• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8937-8939
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to determine results of high prostate specific antigen (PSA) or abnormal digital rectal examination driven prostate biopsies performed in our Department in men aged 75 or more and to show the characteristics of pathology results. The hospital records of the patients who had high PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination driven prostate biopsy in two common university based research hospitals have been reviewed retrospectively. Patients aged 75 years or older at the date of biopsy whose records provided pathology results and full medical history were evaluated for the study. A total of 103 patients were evaluated with a mean age of $79.4{\pm}3.4years$. More than half of the patients (55.1%) were in their seventh decade and the rest were in the eighth decade. Median PSA value was 15.0 (range 2.1-4500) ng/ml. In most of the biopsies (67%), PSA levels were lower than 20 ng/ml. In almost half of the patients (48%), digital rectal examination was abnormal. In 68.9% of the patients, there were at least one or more associated co-morbid diseases. Gleason scores were 7 or higher in 73%, and 8 or higher in 37% of the patients with prostate cancer. Four of the 70 (6%) patients had bone metastases. Castrations were applied to most of the patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (%79). High percentage of high grade (Gleason 7 or more) prostate adenocarcinoma in the elderly refutes the perception of prostate cancer in this age group as clinically insignificant. Therefore, it is to be kept in mind that prostate cancer in the elderly an be clinically significant and prostate biopsies are to be performed when necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3519-3524
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• 2014

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2007

목 적 : 이식신 생검은 이식신 기능 이상의 원인, 거부반응의 정도, 예후 등을 확인하는데 도움이 된다. 그러나 이식신의 조직학적 변화가 신피질에 고르게 분포하지 않는 경우를 흔히 보게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 이식신 생검에서의 잠재적인 표본추출의 오류를 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법 : 569개의 이식신 생검 표본 중에서 Banff criteria에 준하는 급성 거부반응을 보이고 있으며, 신피막부터 수질까지의 전 층을 포함하고 있는 신생검 표본 26개를 조사하였다. Banff criteria를 변형하여 조직의 변화를 간질성 염증(0-3+), 부종(0-3+), 요세관간질염(0-3+)으로 구분하여 급성거부반응의 등급을 표면 피질, 깊은 피질과 피질에 근접한 수질층 각각을 비교하여 조직학적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 간질성 염증(P=0.019), 부종(P=0.023), 요세관 거부등급(P=0.019)에서 깊은 피질에서 표면 피질에 비해 급성 거부반응의 정도가 심하였다. 결론 : 이식신의 급성 거부반응을 진단하기 위하여 신생검을 실시 할 경우 깊은 피질이 포함되지 않으면 급성 거부반응을 과소 평가 할 수 있으므로 주의해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 삼중요법의 효과를 알아보기 위해 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 것으로 판명된 7두의 개를 대상으로 amoxicillin, metronidazole을 14일간 경구투여하였다. 삼중요법 실시에 따른 Helicobacter 균속 감염상태 변화를 평가하기 위해 투여 7일째, 14일째 그리고 투여 중지후 30일째의 위생검 조직에 대한 요소검사, Helicobacter 균속에 대한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사와 함께 분변시료를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사를 실시하였다. 삼중요법 14일째 위생검 조직의 요소검사에서는 7두중 6두가 음성이었으나 위생검조직과 분변시료의 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서는 각각 3두와 4두만이 음성이었다. 삼중요법 중지후 30일째 검사에서는 각 검사법이 모두 동일한 결과를 나타내었는데 7두중 3두에서 음성으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 amoxicillin, metronidazole과 omeprazole을 이용한 삼중요법은 Helicobacter 균속 감염 정도를 낮추거나 때로는 완전 박멸할 수 있을 것으로 보여지기에 만성위염의 임상증상을 나타내는 개의 Helicobacter 균속 감염증에 적용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2012

