• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.941-953
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• 2019

Biodiesels are being explored as a clean energy alternative to regular diesel, which causes pollution. In this study, the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel (BD) by combining beef tallow, an animal waste resource with a high saturated fatty acid content, and corn oil, a vegetable oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated, and the fuel properties were analyzed. Furthermore, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to verify the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel. The influences of control factors, such as the oil blend ratio and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel production yield were investigated. As a result, the optimum condition for producing blended biodiesel was verified to be tallow to corn oil blend ratio of 7 : 3 (TACO7) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 14 : 1. Moreover, the interaction between the oil blend ratio and the methanol to oil molar ratio has the most crucial effects on the production of oil blended biodiesel. In conclusion, the analysis results of the fuel properties of TACO7 BD satisfied the BD quality standard, and thus, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This paper describes the effect of DME, biodiesel blended fuels on the macroscopic spray characteristics in a high pressure diesel injection system using Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method. The BOS method for visualization of impingement evaporation sprays to analyze macroscopic spray properties and evolutionary processes. In this work, the blending ratio of DME in the blended fuel are 0, 50, 100% by weight ratio. In order to investigate the macroscopic impinged spray characteristics under the various injection parameters and blending ratio. In this work, a mini-sac type single-hole nozzle injector with nozzle hole was length 0.7 mm and diameter of 0.3 mm was used. According to the result, the spray area of the collision wall increased as the DME mixing ratio increased, and the evolutionary pattern showed a stepwise increase due to the collision effect of the wall. Also, results of impinged spray area were increased according to increasing injection pressure.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.567-577
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• 2019

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, demand for alternative energy is gradually increasing. Among the various methods, a method to convert biomass into alternative fuel has been proposed. The bio-fuel obtained from biomass through pyrolysis process is called pyrolysis oil (PO) or bio-oil. Because PO is difficult to use directly in conventional engines due to its poor fuel properties, various methods have been proposed to upgrade pyrolysis-oil. The simplest approach is to mix it with conventional fossil fuels. However, due to their different polarity of PO and fossil fuel, direct mixing is impossible. To resolve this problem, emulsification of two fuels with a proper surfactant was proposed, but it costs additional time and cost. Alternatively, the use of alcohol fuels as an organic solvent significantly improve the fuel properties such as fuel stability, calorific value and viscosity. In this study, blends of diesel, n-butanol, and coffee ground pyrolysis oil (CGPO) which is one of the promising PO, was applied to diesel generator. Combustion and emissions characteristics of blended fuels were investigated under the entire load range. Experimental results show that ignition delay is similar to that of diesel at high load. Although, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are comparable to diesel, significant reduction of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions were observed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2010

The effect of fuel injection characteristics on engine performance has been known for improving fuel economy and emission reduction. In this study, the spray characteristics of crude palm oil blended fuel with conventional diesel fuel was investigated. The experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of crude palm oil blending ratio and injection pressure on the spray behavior. The droplet size of injected fuel was analyzed through laser diffraction particle analyzer (LDPA). Also, spray atomization characteristics were investigated in terms of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and droplet distribution at various injection conditions. Fuel containing crude palm oil has different spray pattern on account of the high viscosity. Through those experimental results, we found that the increase of blending ratio made droplet size larger, SMD of biodiesel 100% was increased 30.2% than that of diesel fuel 100% under injection pressure of 60 MPa.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2009

Biodiesel fuel has different spray patterns, because viscosity and surface tension of biodiesel fuel are higher than that of diesel fuel. The diesel combustion is strongly controlled by the fuel spray behavior in combustion chamber. So, it was needed to understand the spay characteristics of non-esterification biodiesel fuel. In this study, the spray characteristics of non-esterification biodiesel fuel was investigated to confirm of an effect of WDP. The characteristics of fuel atomization was analyzed with SMD and span factor through laser diffraction particle analyzer (LDPA), and the process of spray injection was visualized through the visualization system composed of a halogen lamp and high speed camera. It was found that injection delay time and SMD of blended fuel with WDP get shoter and smaller than that of non-esterification biodiesel fuel.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the basic flame behavior characteristics using the single fuel droplet combustion of diesel, palm-based biodiesel, and canola-based biodiesel. The results were compared and analyzed through the post processed image, which was applied the threshold level for removing noise in the raw image. The raw image was taken by a high-speed camera during the entire combustion process. At the same time, the maximum flame length, which was measured by the application code of the MATLAB program, the ignition delay, and the combustion period were compared and analyzed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2010

