• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2000

As described here, most recently developed methods for improving reproduction performance of domesticated animals such as cattle, swine and chicken have been considered to be also usable for restoring some sorts of endangered and/or extinct wild animals in the very near future. Especially, the techniques for in vitro storage of gametes obtained from dead animals shortly after the death, probably 24 h following the sacrifice are also available for obtaining some of experimental specimens. In case of the endangered animals, nobody will be allowed to use any tissues from the living animals, therefore, e.g., the use of skin tissues from these bodies is another possibility of restoring the living animals. Regarding the use of skin tissues, the most highly usable tools must be the cloning techniques for reviving rare cells from the living body. Most possible techniques for cloning cells is nuclear transfer from rare species to highly relative species, and this is the case of germ cells, e.g., primordial germ cells (PGCs) of avian species. One of the possibilities is the nuclear transfer of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) to the PGCs of chicken, resulting in the PGCs with transferred nucleus from the ibis. In mammalian species, the same procedure as in the case of birds would be successful, e.g., the removed nucleus from Giant Pandas will be transferred to the cell, such as somatic cells or germ cells from black bears or lesser pandas, leading to the production of transnucleared cells in the body of female black bears. These two cases are most promising techniques for reviving endangered animals in the world, particularly in Asian countries, mainly in China. As a conclusion, possible production of cloned animals carrying transnucleared cells from endangered animals, such as Giant Pandas and Crested Ibis, may be reproduced gradually in the near future. Scientists are, therefore, required to convert the paradigm from domestic animals to wild animals, including endangered and/or extinct animals on the earth.

• 기술사
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• 제5권19호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1972

1. Purposes and importances of the study. In gaining heating resources by combustion of briquette, which is the necessaries of every day's life, victims occur from poisonous affection of combustion gas (carbon mono-oxide) in every year and this gas attributable to increase death rate proportion to the high demand of briquette usage. It arise great problem ill point of national sanitation. Therefore, the study has a big aim to accomplish depressing CO gas or stimulating comlete combustion by both the methods of physical improvement of present combustion devices and chemical improvement by using V$_2$O$\sub$5/ catalyst to depress CO gas or fasten complete combustion Progress. Sucessful result of this study will not only to decrease the death rate but also to contribute fearless handling of briquette combustion so as to perform improving public Welfare. 2. Contents and scope of study. A. comparison of present and improved fuel hole device. B. Examination of effectness of improved elements. C. Effectness of miffed usage of catalyst. D. Comparison of Catalyst effectness. E. Examination of effectness of black slate containing V$_2$O$\sub$5/. 3. Results and recommendations of the study A. Absolute necessity of supplying secondary air by improved combustion device. B. Oxide Vanadium (V$_2$O$\sub$5/) has the greatest effectness to eliminate CO gas. C. Most effective catalyst of V$_2$O$\sub$5/ containing slate comes from "Samgoe" coal mine. D. By plastering catalyst on the cover plate of fire hole, it stimulate chemical reaction of re-combustion and preserving heat. E. Recommend to continute further precise study to practice with low-cost and handy devices to be applied the study results.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2006

Graffiti has been recognized as an art form since the influence of free, black culture and Neo-Expressionism in the 1980s, though Graffiti remains the subject of controversy both inside and outside the school Modem Art. Jean Michel Basquiat is the most famous Graffiti artist of the '80. He was regarded as the genius and star of American art, leaving a lot of experimental and creative works during his short, 9-year, creative period. In his works, Basquiat well expressed the isolated and dark shadows in the U.S., the pursuit of self identification, the purpose of expression and the epochally social phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting. To achieve this purpose, we present a lot of fashion painting works which apply Jean Michel Basquiat's Graffiti by focusing on autographic experience, racialism, cartoon themes, monely value, and anatomical death in the characteristics of Basquiat's works. Through this process, we can express and apply Basquiat's Graffiti to fashion painting by analogizing the themes and modeling the methods of his works, such as childish and simple features, intentionally wrong spellings and sentences, and symbols of death including skeletons, intestines, bones and teeth. In addition, Basquiat's techniques are examined in this study, including the representational handling of a brush, primitive and strong colors, and maximized shape. This study found that fashion painting can juxtaposes art and fashion by expressing Jean Michel Basquiats' Graffiti.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

