• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2018

The changes on community structures of benthic macroinvertebrates, relevance to the environment and interrelationship between benthos were studied over two years in stream with large environmental disturbance, which caused by localized heavy rain during Typhoon Chaba in October 2016. As a result, the number of species and individuals were increased after localized heavy rain, especially numbers of individuals of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera were greatly increased. On the contrary, those of Semisulcospira libertina and Semisulcospira forticosta of Mesogastropoda were greatly decreased. Dominant species was Baetis fuscatus of Ephemeroptera, numbers of species and individuals of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera(EPT group) were dramatically increased from 26 species, 110 individuals to 32 species, 365 individuals respectively. This suggests that the change of river bed and flow velocity due to heavy rain provided a suitable environment for the EPT group that preferred the rift of a stream. In the functional feeding group, only gathering collectors and filtering collectors were identified in autumn of 2017 because some functional groups preferentially adapted to the changed environment. The interspecific competition and environmental condition were the worst in autumn after heavy rain due to the increase individuals of some species. The ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community(ESB) was higher after the heavy rain than before. Results of the Group Pollution Index(GPI), Korean Saprobic Index(KSI) and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index(BMI) were similar to those before and after heavy rainfall. Therefore, ESB was the most discriminating method for estimating the biological water quality in this study. Some species that are sensitive to water quality changes still appear or increase individuals in the area under investigation after the heavy rain. On the other hand, the individuals of some pollutant species decreased. This is thought to be because the habitat fluctuation caused by heavy rainfall has improved the water environment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2006

Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. are used in folk medicine as common cold, sore throat, headache and skin infection in Korea, China and Japan. To compare the contents of domestic and Chinese Schizonepeta tenuifolia quantitative HPLC analysis was performed using a Luna $C_{18}$ column $(4.6{\times}250\;mm,\;5{\mu}m)$, with 1 ml/min of flow rate of 0.01% formic acid in water : acetonitrile = 50 : 50 under UV 254 nm of detector. Pulegone was detected at retention time of about 17.14 min.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.414-424
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• 2009

본 연구는 2008년 6월부터 2009년 3월까지 남한강 지류인 복하천과 달천의 이화학적 수질 및 부착규조를 이용한 생물학적 수질평가를 하였다. 그 결과 복하천은 영양염의 총인이 $0.041{\sim}0.886\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$ 총질소가 $0.336{\sim}10.532\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$의 범위로 매우 높게 나타났으며, BOD의 농도도 일부지점을 제외하고 $2{\sim}5\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$의 범위로 수질이 다소 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 달천은 하류 정점 및 일부 지점을 제외하고 총인이 $0.06\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이하, 총 질소가 $2.0\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이하, BOD가 $2.0\;mg\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이하로 수질이 매우 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 복하천과 달천 총 12개 정점에서 출현한 부착규조류는 총 98분류군으로 2목 2아목 8과 22속 85종 13변종이 출현하였으며, 복하천이 총 67분류군, 달천이 78분류군 출현 하였다. 생물학적 수질평가 결과 복하천은 대부분 $\alpha$-중부수성이고, TDI 80 이상으로 오염이 심각한 것으로 나타났으며, 달천은 하류를 제외한 전 정점에서 극빈부수성 및 $\alpha$-중부수성, TDI 50 이하로 생물학적 수질이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과 DAIpo와 TDI의 상관성이 상관계수 0.83로 높게 나타났으며, 수질이 양호한 하천일수록 이화학적 수질평가와 생물학적 수질평가의 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 DAIpo보다 넓은 범위의 규조류를 대상으로 하는 TDI지수가 안정적인 결과를 도출하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2009

