• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2018

신뢰하기 어려운 인터넷 환경에서 신뢰를 확보하기 위해 블록체인 기술을 사물인터넷 (IoT Internet of Things)에 적용한 '블록체인 기반 IoT'에 대한 기대감이 높다. 그러나 현재의 블록체인 기반의 IoT 기술은 확장성과 보안성 측면에서 실생활에 응용하기에 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 최근 각광받는 사물인터넷 디지털 비즈니스를 실현시키기 위한 블록체인 네트워킹 기술의 확장성과 보안성 난제를 고찰하고 정책과 샤딩, 오프체인, 비식별화, P2P 암호화폐 교환 등의 기술적 해결 방안 도입을 제안한다. 후속 연구에서는 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보안성과 확장성을 보장하는 사물인터넷 블록체인 플랫폼을 구현하고 기존의 블록체인 플랫폼과 비교할 계획이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3615-3638
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• 2020

Node identity authentication is an essential means to ensure the security of the Internet of Things. Existing blockchain-based IoT node authentication schemes have many problems. A heterogeneous IoT node authentication scheme based on an improved hybrid blockchain is proposed. Firstly, the hybrid blockchain model is designed to make the blockchain and IoT environment more compatible. Then the proxy node selection mechanism is intended to establish a bridge between the ordinary IoT node and the blockchain, building by calculating the trust value between nodes. Finally, based on the improved hybrid blockchain, the node authentication scheme of the model and proxy node selection mechanism establishes a secure connection for communication between nodes. Safety and performance analysis shows proper safety and performance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2024

The proliferation of IoT devices has presented an unprecedented challenge in managing device identities securely and efficiently. In this paper, we introduce an innovative Hybrid Blockchain-Based Approach for IoT Identity Management that prioritizes both security and efficiency. Our hybrid solution, strategically combines the advantages of direct and indirect connections, yielding exceptional performance. This approach delivers reduced latency, optimized network utilization, and energy efficiency by leveraging local cluster interactions for routine tasks while resorting to indirect blockchain connections for critical processes. This paper presents a comprehensive solution to the complex challenges associated with IoT identity management. Our Hybrid Blockchain-Based Approach sets a new benchmark for secure and efficient identity management within IoT ecosystems, arising from the synergy between direct and indirect connections. This serves as a foundational framework for future endeavors, including optimization strategies, scalability enhancements, and the integration of advanced encryption methodologies. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of tailored strategies in shaping the future of IoT identity management through innovative blockchain integration.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Modern supply chains include multiple activities from collecting raw materials to transferring final products. These activities involve many parties who share a huge amount of valuable data, which makes managing supply chain systems a challenging task. Current supply chain management (SCM) systems adopt digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain for optimization purposes. Although these technologies can significantly enhance SCM systems, they have their own limitations that directly affect SCM systems. Security, performance, and scalability are essential components of SCM systems. Yet, confidentiality and scalability are one of blockchain's main limitations. Moreover, IoT devices are lightweight and have limited power and storage. These limitations should be considered when developing blockchain-based IoT-SCM systems. In this paper, the requirements of efficient supply chain systems are analyzed and the role of both IoT and blockchain technologies in providing each requirement are discussed. The limitations of blockchain and the challenges of IoT integration are investigated. The limitations of current literature in the same field are identified, and a secure and scalable blockchain-based IoT-SCM system is proposed. The proposed solution employs a Hyperledger fabric blockchain platform and tackles confidentiality by implementing private data collection to achieve confidentiality without decreasing performance. Moreover, the proposed framework integrates IoT data to stream live data without consuming its limited resources and implements a dualstorge model to support supply chain scalability. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of security, throughput, and latency. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework maintains confidentiality, integrity, and availability of on-chain and off-chain supply chain data. It achieved better performance through 31.2% and 18% increases in read operation throughput and write operation throughput, respectively. Furthermore, it decreased the write operation latency by 83.3%.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2017