In this study, the potential possibility of biodiesel fuel(BDF) and oxygenated fuel(ethylene glycolvmono-n-butyl ether; EGBE) was investigated as an effective method of decreasing the smoke emission. The smoke emission of blending fuel (BDF and EGBE 0~20 vol-%) was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel and it was reduced approximately 64% at 2000 rpm, full load in the 20% of blending rate. But torque and brake specific energy consumption( BSEC) didn't have no large differences. Also, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) for the reduction of NOx emission has been investigated. Consequently, It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with BDF(90 vol-%) and EGBE(10 vol-%) blended fuel and cooled EGR method(5~10%).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2011

디젤 엔진은 실린더 안에 공기를 흡입·압축한 후에 액체연료를 분사하여 연소하기 때문에 압축비가 높다. 높은 압축비로 인해 높은 열효율을 가지고 있지만 국부적인 고온 반응 구간에서 NOx 생성과 PM의 배출 증가와 같은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 연구기관, 대학 등에서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며 그 중에서 수소를 흡기 중에 첨가하여 공급하는 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 HHO가스를 흡기중에 첨가하여 바이오디젤 혼합 연료를 사용한 산업용 디젤기관에 미치는 영향을 분석 하였다. 실험조건은 0%, 50%, 100% 부하에서 엔진속도를 700rpm, 1000rpm, 1300rpm, 1600rpm, 1900rpm으로 구분하였다. 실험결과 최대 토크와 최대압력은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 연료소 모율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 스모크농도 및 일산화탄소의 농도는 크게 저감되었고 질소산화물의 배출은 유사한 특성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2015

최근에 환경오염 문제와 대체에너지 문제에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 디젤기관은 세계적으로 연료의 경제성 때문에 사용이 증가할 것이다. 그러므로 선박용기관의 대기오염 문제도 여러 분야에서 큰 관심사가 되고 있다. 화석연료로 부터 배출되는 유해 배기가스를 줄이기 위하여 대체연료기술이 개발되고 있다. 이러한 신재생에너지의 바이오디젤연료는 기존 디젤연료를 대체할 친환경 에너지로 각광을 받고 있으며, 일정한 비율로 디젤연료와 혼합하면 기존 디젤기관에 개조 없이 사용가능하다. 본 연구에서 바이오디젤연료가 선박디젤기관의 연소특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 폐식용유로부터 제조된 바이오디젤유를 엔진에 적용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 폐식용 성분에는 세탄가와 점도가 높은 성분이 있고, 탄소함유량이 적으면서 산소함유량이 잔존하고 있다. 연구 결과 연료소비율은 증가하고, 압력, 압력상승율 및 열발생율은 감소하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1648-1653
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• 2009

석유와 같은 화석연료는 $CO_2$의 방출로 인해 지구 온난화의 원인이 되고, 그 매장량 또한 한정되어 있다. 따라서 대체에너지에 관한 관심이 증대 되고 있고 이러한 대체 에너지 중 식물성 오일은 환경 친화적이며 재생산이 가능한 에너지원으로 기존의 고효율의 디젤유와 유사한 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한 식물성 오일은 $CO_2$방출에 의한 지구 온난화 문제를 줄일 수 있는 방법중의 하나로도 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 곡물가격 상승과 식량자원 부족문제를 해결하기 위하여 폐식용유를 사용하였다. $15{\mu}m$구멍 입경을 갖는 시브를 사용하여 폐식용유(WVO)로부터 불순물과 침전물을 제거 한 후 Homo-mixer를 사용하여 5000rpm에서 10분간 디젤유와 혼합하였다. WVO와 디젤 블렌딩 용액의 요오드가(Iodine Value)와 점도 변화를 조사한 후 최종적으로 디젤 엔진에 적용결과 엔진구동에 가능성이 있음을 확인 하였다.