본 연구는 2008년 11월에 마산저수지를 대상으로 어류 종조성 및 섭식길드 및 오염내성길드에 따른 생태지표 특성을 분석하고, 이와 연관된 화학적 수질 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 12종(6과)으로 나타났고, 주요 우점종은 피라미, 치리, 참붕어 등으로 나타났다. 한국 고유종은 3종만이 출현하였으며, 외래도입종은 떡붕어 1종이 출현하였다. 생태지표 특성 분석에 따르면, 내성종 및 잡식종의 상대풍부도는 각각 98%로 단연 우점하는 것으로 나타나, 이화학적 질적저하 및 물리적 서식지 교란요인에 의한 영향을 반영하고 있었다. 호안에 따른 종분포 특성 분석 결과, 정수식물이 발달한 호안에서 대부분의 어류가 95% 이상이 채집된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 하상 기질 특성에 따른 분석 결과, 뻘(Silt)로 된 구간에서 가장 많은 종 (11종, 91.7%)이 채집되어, 하상기질에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이고 있었다. 화학적 수질자료 분석에 따르면, 호수 영양상태 지표인 총인(TP) 및 Chl-a의 농도는 모두 과영양상태인 것으로 나타났으며, 호수의 유기물오염의 지표로 사용되는 COD도 평균 10.9 mg $L^{-1}$로 나타났다. 마산저수지의 이러한 수질저하는 어류의 섭식구조(잡식종의 증가) 및 내성종의 증가 등을 통해 반영되었다. 향후 마산저수지의 어류상 및 어류 종조성이 향상을 위해서 수질 개선 및 서식지 복원이 펼요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1249-1256
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 안동호의 수질이 수심에 따른 식물플랑크톤 군집에 어떠한 변화를 미치는가에 대해 이해하는 연구의 일환으로 안동호의 2개 지점(서부리, 댐축)에서 6회 시료 채취 및 조사를 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 안동호의 수질의 경우 수온은 수심 1 m와 수심 4 m는 계절에 따라 다소 변화가 나타나고 있지만, 수심 7 m의 경우에는 계절의 변화와는 크게 관계없이 일정한 범위 내에서 유지되고 있다. DO는 수심 1 m와 수심 4 m는 비슷한 수치를 나타내고 있지만, 수심 7 m는 수온이 낮아지면서 DO는 증가하였다. pH와 탁도는 모든 수심(수심 1 m, 수심 4 m, 수심 7 m)에서 일정한 수치를 나타내고 있고, SiO2-Si는 수심과는 커다란 연관성 없었으며, Chl-a는 수심이 깊어질수록 그 수치가 낮아지고 있다. 따라서 수심이 깊어질수록 DO, pH, SiO2-Si, Chl-a의 수치가 수심 1 m에 비해 조금씩 낮아지고 있으며, 변화의 폭도 크게 나타났다. 안동호에서 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 모두 59종류였고, 녹조강이 25종류(43%), 남조강이 17종류(29%), 규조강이 10종류(17%), 은편모조강이 3종류(5%), 시누라조강과 와편모조강이 각각 2종류(3%)가 출현하였다. 우점종은 녹조강의 Elakatothrix gelatinosa (8월 23일), Eutetramorus fottii (8월 23일 및 9월 28일) 남조강의 Aphanizomenon cf. flos-aquae (8월 16일), Microcystis aeruginosa (모든 조사기간), Aphanocapsa delicatissima (10월 27일), 규조강의 Cyclotella stelligera (10월 13일), Cyclotella sp. (10월 13일 및 10월 27일), Synedra acus (8월 16일)였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2013

Physico-chemical water quality parameters and the phytoplankton communities from 12 sites in Oship-stream, Songchunstream, and Namdae-stream, located Gyeongsangbukdo Uljin-gun, Yeongdeok-gun, and Pyeonghae-eup respectively, were investigated from April 2009 to February 2010. Oship-stream, which is an open estuary, was easily affected by ocean current compared to that of Songchun-stream and Namdae-stream. OS3 and OS4 conductivity was higher with a season average of 3,397 ${\mu}s/cm$. The streams were mesotrophic to hypertrophic. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was about 3mg/L, which was level 2 on the water quality ratings, but a concentration of 5mg/L in April 2009 indicated increased pollution due to drought. A total of 118, 117, and 124 phytoplankton taxa were found in Oship-stream, Songchun-stream, and Namdae-stream, respectively. The apparent dominant species in the polluted waters included Cryptomonas ovata, Fragilaria construens var. venter, Oscillatoria limnetica, O. limosa, and Phormidium tenue. All of Oship-stream, SC2 and SC4 of Songchun-stream, and ND3 of Namdae-stream were eutrophic as a result of standing crop analysis. BOD was highly correlated with chlorophyll-a content(r=0.52). Phosphorus concentration and proliferation of phytoplankton were thought to most affect BOD concentration in all three streams.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2004

