• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 1998

To investigate the influence of originated host and water temperature on the infectivity and growth of Microcotyle sebastis, juveniles of Schlegel's black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were exposed to the eggs of M. sebastis originated from. Schlegel's black rockfish and black rockfish (Sebastes inermis) at $10^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$. There were significant differences between the two isolates in the infectivity of eggs, and the growth of worms. The growth of M. sebastis was significantly affected by water temperature, and worms grew faster in $20^{\circ}C$ than in $10^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2007

The compositional and morphological analyses have been carried out by employing XRD, EPMA, and SEM for the black-colored precipitate which is formed on the surface of heating appliances by heating tap water. XRD analysis has showed that the precipitate was mainly composed of calcium carbonate with a crystal structure of calcite. Also, small amounts of precipitate by SEM showed that the microscopic shape of the precipitate was usually angular spherical.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 2014

Copper has been widely used to control algae and pathogens in fish culture ponds. However, its toxic effects on fish depend not only on its concentration in the water but also on the water quality. A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess copper toxicity in the black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli using a panel of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), at different levels of copper at three water temperatures (WT, 18, 23, $28^{\circ}C$) for 4 days. After exposure to two copper concentrations (100 and $200{\mu}g/L$), GSH levels and GST activities increased significantly, depending on WT (P < 0.05) in the liver, gill, and kidney of the black rockfish. GPx and SOD activities decreased significantly with both increasing WT and copper treatment in the organs of black rockfish (P < 0.05). These changes can be seen as initial responses to temperature stress and as a sustained response to copper exposure. This also indicates that GSH and related enzymes activities were sensitive indexes to stress by toxicants such as copper. The present findings suggest that simultaneous stress due to temperature change and copper exposure can accelerate changes in enzymes activities in the black rockfish. This provides another example of synergism between environmental temperature and pollutants, which may have important implications for the survival of fish in polluted environments during seasonal warming and/or global climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2010

The ink which is left by sealed more than 6 months, it clogs head nozzle of machine due to precipitation and coagulation. In addition, if you stop printing about 3~4 hours in the middle of printing work, the head nozzles of printer could be naturally clogged. To prevent of this situation, worker should implement cleaning and checking head nozzle before hands. When the nozzle is clogged in the middle of work, running a head cleaning mode can clear the clogged nozzle. Yet, large amount of waste inks which are passed clogged nozzle will be remained after cleaning. It would be very nice that ink companies take the waste ink back by green marketing, but none of them are doing it currently. The purpose of this research is that making a black water-based recycle ink by waste inks which are left of nozzle clogging or passed expiration date. This recycle ink will improved working environment and reduce cost of disposing waste inks. Furthermore, it is very environment friendly and economical. It is called a recycle ink which is water-based black ink made by waste inks.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2013

The experiment was conducted to determine the value of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and pupae as feed supplements for fresh-water fish (Carassius auratus). Black soldier fly larvae grown on food waste were fed to fresh-water fish, live larvae alone, dried larvae, dried pupae and combination with commercial fish diet. A 16-week feed trial was conducted to determine whether black soldier fly larvae could be used as a feed supplement in fresh-water fish. The growth performance indicated that fish fed the live larvae ranked consistently higher, and in combination with commercial fish diet and dried larvae and pupae were next higher. The finding of this study suggest that black soldier fly larvae and pupae may be valuable feedstuff in commercial fish production.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Black dross contains metallic aluminium, alumina, silica, MgO, soluble salts together with minor ingredients. Control of silica in black dross is important in transforming the black dross into usable materials. First, most of the soluble salts (KCl and NaCl) in black dross were dissolved in water at reaction temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. Leaching behavior of silica, alumina, MgO and $TiO_2$ from the residue after water treatment was investigated by varying NaOH concentration and reaction temperature. Reaction temperature ($25{\sim}95^{\circ}C$) was favorable to the leaching of alumina but an optimum temperature existed for silica. MgO was not dissolved at all in the NaOH concentration range from 2 to 6 M. At the leaching condition of 5 M NaOH and reaction temperature of $95^{\circ}C$, approximately 80% of alumina and 68% of silica was dissolved.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2021

