• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 응급구조학과 학생들을 대상으로 출혈성 쇼크와 관련된 출혈량을 시각적으로 평가하는 것이다. 마네킹 시뮬레이션 교육을 통해 응급구조학과 학생들은 병원 전 환경에서 출혈량을 추정하는 데 자신감을 가질 수 있었다. 세 개의 구조용 훈련 마네킹을 바로누운자세로 놓고 인공 혈액을 복부와 골반 사이에 부운 후 시각적으로 측정하게 하였으며 출혈량 관련 시뮬레이션 교육 전과 후에 700mL, 1200mL 및 1700mL의 출혈 평가를 수행하도록 하였다. 응급구조학과 학생들은 출혈량을 과소 평가했고, 한 번의 출혈량 시뮬레이션으로는 정확한 출혈량을 평가하는 것이 어려웠다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to identify the bleeding risk factors and to validate the safety of shortening the bed rest time after bone marrow examination in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. Methods: From July 2019 to September 2020, 145 patients were enrolled from a single center. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Descriptive statistics were presented, and the data were analyzed using 𝑥²-test, Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression. Results: After two hours of bed rest, most of the patients (91.7%) did not have bleeding complications, and only 8.3% of the patients had a minor bleeding. The rate of major bleeding complications, including hematoma, retroperitoneal hemorrhage rate was zero. The bleeding complications was frequently found on bilateral procedures than unilateral procedures and the difference were statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusion: Two hours of bed rest time after bone marrow examination could be safe and adequate in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 PSC 그라우트의 블리딩 예측을 위한 블리딩 시험에 사용되는 실린더의 직경과 강연선의 개수가 시멘트 페이스트(물-시멘트 비 0.42)의 블리딩에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 실험변수로 실린더의 직경과 강연선의 개수를 달리하였다. 실린더의 직경은 쉬스관의 직경 범위를 고려하여 25, 50, 75, 100, 150mm이며, 모든 직경변수에 대하여 강연선 유 무에 따른 블리딩 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 직경 50mm 실린더에 대해서는 강연선을 증가(0, 1, 2, 3(EA))시켜가며 실험을 수행하였다. 강연선이 없는 경우 블리딩률은 2% 이하로 매우 작게 발생하며 측정오차 범위 내에서 모든 실험체가 비슷한 수준으로 발생하였다. 강연선이 있는 경우 블리딩률이 최대 10%까지 발생하였으며, 실린더의 직경이 증가할수록 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 실린더 직경 50-100mm 구간에서 블리딩률이 급격히 변화하였다. 또한 강연선의 개수가 증가함에 따라 블리딩률이 점차 증가하였으나, 측정오차를 고려할 때 무시할 수 있는 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서 블리딩 실험을 수행함에 있어 1가닥의 강연선을 배치하고 실제 쉬스관의 직경을 고려하여 직경 50-100mm 범위에서 실린더를 선택하는 것이 가장 합리적인 방법이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2017

Purpose: Tumor bleeding is a major complication in inoperable gastric cancer. The study aim was to investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for the prevention of gastric tumor bleeding. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with inoperable gastric cancer were randomly assigned to receive oral lansoprazole (30 mg) or placebo daily. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of tumor bleeding, and the secondary endpoints were transfusion requirement and overall survival (OS). Results: This study initially planned to enroll 394 patients, but prematurely ended due to low recruitment rate. Overall, 127 patients were included in the analyses: 64 in the lansoprazole group and 63 in the placebo group. During the median follow-up of 6.4 months, tumor bleeding rates were 7.8% and 9.5%, in the lansoprazole and placebo groups, respectively, with the cumulative bleeding incidence not statistically different between the groups (P=0.515, Gray's test). However, during the initial 4 months, 4 placebo-treated patients developed tumor bleeding, whereas there were no bleeding events in the lansoprazole-treated patients (P=0.041, Gray's test). There was no difference in the proportion of patients who required transfusion between the groups. The OS between the lansoprazole (11.7 months) and the placebo (11.0 months) groups was not statistically different (P=0.610). Study drug-related serious adverse event or bleeding-related death did not occur. Conclusions: Treating patients with inoperable gastric cancer with lansoprazole did not significantly reduce the incidence of tumor bleeding. However, further studies are needed to evaluate whether lansoprazole can prevent tumor bleeding during earlier phases of chemotherapy (ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier No. NCT02150447).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2000