Prupose: The purpose of this study was to identify signs and symptoms of hospice patients during their dying processes. Method: The subjects of this study were 76 patients who received hospice care services in 2 different hospice care programs in Seoul area. Data was obtained from January, 1999 to June, 2001 by hospice nurse's observation, interviews with patient's primary caregiver and hospice volunteers, patient's self report, nursing records and questionnaires which had been developed by selecting from various references and refining them based on the result of preliminay studies. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS PC+ program and content analysis. Results: Mean lengths of hospice patient's dying process were 3.6 days. Physical signs and symptoms of hospice patients during their dying processes were 'increased sleep'(89.5%), 'decreased oral intake of food'(88.2%) and 'liquids'(86.8%), 'change of respiration'(82.9%), 'decreased urine output'(80.3%), 'cold extremities'(69.7%), 'death rattle'(67.1%), 'cyanosis'(57.9%), 'restlessness'(55.3%), etc. And psychological, spiritual and social signs and symptoms were 'decreased interpersonal relationships'(61.8%), 'panorama of memories from childhood'(60.5%), 'experiences as like hallucination'(56.5%), 'saying bye with family'(69.7%), 'forgiveness', 'make a will', etc. Experiences as like hallucination were seemed not as dream but reality were shown by 43 dying patients. They had experienced to see and to talk with their deceased mother(18.6%) and/or relatives(30.2%), angels(20.9%), heaven(11.6%), old house in which they had lived, someone from the world beyond with black clothes, etc. Conclusion: The above results indicate that death of hospice patients is ongoing process with dying signs and symptoms during several days contains not only in physical aspects but also among psychological, spiritual and social aspects including family dynamics.

• 복식
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2014

This research aims to identify and analyze the expression elements and features of Goth style observed in clothing of unique characters in movies directed by Tim Burton, and to build the database on diverse features movie costumes, so that such data can be used to develop new fashion design. The research-classified features of Goth style into romanticism overturns Satanism, grief, and sensuality. The results are as follow; First, Goth expressed romanticism by reminding the gloom and fear of medieval times through the image of clowns, medieval knights, werewolves and vampires. Second, The costumes in Tim Burton's movies overthrew the rules in reality using flexible changes, ambiguity of gender, distorted human beings, half-man-half-beasts, and ghost images. Furthermore, the positive expression on characters in gloomy and fearful costumes showed the overturn of common idea and value system in a society. Third, Tim Burton created fear using the image of a live dead body, shape of a devil, shape of death. Also, accessories suddenly changed into arms in his movies. He expressed Satanism by positively describing satanic shapes and shapes meaning death. Next, characters in Tim Burton's movies are mainly losers, aliens or outsiders. Sorrow, alienation and darkness inside them expressed the sadness through embodiment of mean animals in darkness, masks, veils and extreme black costumes. Finally, Sensuality was rarely shown in Tim Burton's movies, but expressed in various ways including pursuit of new beauty in excessive exposure, skintight silhouette, suggestion on sexualized violence and frightfulness.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 망막색소상피층에 색소가 존재하는 mouse에서 청색광으로 인해 광수용세포 손상이 일어날 수 있는지 확인하고, 광수용세포 중 특이적 세포에서 세포사멸이 유도되는지 조사하여 청색광에 의해 야기될 수 있는 연령관련 황반변성의 기전 규명과 치료제 개발에 도움이 되고자 진행되었다. 방법: C57black mice를 24시간 암순응 시켜 463 nm의 청색광을 $2800{\pm}10lux$로 조사한 후 1일, 3일, 7일째에 안구를 적출하였다. 청색광의 자극은 GFAP(Glial fibrillary acidic protein)단백질의 발현을 이용하여 확인하였고, 광수용세포의 세포사멸은 TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling)을 사용하여 분석하였다. Western blotting으로 ERK(Extracellular signal-regulated kinases), c-JUN, SRC(Sarcoma) 단백질 발현을 확인하였고, 막대세포와 원뿔세포의 손상 정도를 비교하기 위해 면역염색으로 분석하였다. 결과: 청색광을 조사한 후 1, 3, 7일이 지난 망막은 대조군 보다 전체적으로 두께가 감소하였고, 각 얼기층보다 핵층에서 두께 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 청색광을 조사한 후 1일 지난 Muller glia에서 GFAP 단백질이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. TUNEL 염색에서는 청색광을 조사한 후 1일 지난 망막의 광수용세포에서 가장 많은 발현을 보였다. 세포사멸 기전 과정 중 하나임을 확인하기 위해 ERK, c-JUN, SRC 단백질 활성을 확인한 결과 청색광을 조사한 망막에서 phosphorylated ERK는 증가하였고 phosphorylated SRC는 조사 후 1일에서만 증가를 나타내었으며, 반대로 phosphorylated c-JUN은 조사 후 1일에서만 감소하였다. 청색광을 조사한 망막에서 막대세포 발색단인 로돕신과 원뿔세포의 발색단인 옵신이 감소하였으며, 옵신의 감소량은 로돕신의 감소량보다 큰 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구는 청색광이 망막에 손상자극을 주고, ERK와 SRC 신호전달과 관련하여 광수용세포의 세포사멸을 일으킬 수 있으며 청색광이 광수용세포 중 원뿔세포의 세포사멸을 직접적으로 유도하여 망막 손상을 야기할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2005