Although monolayer black phosphorus (BP) and few-layer BP nanosheets (NSs) have been extensively studied as promising alternatives to graphene, research has focused primarily on atomically thin-layered BP in an isolated form. In order to realize the practical applications of BP-related devices, a BP film based on continuous networking of few-layer BP NSs should be developed. In this study, a transparent BP film with high quality was fabricated via a vacuum filtration method. An oxygen-free water solvent was used as an exfoliation medium to avoid significant oxidation of the few-layer BP NSs in liquid-phase exfoliation. The exfoliation efficiency from bulk BP to the few-layer BP NSs was estimated at 22%, which is highly efficient for the production of continuous BP film. The characteristics of the high-quality BP film were determined as 98% transparency, minimum oxidation of 18%, structural stability, and an appropriate bandgap of about 1.8 eV as a semiconductor layer. In order to demonstrate the potential of the BP film for photocatalytic activity, we performed photoelectrochemical water oxidation of the transparent BP film. Although its performance should be improved for practical applications, the BP film could function as a photoanode, which offers a new potential semiconductor in water oxidation. We believe that if the BP film is adequately engineered with other catalysts the photocatalytic activity of the BP film will be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

A die casting mold releasing agent was prepared from aqueous mixture of powdery carbon black and water soluble natural polymeric materials such as xanthan gum(X-gum) and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), which were used as thickening agent as well as curing agent with aldehydes. The suitable concentration of natural polymers for stable dispersion of carbon black in water was 0.25 wt% of X-gum or 1.0 wt% of CMC. When CMC was used less than 1 wt%, the final carbon black disperion showed a rapid phase separation. The adhesion of carbon black releasing agent on glass plate was improved with the amount of crosslinking agent, glutaraldehyde and chain extender, oligosaccharide. However, the affinity of carbon black releasing agent prepared with X-gum was stronger than that with CMC on glass plate. The final carbon black mold releasing agents prepared under our mixing conditions can be applied to the production of castings of high quality with good workability and without worthening evironmental situations.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.510-517
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hot-water and methanol extracts of raw and black Doraji to increase its utilization. In order to prepare the black Doraji, it was steamed for 15 days at a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and then it was dried at a temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr. The methanol extract from the black Doraji (BM) contained the highest levels of total polyphenols among the extracts, and the total polyphenol content of the extract from a black Doraji was higher than that of the extract from a raw Doraji. The total flavonoid contents of the hot-water extract from a black Doraji (BW) was the highest (7.94 mgQE/g) among the samples. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased according to the increase in the concentrations of the Doraji extracts. The BM has the highest radical scavenging activity among the extracts. Each extract showed a slight difference in the antibacterial activity according to the tested strains. The Black Doraji showed a higher antimicrobial activity compared to the raw Doraji. The hot-water extracts demonstrated higher activities than the methanol extracts, and the BW revealed the strongest activity. In this study, the black Doraji showed more effect of the antioxidant and anti-microbial activities than the raw Doraji. These results will provide fundamental data for improving the sitological value and the black Doraji can be used as a valuable resource for the development of nutraceutical foods.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

Four kinds of marketing black garlics (A, B, C and D products) from Namhae were analysed the antioxidant, nitrite scavenging activities and inhibition of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Total pyruvate and thiosulfate contents were higher in the black garlics than fresh garlic, and their contents were the highest in B product. Total phenol and flavonoids contents in the water and 80% ethanol extracts from black garlics were higher in water than ethanol extract, and all black garlics were higher than fresh garlic. And these contents of A product were somewhat higher compared to the others. Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH, ABTs, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging showed stronger in water than ethanol extracts. And their activities in all products of black garlic were higher than the extracts of fresh garlic, and their activities of A and B products were similar to each other. In pH 2.5, nitrite scavenging activity and inhibition of NDMA formation were stronger in the black garlics than fresh garlic, and A product was the highest. Moreover, inhibition of NDMA formation from black garlic showed similar trends compared to the antioxidant activities. Therefore, we expect that the black garlic will contribute to the inhibition of carcinogenesis in vivo.