The characteristics of two different modes of perfusion culture, intermittent and continuous bleedings, were investigated by culturing the hybridoma cells producing von Willebrand Factor (vWF) monoclonal antibody (McAb) in a 15 L bioreactor without clogging the filter. Both culture methods exhibited similar profiles of cell density and metabolite concentrations during the culture period at the cell concentration of around 1${\times}$107 cells/mL. When the perfusion rate was increased, the intermittrnt bleeding culture showed problems of ammonia accumulation and decrease of cell viability. The continuous bleeding culture in terms of nutrient consumption and metabolite production kinetics. But the analysis of specific oxygen consumption rate showed that the specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture was similar to that of exponential growth phase. The continuous bleeding culture showed higher specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture. finally we proved the possibility of long-term operation of continuous bleeding culture and produced approximately 40 g of vWF McAb in a 15L bioreactor after one-month operation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2017

Hookworm infections are widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in low income regions. In the body, hookworms parasitize the proximal small intestine, leading to chronic intestinal hemorrhage and iron deficiency anemia. Occasionally, hookworms can cause overt gastrointestinal bleeding, but this is often ignored in heavily burdened individuals from endemic infectious areas. A total of 424 patients with overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were diagnosed by numerous blood tests or stool examinations as well as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy or double-balloon enteroscopy. All of the patients lived in hookworm endemic areas and were not screened for hookworm infection using sensitive tests before the final diagnosis. The patients recovered after albendazole treatment, blood transfusion, and iron replacement, and none of the patients experienced recurrent bleeding in the follow-up. All the 31 patients were diagnosed with hookworm infections without other concomitant bleeding lesions, a rate of 7.3% (31/424). Seventeen out of 227 patients were diagnosed with hookworm infections in the capsule endoscopy (CE), and 14 out of 197 patients were diagnosed with hookworm infections in the double balloon enteroscopy (DBE). Hookworm infections can cause overt gastrointestinal bleeding and should be screened in patients with overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) in endemic infectious areas with sensitive methods. Specifically, the examination of stool specimens is clinically warranted for most patients, and the proper examination for stool eggs relies on staff's communication.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.105-129
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• 2004

Methods: It was studied on the 47 kinds of oriental medical literature for fecal blood. Results: Fecal blood means bleeding with faces from anus and indicates all the three cases such as blooding before and after evacuation, evacuation of feces mixed with blood, and simple melena. The main causes are fire(火) and deficiency of spleen qi (脾氣虛). According to the color of fecal blood and the region of the bleeding, first, if the blood color is dark-red and blood discharges after emptying the bowels, it is called deposited poison into Jang(臟毒) or distant bleeding(遠血), and if the color of blood is clear and bowel emptying occurs after bleeding, it is bloody stool due to intestinal wind(腸風) or nearby bleeding(近血). For treating methods(治法). removing heat from the blood and stopping bleeding(淸熱凉血止血), removing dampness and stopping bleeding(淸熱除濕止血), invigorating Ki for promoting Hul-controJ(益氣攝血), warming the spleen and stomach to dispel cold and stopping bleeding(溫中散寒止血) etc are applied. As for the treating prescriptionl(治法), a Hwangtotang(黃土湯). Jeoksodudanggwitang(赤小豆當歸散). Gwihwasan(槐花散). Wipungtang(胃風湯). Hwangnyeonhwan modifying(黃連丸加減). Samultang modifying(四物湯加減). Paedoksan modifying(敗毒散加減) etc are used. As for acupuncture and moxibustion(鍼灸療法). if etiology(病因) is damp-heat(濕熱), acupuncture(刺鍼) at Janggang(長强); Charyo(BL 32); Sangeoheo(ST 37)(上巨虛); Seungsan(BL 57)(承山穴), and in case of deficiency of spleen Gi(脾氣虛), acupunture(刺鍼) with tonification(補法) at I Baek(EX-UE 2)(二白); Gwanwon(CC 4)(關元); Joksamni(ST 36)(足三里) Taebaek(SP 3)(太白); Hoeeum(CC 1)(會陰穴), or mxibuston(灸) at Baekoe(GC 2O)(百會); Myeongmun9GC (命門) or the point of opposite to umbilicus among spinal vertebrae(脊中對臍穴) are used. The external treatment(外治療法) was consisted of plastering umbilicus therapy(敷臍法) and enema therapy(灌腸法).