Purpose: Several parameters have been described for determining the success or failure of dental implants. The surface properties of transgingival implant components have had a great impact on the long-term success of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to compare the tendency of two periodontal pathogens to adhere to and colonize zirconia abutments and titanium alloys both in hard surfaces and soft tissues. Methods: Twelve patients participated in this study. Three months after implant placement, the abutments were connected. Five weeks following the abutment connections, the abutments were removed, probing depth measurements were recorded, and gingival biopsies were performed. The abutments and gingival biopsies taken from the buccal gingiva were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the DNA copy numbers of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and total bacteria. The surface free energy of the abutments was calculated using the sessile water drop method before replacement. Data analyses used the Mann Whitney U-test, and P-values below 0.05 find statistical significance. Results: The present study showed no statistically significant differences between the DNA copy numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and total bacteria for both the titanium and zirconia abutments and the biopsies taken from their buccal gingiva. The differences between the free surface energy of the abutments had no influence on the microbiological findings. Conclusions: Zirconia surfaces have comparable properties to titanium alloy surfaces and may be suitable and safe materials for the long-term success of dental implants.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2009

목적: 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사법은 헬리코박터 파이로리 감염의 진단에 있어서 빠르고 신뢰성 높은 검사이다. 그러나 내시경을 통한 위점막의 생검이 필요할 뿐 아니라 국내의 의료보험에서는 위암 환자에 대해 급여 인정이 되지 않는 제한점이 있다. 따라서 저자들은 대체 방법으로 위절제술 직후 생검된 위점막 검체를 이용하여 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사를 시행하였고 이를 소개하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 위절제술을 시행 받은 위선암 환자들 중 90명을 대상으로 헬리코박터 파이로리에 대한 IgG 항체 검사를 시행하였으며, 위절제술 직후 위전정부와 위체부 각각에서 점막 생검을 하여 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사 키트에 고정한 후 24시간 이내에 색깔변화를 통해 양성 여부를 판독하였다. 본 연구에서는 면역 혈청학적 검사에서 양성이거나 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사에서 양성인 경우 헬리코박터 파이로리 감염이 있다고 정의하였다. 결과: 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사와 면역 혈청학적 검사에서 양성인 경우가 각각 91.1%와 77.8%였다. 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사의 민감도, 특이도, 양성 예측률, 음성 예측률은 94.3%, 100%, 100%, 37.5%였으며, 면역 혈청학적 검사는 80.5%, 100%, 100%, 15%로 나타났다. 신속 요소 분해 효소검사의 정확도는 94.4%로 면역 혈청학적 검사의 81.1%보다 높았다. 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사의 헬리코박터 파이로리 감염 진단률이 면역 혈청학적 검사보다 더 높았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 위선암 환자에서 위절제술 후 생검된 위점막 검체를 이용한 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사법은 문헌상에 보고된 통상적인 신속 요소 분해 효소 검사법의 진단률과 대등하였다. 따라서 위절제술을 시행 받는 환자에서 헬리코박터 파이로리 감염의 대체 검사법으로 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.542-547
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• 1996

