• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.56-78
• /
• 2018

Security issue in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a promising research. In 2011, we had accomplished a survey of black hole attacks in MANETs. However network technology is changing with each passing day, a vast number of novel schemes and papers have been proposed and published in recent years. In this paper, we survey the literature on malicious attacks in MANETs published during past 5 years, especially the black hole attack. Black hole attacks are classified into non-cooperative and collaborative black hole attacks. Except black hole attacks, other attacks in MANET are also studied, e.g., wormhole and flooding attacks. In addition, we conceive the open issues and future trends of black hole detection and prevention in MANETs based on the survey results of this paper. We summarize these detection schemes with three systematic comparison tables of non-cooperative black hole, collaborative black hole and other attacks, respectively, for a comprehensive survey of attacks in MANETs.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2013

이동 노드는 임의로 이동을 하며, 라우터와 호스트 기능을 동시에 수행해야 한다. 노드들의 이러한 특성은 다양한 공격의 잠재적 위협 요소가 되고 있다. 특히 그중에서도 악의적인 노드가 패킷 손실을 유발시키는 블랙 홀 공격은 가장 중요한 문제 중에 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 블랙 홀 공격의 효율적인 탐지를 위하여 모든 노드에서 감시 테이블을 이용한 분산적 탐지와 클러스터를 기반으로 한 협업 탐지 기법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 기법에서는 공격 탐지의 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 4단계의 과정으로 이루어진 로컬 탐지와 협업 탐지 과정으로 나누어 수행한다. 협업 탐지를 위해 클러스터 헤드는 블랙 홀 리스트를 이용하였다. Ns-2 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 제안한 기법의 성능을 평가하였으며, 실험결과에서 제안한 기법의 우수한 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.1467-1480
• /
• 2016

This paper proposes "A Black Hole Detection Protocol Design based on a Mutual Authentication Scheme on VANET." It consists of the Mutual Authentication Scheme (MAS) that processes a Mutual Authentication by transferring messages among a Gateway Node, a Sensor Node, and a User Node and the Black Hole Detection Protocol (BHDP) which detects a Non-Authentication Node by using the Session Key computed in the MAS and a Black Hole by using the Broadcasting Table. Therefore, the MAS can reduce the operation count of hash functions more than the existing scheme and protect a privacy from an eavesdropping attack and an information exposure by hashing a nonce and user's ID and password. In addition, the MAS prevents a replay attack by using the randomly generated nonce and the time stamp. The BHDP improves Packet Delivery ratio and Throughput more than the AODV with Black hole by 4.79% and 38.28Kbps. Also, it improves Packet Delivery ratio and Throughput more than the IDSAODV by 1.53% and 10.45Kbps. Hence it makes VANET more safe and reliable.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2023

Objective: • To detect black hole and warm hole attacks in wireless sensor networks. • To give a solution for energy depletion and security breach in wireless sensor networks. • To address the security problem using strategic decision support system. Methods: The proposed stackelberg game is used to make the spirited relations between multi leaders and multi followers. In this game, all cluster heads are acts as leaders, whereas agent nodes are acts as followers. The game is initially modeled as Quadratic Programming and also use backtracking search optimization algorithm for getting threshold value to determine the optimal strategies of both defender and attacker. Findings: To find optimal payoffs of multi leaders and multi followers are based on their utility functions. The attacks are easily detected based on some defined rules and optimum results of the game. Finally, the simulations are executed in matlab and the impacts of detection of black hole and warm hole attacks are also presented in this paper. Novelty: The novelty of this study is to considering the stackelberg game with backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSOA). BSOA is based on iterative process which tries to minimize the objective function. Thus we obtain the better optimization results than the earlier approaches.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.1721-1736
• /
• 2013

Black and gray hole attack is one kind of routing disturbing attacks and can bring great damage to the network. As a result, an efficient algorithm to detect black and gray attack is important. This paper demonstrate an adaptive approach to detecting black and gray hole attacks in ad hoc network based on a cross layer design. In network layer, we proposed a path-based method to overhear the next hop's action. This scheme does not send out extra control packets and saves the system resources of the detecting node. In MAC layer, a collision rate reporting system is established to estimate dynamic detecting threshold so as to lower the false positive rate under high network overload. We choose DSR protocol to test our algorithm and ns-2 as our simulation tool. Our experiment result verifies our theory: the average detection rate is above 90% and the false positive rate is below 10%. Moreover, the adaptive threshold strategy contributes to decrease the false positive rate.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2024