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.593-596
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• 2008

콘크리트의 블리딩은 재료분리의 일종으로서 콘크리트 품질뿐만 아니라 내구성을 저하시키는 원인으로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 블리딩에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 시멘트 및 믹싱시간의 두 요인의 변화에 따른 특성을 파악하여 블리딩 제어기술 확보를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.연구결과에 의하면, 믹싱시간이 증가할수록 블리딩율도 증가하는 추세를 나타내고 있었다. 블리딩양(믹싱시간 90초)은 시멘트 특성에 의한 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있었으며, 콘크리트 특성값(블리딩율, 슬럼프 및 재령 3일 압축강도)은 믹싱시간과 비례적인 관계가 있었다. 또한, 슬럼프 손실율과 믹싱시간은 반비례적인 관계가 존재하였고, 압축강도값은 초기재령에서만 믹싱시간에 의한 영향을받고 있었다.향후, 최적 믹싱시간 도출을 위한 다양한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Background: The most frequent complication of nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is epistaxis. Epinephrine nasal gauze packing has been used conventionally as a pre-treatment for reducing epistaxis, but it carries a disadvantage of pain and anxiety in patients. However, xylometazoline drops are easier to administer and more convenient for patients. We aimed at comparing the effectiveness of xylometazoline drops and epinephrine merocele packing in reducing bleeding and postoperative complications in our population. Methods: Our study enrolled 120 patients in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. We randomly allocated ASA1 or 2 adult patients into 2 groups: Group X and Group E. Group X received 0.1% xylometazoline nasal drops, and epinephrine (1:10,000) merocele nasal packing was used in Group E. The primary outcome was the incidence of bleeding during NTI; the severity of bleeding, navigability, bleeding during extubation, and postoperative complications were secondary outcomes. We used IBM SPSS and Minitab software for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We analyzed the data of 110 patients: 55 in Group X and 55 in Group E. The two groups did not have different bleeding incidence (56.4% vs 60.0%; P = 0.70); however, the incidence of severe bleeding was less with xylometazoline than with epinephrine (3.63% vs 14.54%; P < 0.05). We also observed less bleeding during extubation (38.2% vs 68.5%; P < 0.05) with xylometazoline. Other secondary outcomes were akin to both groups. Conclusion: The incidence of severe and post-extubation bleeding was significantly less with xylometazoline. Hence, it may be an effective alternative for reducing the incidence and severity of epistaxis during NTI.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.921-926
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors associated with gingival bleeding(GB) by tooth brushing in college students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 232 college students in Daegu Health College from March to June, 2014. Data were analyzed for frequency, chi square test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The study was a cross sectional study. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(gender, age, marital status, and smoking), frequency and duration of tooth brushing, scaling experience, and physical health status. Self-reporting hemorrhage was reported by yes or no. Frequency of tooth brushing was documented as the number of behavior. Above 4 times of tooth brushing was defined as 4. Duration of tooth brushing was documented as minute. Above 4 minutes, it was recorded as 4. In physical health status, 1 is feeling weak and 4 is feeling very healthy. Cronbach alpha was 0.82 in the study. Results: There were significant relationships between gingival bleeding and age(p<0.05), subjective health(p<0.01), tooth brushing frequency(p<0.05) and duration(p<0.05) by chi square test. Logistic regression analysis showed that the age(p<0.05), subjective health(p<0.01), tooth brushing frequency(p<0.05) and duration(p<0.05) were associated with gingival bleeding. Prevalence of gingival bleeding in 20 years was 0.62(odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI 1.00~3.43) and it was higher than that in 10 years. Prevalence of gingival bleeding in good health group was -1.38 and it was lower than that in poor health group. Conclusions: The factors associated with gingival bleeding were age, subjective health, and tooth brushing frequency and time.