2002년 6월에 서해안의 태안군 남면 달산3리에 위치한 약 20ha의 곰솔림내 27개소에서 각 개소당 평균 10나무씩 무리를 지어 합계 294그루가 고사한 상태로 발견되었다. 2002년 6월부터 2004년 8월까지 4개 고정조사구에서 죽거나 죽어가고 있는 나무의 상태와 피해지에서 발생하고 있는 파상땅해파리버섯의 위치를 조사한 결과, 1) 피해목이 최초 고사목 발생장소로부터 불규칙 동심원을 이루면서 확산양상을 보이고 있으며, 2) 파상땅해파리버섯이 죽은 나무의 주변에서 집중적으로 발생하고, 3) 나무를 고사시킬 수 있는 해충이나 병원체가 발견되지 않아이 지역에서의 나무집단고사는 리지나뿌리썩음병원균(Rhizina undulate)에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 피해지토양의 이화학적 특성에 대한 조사결과, 피해지 토양의 pH는 $4.6\~5.79$이었으며, 토양양료수준도 대단히 낮은 상태이었다. 태안 피해지에서는 리지나뿌리썩음병 발생의 중요한 유인인자로 알려져 있는 모닥불 등 '불'을 사용한 흔적이 발견되지 않았으므로 본 병해 발생과 관련된 다양한 환경적 유인에 대한 정밀검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.661-667
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• 2023

시판 중인 식용 감미료 5종류는 자당을 대체할 수 있는 물질이기에 다이어트 제품으로 사용된다. 동물과 인체에 끼치는 영향에 관한 연구에서 동물세포의 특징 실험으로 배출 중심 연구를 하여 안정성을 입증해왔고 적은 양의 축적은 무시해왔다. 반면에 식물은 외부 물질을 흡수하여 분해하거나 축적하는 물질대사 작용을 하기에 식물체를 사용하여 분해 가능성과 축적 가능성의 효과를 연구할 수 있다. 발아된 보리와 콩나물을 사용하여 시판 중인 사카린과에이스셜팜 칼륨(에이스 K)의 식물 체내에서 물질대사 영향을 조사하였다. 발아된 보리와 콩나물 성장에서 사카린과 에이스 K 는 식물 성장에 대한 저해 효과를 잎, 줄기, 뿌리에서 저 농도에서부터 모든 기관에서 공통으로 나타났다. 또 시간이 지남에 따라 사멸하는 증상이 명확하게 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있어서 식물 체내에 축적된다고 볼 수 있다. 축적된 양이 증가함에 따라 독성효과가 증가하여 식물이 물질대사를 하지 못하는 상태에 이르러 잎 끝부분부터 검정으로 변색하여지고 사멸상태에 이른다. 축적된 인공감미료를 제거하기 위해서 증류수에서 배양하여 회생 가능성을 시도하였지만 분해되지 않는 물질로 작용하고, 독성을 피하지 못하고 사멸된다. 이것은 사카린과 에이스 K는 세포 내에서 배출하지 못한다. 독성효과가 계속 되어서 성장을 억제하고 결국에는 세포를 사멸하게 한다고 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

Severe wilt disease epidemic was found on winter daphnes (Daphne odora Thunb.) cultivated in farmers, nurseries in Suncheon, Jeonnam in 2003. Typical symptoms appeared on the leaves of winter daphne as yellowish wilts and turned brown from the lower leaves on the same plant. Severely infected leaves were defoliated, resulting in blight of stems and eventual death of the entire plant. Black decayed vascular tissues were distinctly observed in a wilted plant. Fusarium sp. was isolated from the diseased plants repeatedly and its pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation on healthy plants. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of the morphological and cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar and carnation leaf agar. The optimum temperature for fungal growth was around $25{\circ}C$ and the fungal growth was inhibited by metconazole, triflumizole and trifloxystrobin on potato dextrose agar. This is the first report on the wilt disease of winter daphnes caused by F.oxysporum in Korea.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2012

The Purpose of this study is to examine the inner symbolic meaning of the revenge movies, forcing on , , by producer Chan-Wook Park. This study was analyzed with theoretical frames of Greimas's and Lacan's desire theory. The results of this study is as follows: Main characters of these films were tangled each their with love, desire, angry, hate and revenge. They also had desires and needs of revenge caused by deficiency. These films represented blue as sorrow, depression, frigidness, loneliness and deficiency, red as love, desire, angry, hate and revenge, black as strong will, till-eat, death, violence and bloody-mindedness and white as forgiveness, expiation and salvation. The function of colors in conveying meaning was very effected to analyzing the visual power implications and psychological effects on human feelings that colors have in the movie.