연세대학교 영동세브란스병원에서는 1992년 1월부터 1995년 8월까지 순수히 진단적 목적으로 비 디 오 홍강경 수술을 시 행 한 환자들을 대 상으로 진단율, 수술시 간, 수술후 통증, 함병 증 등을 분석 하고자 하였다. 환자는 총 111명으로 남자가 57명, 여자가 54명이었으며 나이는 1세부터 74세까지로 평균연령은 49세 였다. 비디오흥강경수술을 하게된 원$\circledcirc$은 대부분이 타 방법으로 조직학적 진단이 내려지지 않은 경우 였으며 일부는 기관지 내시경이나 침흡입생검으로 폐암진단을 받은 환자에서 병기설정 및 수술대상을 감별하기 위하여 실시한 경우도 있었다. 111명의 환자중 17명은 1개이상 부위에서 생검을 실시하여 총 128예의 조직생검술을 시행하였다. 늑 막 생 검 49예, 폐 생 검 43예, 종격동 림프절생 검은 33예, 심막 2예, 횡 격막 1예가 있었으며 늑막생검 12예 와 폐생검 1례는 국소마취하에 수술을 하였고 나머지는 전신마취하에 수술을 하였다. 폐생 검 환자들의 나이는 22~73세로 평균 49.1세 였으며 수술시간은 40~ 170분으로 평균 97분이 었다. 수술후 통증은 평가하기가 어려워 수술후 투여한 근육주사의 횟수로 비교하였으며 폐생검후 0~22회로 평균 4.7회 투여하였고 흥관의 제거는 1~ 26일 사이로 평균 7일만에 제거하였다. 폐생검후 2명을 제외한 전 예에서 진단이 가능하였으며 합병증으로는 수술중에 I명이 발작성 심방성 빈맥증이 발생하였고 7명 에서 개흥수술을 시 행하였으며 흥관과 관련된 합병증이 7명 에서 발생하였다. 늑막생검은 나이가 17~74세로 평균 49.0세 였으며 수술시간은 25~80분으로 평균 49분이었다. 수술 후 통증제거 목적으로 0~ 20회까지 (평균 3.6회) 근주하였으며 흉관은 0~67일로 평균 9.8일후에 제거하 였다. 진단은 전 예에서 가능하였으며 7일이상 흥관제거를 못한 합병증이 11예 있었다. 종격동 림프절 생검은 나이가 1~ 68세 사이로 평균 44.2세였으며 수술시간은 30~335분으로 평균 105 분이 었다. 통증으로 평균 3.2회(range 0~ 15회) 근주하였으며 흥관은 1~36일로 평균 6.1일만에 제거하 였다. 조직진단은 1명 에서 불확실하였으며 4명이 개흥수술을 하였고 7명이 7일 이후에 흥관제거가 가능 하였다. 1개 이상부위에서 조직검사를 시행한 환자들의 나이는 20~71세로 평균 53.떼였으며 시간은 15~ 165분으로 평균 소요시간은 85분이었다. 통증은 0-17 막\ulcorner평균 3.1회였으며 흥관은 1~ 16일로 평 f 7.9일만에 제거가 가능하였다. 이와같은 결과로 보아 진단적 목적의 비디오 흥강경 수술은 합병증이 적으면서 높은 진단율을 보이며 많은 환자에서 개흥술 없이 시행할 수 있는 좋은 진단방법으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1136-1145
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• 2015

The diverse microbial communities that colonize distinct segments of the gastrointestinal tract are intimately related to aspects of physiology and the pathology of human health. However, most recent studies have focused on the rectal or fecal microbiota, and the microbial signature of the duodenum is poorly studied. In this study, we compared the microbiota in duodenal and rectal samples to illustrate the characteristic microbial signatures of the duodenum in healthy adults. Nine healthy volunteers donated biopsies and luminal contents from the duodenum and rectum. To determine the composition and diversity of the microbiota, 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA was performed and multiple bioinformatics analyses were applied. The α-diversity and phylogenetic diversity of the microbiota in the duodenal samples were higher than those of the rectal samples. There was higher biodiversity among the microbiota isolated from rectal biopsies than feces. Proteobacteria were more highly represented in the duodenum than in the rectum, both in the biopsies and in the luminal contents from the healthy volunteers (38.7% versus 12.5%, 33.2% versus 5.0%, respectively). Acinetobacter and Prevotella were dominant in the duodenum, whereas Bacteroides and Prevotella were dominant in the rectum. Additionally, the percentage of OTUs shared in biopsy groups was far higher than in the luminal group (43.0% versus 26.8%) and a greater number of genera was shared among the biopsies than the luminal contents. Duodenal samples demonstrated greater biological diversity and possessed a unique microbial signature compared with the rectum. The mucosa-associated microbiota was more relatively conserved than luminal samples.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2020