VANETs have become one of the most attractive research areas in the world of wireless networks in recent years. Indeed, vehicular networks have become capable of optimizing road traffic, which significantly reduces the number of accidents through notifications exchanged between nearby vehicles. The routing function based on the opportunistic algorithm is a critical part of the vehicle's communication system and will therefore be an ideal target for attacks that could aim to prevent alert messages from reaching their destination, and thus endanger human lives. The black hole attack is a major threat to the security of VANETs. The main idea of this paper focuses on the analysis of this type of attack in VANETs using Discrete-Time Markov Chains (DTMC). and deduce at the end the effect of the number of malicious nodes on the delivery rate in the network.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2006

VoIP 취약점 중에서 해커 공격의 파급 효과가 가장 큰 스팸공격과 차단에 대한 연구를 하였다. VoIP 서비스에 대한 스팸공격의 시나리오를 작성하고, 콜 스팸, 인스턴트 메시징 스팸, 프레즌스 스팸 공격을 실시한다. 실험실에서 스팸 공격이 성공됨을 증명하고, 사용자의 피해 사실을 확인한다. VoIP 서비스의 스팸 차단 방법의 제안에서 1) 인바이트 리퀘스트 플루드 공격의 차단 2) 블랙/화이트 리스트, 3) 역추적, 4) Black Hole - Sink Hole, 5) 콘텐츠 필터링, 6) 동의 기반 통신, 7) 콜 행위 패턴 조사, 8) 레퓨테이션 시스템을 제안하고 실험한다. 각각의 제안된 차단 방안을 VoIP 네트워크에서 실험하여 스팸차단의 보안 등급을 확인한다. 본 논문의 연구결과를 통하여 VoIP 서비스의 정보보호가 WiBro, BcN에서 확대되어 유비쿼터스 보안을 실현하는데 이바지 할 수 있도록 하겠다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 VoIP서비스의 취약점 중에서 파급 효과가 가장 큰 스팸공격과 차단에 대한 연구를 하였다. VoIP 서비스에 대한 스팸공격의 시나리오를 작성하고, 콜 스팸, 인스턴트 메시징 스팸, 프레즌스 스팸 공격을 실시한다. 실험실에서 스팸 공격이 성공됨을 증명하고, 사용자의 피해 사실을 확인한다. VoIP서비스의 스팸 차단 방법의 제안에서 1) 인바이트 리퀘스트 플루드 공격의 차단 2) 블랙/화이트 리스트, 3) 역추적, 4) Black Hole-Sink Hole, 5) 콘텐츠 필터링, 6) 동의 기반 통신, 7) 콜 행위 패턴 조사, 8) 레퓨테이션 시스템을 제안하고 실험한다. 각각의 제안된 차단 방안을 VoIP 네트워크에서 실험하여 스팸차단의 보안 등급을 확인한다. 본 논문의 연구결과를 통하여 VoIP 서비스의 정보보호가 WiBro, BcN에서 확대되어 유비쿼터스 보안을 실현하는데 이바지 할 수 있도록 하겠다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1330-1347
• /
• 2018

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes or communication devices that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and predetermined organization of available links. The effort has been made by proposing a scheme to overcome the critical security issue in MANET. The insufficiency of security considerations in the design of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol makes it vulnerable to the threats of collaborative black hole attacks, where hacker nodes attack the data packets and drop them instead of forwarding. To secure mobile ad hoc networks from collaborative black hole attacks, we implement our scheme and considered sensor's energy as a key feature with a better packet delivery ratio, less delay time and high throughput. The proposed scheme has offered an improved solution to diminish collaborative black hole attacks with high performance and benchmark results as compared to the existing schemes EDRIAODV and DRIAODV respectively. This paper has shown that throughput and packet delivery ratio increase while the end to end delay decreases as compared to existing schemes. It also reduces the overall energy consumption and network traffic by maintaining accuracy and high detection rate which is more safe and reliable for future work.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2014

MANET has various types of attacks. In particular, routing attacks using characteristics of movement of nodes and wireless communication is the most threatening because all nodes which configure network perform a function of router which forwards packets. Therefore, mechanisms that detect routing attacks and defense must be applied. In this paper, we proposed hierarchical structure attack detection techniques in order to improve the detection ability against routing attacks. Black hole detection is performed using PIT for monitoring about control packets within cluster and packet information management on the cluster head. Flooding attack prevention is performed using cooperation-based distributed detection technique by member nodes. For this, member node uses NTT for information management of neighbor nodes and threshold whether attack or not receives from cluster head. The performance of attack detection could be further improved by calculating at regular intervals threshold considering the total traffic within cluster in the cluster head.