• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1969

As a part of a series of previous studies, physical properties of various portions of a tire made of NR-Syn. R bloods were studied. 1. It was found, in general, most effective for tire tread when 50 parts of HAF black was blended with NR and Syn. R with a ratio of 70/30. 2. It was found that the use of SBR 1712 has an advantage in price, easy processing and physical properties than other synthetic rubber. 3. A technical compounding of various portions of a tire has to be determined for optimum cure conditions.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 2010

This research aimed to investigate the influence of high-volume mineral admixtures (MAs), i.e., fly ash and slag, on the hydration characteristics and microstructures of cement pastes. Degree of cement hydration was quantified by the loss-on-ignition technique and degree of pozzolanic reaction was determined by a selective dissolution method. The influence of MAs on the pore structure of paste was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that the hydration properties of the blended pastes were a function of water to binder ratio, cement replacement level by MAs, and curing age. Pastes containing fly ash exhibited strongly reduced early strength, especially for mix with 45% fly ash. Moreover, at a similar cement replacement level, slag incorporated cement paste showed higher degrees of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction than that of fly ash incorporated cement paste. Thus, the present study demonstrates that high substitution rates of slag for cement result in better effects on the short- and long-term hydration properties of cement pastes.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2020

On the basis of the use of shoes, the outsole, which is mainly made of rubber, has various characteristics. The most important of these characteristics is abrasion resistance and friction. Generally, the abrasion resistance can be improved by adding more reinforcing filler such as silica to the rubber; however, the friction force drops. Owing to these problems, rubber having excellent abrasion resistance and rubber having excellent frictional force are blended. In this study, various characteristics, including wear resistance and friction, were evaluated by blending NBR/SBR or NBR/BR mixture with high wear resistance and CIIR with high friction. The CIIR was increased up to 60 phr, whereas the friction wear characteristics were rapidly changed in the NBR/CIIR blend ratio from 75:15 to 60:30.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2004

In this study, an effect of fiber blending on material property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) was evaluated. Also, optimized association and the mixing rate of fiber for HFRC was determined. Test result shows, in the case of mono fiber reinforced concrete, use of steel fiber in concrete caused increment in tensile and bending strength as the blended ratio increases, while use of carbon fiber and glass fiber caused increment in compressive strength. Use of hybrid fiber reinforcement in concrete caused a significant influence on its fracture behavior; consequently, caused increase by mixing rate of steel fiber and contributed by carbon fiber, glass fiber, celluloid fiber in reinforcement effect in order.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for direct injection diesel engine. It is tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has four kinds of mixed ratio. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission and brake specific fuel consumption rate have been investigated. Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) contains oxygen component 53.3% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of carbonate group that the smoke emission of DMC is reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in diesel engine. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel and EGR method.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop a cold rolling oil with lubricity and mill cleanness property under the rolling conditions of high reduction ratio and high rolling speed. Six kinds of oil samples were blended. Evaluation of lubricity and anti-seizuro property of the samples were carried out with a laboratory scale rolling mill, where the contact conditions between work roll and strip are very close to actual cold rolling mill. Laboratory evaluation for dispersion, contamination, anti-oil stain property and residual carbon, etc. were carried out with several testers such as longterm circulation tester, Coulter counter and Conradson tester. A new high speed cold rolling oil with good lubricity and mill cleanness property was developed compared with the previously developed rolling oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-152
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• 2001

Acrylic resin(ACR) was blended with a curing agent, hexamethoxymethylmela-mine(HMMM), in which blending ratio was 70:30. The curing behavior was examined using Rheovibron. Cross-linking reaction started at $170^{\circ}C$ in 2 min of reaction and curing was completed in 10 min. It was found that the extent of cross-linking increased with the content of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate monomer in the ACR.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2012

The ideal gradating curve is used in this study to estimate densified aggregate blended ratio and total surface area of aggregate, there by under assigned paste amount of concrete, and coating paste thickness can then be deduced. Four groups of concrete mixtures were prepared and the corresponding concrete properties, such as workability, compression strength, ultrasonic velocity, surface resistivity and chloride ion penetration, were measured and finally the results are interpreted in terms of "coating thickness". The result shows as the coating thickness of the concrete is higher than critical one, the coating thickness on aggregate does affect the workability, and whatever workability is required the superplasticizer can be adjusted to achieve the demand workability. Under a fixed paste quality at the same age, coating paste thickness is inversely proportional to the concrete properties, especially as the coating thickness gets thinner.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2018

Purpose: Self-sufficiency in paper production is desired in Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the performance of a locally fabricated batch pulp digester. Methods: The pulp yields of sheaths generated as waste in the production of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) laminates were determined at different liquor concentrations and treatment time after preliminary experiments to ascertain the conditions under which the sheath started to pulp. Moreover, the optimum pulping conditions and fiber characteristics were determined and estimated, respectively, to ascertain the pulp fiber suitability for paper production. Results: An optimum pulp yield of 65.1% was obtained at 50% NaOH and 25% $Na_2S$ liquor concentration (w/w) when the cooking time was 4 h. The results of fiber characterization of the pulp indicated an average fiber length of 2.19 mm with a low Runkel ratio of 1.63, both of which signify the suitability of the pulp for medium quality paper production. Conclusions: Softwood pulp can be blended with the fibers to improve the strength of the produced paper; further investigation should be carried out to use other non-woody plants for pulp and papermaking.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2023

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) can be a promising alternative for the solution of dye removal from coloured effluents. Polymeric membranes are widely used due to their good film-forming ability, flexibility, separation properties, and cost. However, they have low mechanical, chemical, and thermal resistances. Moreover, the fouling of polymeric membranes is high because of their hydrophobic nature. Hence, there is an increasing interest in organic-inorganic hybrid membranes as a new-generation membrane material. It has been shown that carbon nanotubes have the potential to increase the material properties of polymers with their low density, high strength, hardness, and exceptional aspect ratio. In this work, carbon nanotubes blended MMMs were prepared and methyl orange removal efficiency of them was investigated. Compared to the bare membranes, MMMs showed not only increased hydrophilicity, water content, and pure water flux but also increased methyl orange rejection and flux recovery