Objective : Hyperostosis in meningiomas can be present in 4.5% to 44% of cases. Radical resection should include aggressive removal of invaded bone. It is not clear however to what extent bone removal should be carried to achieve pathologically free margins, especially that in many cases, there is a T2 hyperintense signal that extends beyond the hyperostotic bone. In this study we try to investigate the perimeter of tumour cells outside the visible nidus of hyperostotic bone and to what extent they are present outside this nidus. This would serve as an initial step for setting guidelines on dealing with hyperostosis in meningioma surgery. Methods : This is a prospective case series that included 14 patients with convexity meningiomas and hyperostosis during the period from March 2017 to August 2018 in two university hospitals. Patients demographics, clinical, imaging characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and analysed. In all cases, all visible abnormal bone was excised bearing in mind to also include the hyperintense diploe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 weighted images after careful preoperative assessment. To examine bony tumour invasion, five marked bone biopsies were taken from the craniotomy flap for histopathological examinations. These include one from the centre of hyperostotic nidus and the other four from the corners at a 2-cm distance from the margin of the nidus. Results : Our study included five males (35.7%) and nine females (64.3%) with a mean age of 43.75 years (33-55). Tumor site was parietal in seven cases (50%), fronto-parietal in three cases (21.4%), parieto-occipital in two cases (14.2%), frontal region in one case and bicoronal (midline) in one case. Tumour pathology revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I in seven cases (50%), atypical meningioma (WHO II) in five cases (35.7%) and anaplastic meningioma (WHO III) in two cases (14.2%). In all grade I and II meningiomas, bone biopsies harvested from the nidus revealed infiltration with tumour cells while all other bone biopsies from the four corners (2 cm from nidus) were free. In cases of anaplastic meningiomas, all five biopsies were positive for tumour cells. Conclusion : Removal of the gross epicentre of hyperostotic bone with the surrounding 2 cm is adequate to ensure radical excision and free bone margins in grade I and II meningiomas. Hyperintense signal change in MRI T2 weighted images, even beyond visible hypersototic areas, doesn't necessarily represent tumour invasion.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1579-1586
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), and compare it with the 2016 version of K-TIRADS using the Thyroid Imaging Network of Korea. Materials and Methods: Between June and September 2015, 5708 thyroid nodules (≥ 1.0 cm) from 5081 consecutive patients who had undergone thyroid ultrasonography at 26 institutions were retrospectively evaluated. We used a biopsy size threshold of 2 cm for K-TIRADS 3 and 1 cm for K-TIRADS 4 (modified K-TIRADS 1) or 1.5 cm for K-TIRADS 4 (modified K-TIRADS 3). The modified K-TIRADS 2 subcategorized the K-TIRADS 4 into 4A and 4B, and the cutoff sizes for the biopsies were defined as 1 cm for K-TIRADS 4B and 1.5 cm for K-TIRADS 4A. The diagnostic performance and the rate of unnecessary biopsies of the modified K-TIRADS for detecting malignancy were compared with those of the 2016 K-TIRAD, which were stratified by nodule size (with a threshold of 2 cm). Results: A total of 1111 malignant nodules and 4597 benign nodules were included. The sensitivity, specificity, and unnecessary biopsy rate of the benign nodules were 94.9%, 24.4%, and 60.9% for the 2016 K-TIRADS; 91.0%, 39.7%, and 48.6% for the modified K-TIRADS 1; 84.9%, 45.9%, and 43.5% for the modified K-TIRADS 2; and 76.1%, 50.2%, and 40.1% for the modified K-TIRADS 3. For small nodules (1-2 cm), the diagnostic sensitivity of the modified K-TIRADS decreased by 5.2-25.6% and the rate of unnecessary biopsies reduced by 19.2-32.8% compared with those of the 2016 K-TIRADS (p < 0.001). For large nodules (> 2 cm), the modified K-TIRADSs maintained a very high sensitivity for detecting malignancy (98%). Conclusion: The modified K-TIRADSs significantly reduced the rate of unnecessary biopsies for small (1-2 cm) nodules while maintaining a very high sensitivity for malignancy for large (> 2 cm) nodules.