ICT 기술이 발달하며 IoT 환경이 주목받고 있다. 하지만 IoT 디바이스는 다양한 사용 용도만큼 디바이스가 동작하는 CPU의 성능도 다양하지만, 인증에 필요한 암호화가 내장되지 않은 CPU를 사용하거나, 공개키 암호가 동작하지 않는 디바이스도 다수 존재한다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 램포트 해시체인, 램포트 서명, 블록체인을 분석하고, 기존 인증 프로토콜 분석을 통해 인증, 무결성 및 부인 방지 기능을 제공하는 블록체인 기반 IoT 디바이스 인증 스킴을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 스킴은 IoT 디바이스에 단순 해시연산만을 요구하여 저성능 IoT 디바이스에서도 동작이 가능해 IoT 환경에서 안전한 인증을 보장할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2023

As the IoT market continues to grow, security threats to IoT devices with limited resources are also increasing. However, the application of security technology to the existing system to IoT devices with limited resources is impossible due to the inherent characteristics of IoT devices. Various methods for solving related problems have been studied in existing studies to solve this problem. Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of domestic IoT authentication standards and existing research to propose an algorithm that applies blockchain-based authentication and lightweight encryption algorithms to IoT equipment with limited resources. In this study, a key generation method was applied using a Lamport hash-chain and data integrity between IoT devices were provided using a Merkle Tree, and an LEA encryption algorithm was applied using confidentiality in data communication. In the experiment, it was verified that the efficiency is high when the LEA encryption algorithm, which is a lightweight encryption algorithm, is applied to IoT devices with limited resources.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

최근 LTE보다 빠른 속도와 안정을 가진 5G 기술에 대한 기대감이 증가하고 있는 가운데 5G 통신 보안에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 5G는 현재까지 이질적인 영역이 서로 포함되어 있어서 보안 영역에 대한 문제들을 아직 완벽하게 지원하고 있지 않다. 본 논문은 5G 환경에서 IoT 장치의 인증을 블록체인에 적용한 확률 기반의 IoT 관리모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 IoT 장치의 인증을 확률적 이론과 물리적 구조를 효율적으로 융합하기 위해서 n 계층의 IoT 사용자를 n+1 계층과 n-1 계층의 관리자가 쌍방향 인증이 이루어지도록 2개의 랜덤키를 역으로 사용한다. 제안 모델은 5G 환경의 IoT 사용자에 대한 인증을 확률적 기반으로 IoT 정보를 계층화시킨 후 IoT 정보를 가중치에 적용하여 그룹핑된 IoT 정보를 블록체인으로 연결한다. 또한, 제안 모델은 5G 네트워크를 계층화된 다층 네트워크로 분할하기 때문에 기존 블록체인보다 향상된 기능을 가진다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2023

Data confidentiality refers to the characteristic that information kept undisclosed or hidden from unauthorized parties. It considered a key security requirement in current supply chain management (SCM) systems. Currently, academia and industry tend to adopt blockchain and IoT technologies in order to develop efficient and secure SCM systems. However, providing confidential data sharing among these technologies is quite challenging due to the limitations associated with blockchain and IoT devices. This review paper illustrates the importance of preserving data confidentiality in SCM systems by highlighting the state of the art on confidentiality-preserving methodologies in the context of blockchain based IoT-SCM systems and the challenges associated with it.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

IoT applications are quickly spread in many fields. Blockchain methods(BC), defined as a distributed sharing mechanism, offer excellent support for IoT evolution. The BC provides a secure way for communication between IoT devices. However, the IoT environments are threatened by hacker attacks and malicious intrusions. The IoT applications security are faced with three challenges: intrusions and attacks detection, secure communication, and compressed storage information. This paper proposed a system based on double-blockchain to improve the communication transactions' safety and enhance the information compression method for the stored data. Information security is enhanced by using an Ellipse Curve Cryptography(ECC) considered in a double-blockchain case. The data compression is ensured by the Compressed Sensing(CS) method. The conducted experimentation reveals that the proposed method is more accurate in security and storage performance than previous related works.