Effect of artificial circulation on amelioration of water quality in Yeoncho Lake was analyzed using summer data between 1991-2002. Two sites, intake tower area where aeration systems are concentrated in and near the inlet of reservoir were selected for comparison in this study. Summer averages between may and september Showed that aeration system might be beneficial in the improvement of water quality of BOD5, COD, and TN while Chl-a concentration and transparency did show opposite pattems. Wilcoxon's singed rank test for matched pair indicated slight increase of BOD5 and COD concentrations in the vicinity of intake tower while other variables did not show any significant differences from data of inlet of reservoir. During the study, it was found that the following subjects need to be investigated for more detailed analysis. 1) Dynamic pollutant loading from outside and inside the lake, 2) Biological, Chemical and Physical lake data when aeration systems are in and not in operation and 3) Radius of influence of aeration system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2004

The combination of biological and physical/chemical technologies is a promising technique to reduce highly concentrated pollutants in livestock wastewater. It is suggested to treat livestock wastewater efficiently as follows: firstly, biodegradable organic matters, nitrogen and some of phosphorus should be removed by a biological treatment process and then residual non-biodegradable organic matters, color and phosphorus be eliminated by physicochemical technologies. In this study, therefore, the integrations of chemical coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, Fenton oxidation and ozonation were evaluated to provide appropriate post-treatment processes for biologically pre-treated livestock wastewater. After chemical coagulation followed by ozonation or Fenton oxidation process, the quality of treated wastewater could meet the discharge limit in Korea. However, a yellowish brown color still remained in the treated wastewater after a single method such as coagulation and Fenton oxidation was applied. The ozonation was found to be the most effective technology for the decolorization. Neither simple biological nor physicochemical treatment provides adequate decolorization and sufficient depletion of organics in livestock wastewater so far. Consequently, the integration of Fenton oxidation and ozonation with a biological treatment process is recommended to treat livestock wastewater in terms of removal efficiency.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.418-434
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• 2010

As concerns regarding water pollution grow, the need increases for a fast and accurate assessment of ecological risk. In this context, many studies have been conducted to identify biomarkers which can sensitively indicate exposure to and effects of various contaminants in a water environment. However, the utility of most such biomarkers in the real water environment is not yet validated. In this paper, we conducted a thorough review of publications that were related to developing or evaluating molecular and biochemical biomarkers of freshwater fish in ecological risk assessment, and evaluated whether these biomarkers of interest could link to the effects on higher biological levels, such as histopathology and above. Biomarkers of interest included those associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, reproduction and endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, and defense against heavy metal exposure. We found that, when used alone, most molecular and biochemical biomarkers are not sufficient to understand the effects of toxic substances in higher biological levels, due to defense or acclimation mechanisms of organisms. Moreover, some biomarkers respond not only to hazardous substances but also to the changes in water quality and disease outbreak. Molecular and biochemical biomarkers may be most useful in understanding the potential biological effects of toxic compounds when used in parallel with relevant endpoints of higher biological levels.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2011

To investigate major factors controlling variations in water quality, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze data sets of 12 parameters measured at 23 sampling stations of Jinhae Bay during winter and spring. Principal component analysis extracted three major factors controlling variations of water quality during winter and spring. In winter, major factors included freshwater input, polluted material input, and biological activity. Whereas in spring they were polluted material input, freshwater input, and suspended material input. The most distinct difference in the controlling factors between winter and spring was that the freshwater input was more important than the polluted material input in winter, but the polluted material input was more important than the freshwater input in spring. Cluster analysis grouped 23 sampling stations into four clusters in winter and five clusters in spring respectively. In winter, the four clusters were A (station 5), B (stations 1, 2), C (station 4), and D (the remaining stations). In spring, the five clusters included A (station 5), B (station 1), C (station 3), D (station 6), and E (the remaining stations). Intensive management of the water quality of Masan and Hangam bays could improve the water quality of Jinhae Bay since the polluted materials were mainly introduced into Jinhae Bay through Masan and Hangam bays.