• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2020

In this study, basic data with respect to the introduction of Hipphophae rhamnoides L. and its cultivation in Korea could be obtained. According to the size of the plug cell tray, Chinese origin's rate of seed germination was relatively high in 128 plug cell tray, and growth was vibrant in 50 plug cell tray. The germination and growth of Russian origin seeds showed that they were relatively effective in 50 plug cell tray and with respect to soil environment, TKS-2 soil with untreated shading relatively promoted both germination and growth for Chinese origin, the rate of germination was high in bed soil for horticulture and growth result was good in TKS-2 in the case of Russian origin. It was confirmed that the germination rate of Chinese origin H. rahmnoides L. was highest in untreated shading and the shoot growth was vibrant in 70% shading while the growth in roots was vibrant in the untreated shading. In the Russian origin, H. rhamnoides L. the germination rate in 30% and 70% shading was about 50% which was higher than that in the untreated shading and general growth was vibrant in 30% shading.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze some influences on ecological health conditions, threaten by various stressors such as physical, chemical and biological parameters. We collected samples in 2008 from three zones of upstream, midstream and downstream, Gap Stream. We applied multi-metric fish assessment index (MFAI), based on biotic integrity model to the three zones along with habitat evaluations based on Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). We also examined fish fauna and compositions, and analyzed relations with MFAI values, QHEI values, and various guild types. Chemical parameters such as oragnic matter (BOD, COD), nutrients (TP, $NH_3$-N), coli-form number (as MPN), and suspended solids (SS) were analyzed to identify the relationship among multiple stressor effects. Using the sentinel species of Zacco platypus, the population structures and condition factors were analyzed along with DNA damages related with genotoxicant effects by comet assay. This study using all these parameters showed that stream condition was degraded along the longitudinal gradient from upstream to downstream, and the downstream, especially, was impacted by nutrient enrichment and toxicant exposure from the point source, wastewater treatment plant. Overall results indicated that our approaches applying various parameters may be used as a cause-effect technique in the stream health assessments and also used as a pre-warning tool for diagnosis of ecological degradation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.64-76
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• 2017

Biolgical activated carbon (BAC) processes are known to effectively remove organic pollutants in raw water, and biomass and attached bacterial species play an important role in removing process. In the present study, changes of bacterial biomass in granular activated carbon (GAC) process according to the depth and operating period were investigated. In addition, changes of bacterial biomass were also confirmed after UV exposure prior to the GAC process. Results from this this study showed that the bacterial biomass was decreased dependently according to the depth of GAC process. In case of UV pre-treatment, the bacterial biomass was declined significantly over the period of operation. However, changes in bacterial community were not shown during operation period without UV pre-treatment process. In conclusion, findings from this study may provide the useful information about the management of BAC process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2015

Two step rapid filter system as a pre-treatment for the injected water into aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in Korea was developed to reduce physical blockage and secure the volume of the injected water. First, single rapid sand filters with three different media sizes (0.4~0.7, 0.7~1.0 and 1.0~1.4 mm) were tested. Only two sizes (0.4~0.7 and 0.7~1.0 mm) satisfied target turbidity, below 1.0 NTU. However, they showed the fast head loss. To prevent the fast head loss and secure the volume of the injected water, a rapid anthracite filter with roughing media size (2.0~3.4 mm) were installed before a single rapid sand filter. As results, both the target turbidity and reduction of head loss were achieved. It was determined that the media size for a rapid sand filter in two step rapid filter system (i.e. a rapid anthracite filter before a rapid sand filter) was 0.7~1.0 mm. In addition, the effects of coagulant doses on the removal of natural organic matter (NOM), which might cause a biological clogging, were preliminarily evaluated, and the values of $UV_{254}$, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SUVA were interpreted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2014

This study assessed the removal efficiency of NOM which is known as the precursors of DBPs in advanced water treatment using the ceramic membrane filtration, introduced the first in the nation at the Y water treatment plant (WTP). It is generally well-known that the removal of NOM by MF Membrane is very low in water treatment process. But, the result of investigation on removal efficiency of NOM in advanced water treatment using the ceramic membrane was different as follows. The removal rate of organic contaminant by the ceramic membrane advanced water treatment was determined to be 65.5% for the DOC, 85.8% for UV254, and 77 to 86% for DBPFP. The removal rate of pre-ozonation was found to be 6 to 15% more effective compared with the pre-chlorination. The removal rate of DOC and $UV_{254}$ in biological activated carbon(BAC) process was over 50% and 75%, respectively although the rate was decreased 10 ~ 20% according to analysis items in converting from GAC to BAC.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 2004

Radiation treatment with gamma-rays and electron-beams was used to remove polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), one of the main components of dyeing wastewater. PVA was effectively decomposed by radiation treatment, thus the removal was near 100 % at an initial PVA concentration of 44 mg/L. However, total organic carbon(TOC) removal was less than 5 % due to lower transformation of PVA to $CO_2$. This directly indicates the radiation treatment alone is not appropriate for the complete decomposition of PVA. In this sense, the improvement of biodegradability($BOD_5/COD$) of PVA by radiation treatment was studied. Both gamma-ray and electron-beam treatments significantly increased the biodegradability of PVA by transforming non-biodegradable PVA to biodegradable by-products. This suggests radiation treatment, especially electron-beam treatment that showed better improvement of biodegradability, can be used as a pre-treatment of biological degradation process of PVA.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2000

Objective : The authors experienced that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) could replace medication for controlling panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety symptoms. The objective of this study was finding out predicting factors of discontinuation of medication after CBT for patients with panic disorder. Method : A hundred forty-eight patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia for at least 3 months had completed 12 weekly sessions of Panic Control Therapy(PCT ; Barlow et al). Eighty-one patients who could discontinue medication and sixty-seven patients who could not discontinue medication were measured with several scales as the pre- and post-treatment aassessment. The scales were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory(STAI-state), Anxiety Sensitivity Index(ASI), Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ), Panic Belief Questionnaire(PBQ), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnaire(ACQ), Fear Questionnaire(FQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS). Results : At the pre-treatment assessment, the scores of BDI, CGI, STAI-state, ACQ, BSQ were higher in the patients who could discontinue medication than in the patients who could not discontinue medication(t=-2.68, t=-4.88, t=-3.07, t=-3.68, t=-3.35, p<0.01). Conclusion : Patients with panic disorder who were less depressed, less anxious, less agoraphobic and who had less negative cognitions for the bodily sensation and who had higher scores in the therapist's assessment could discontinue their medications.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1972

5 bed sand filter, applying biological oxidation, was designed and studied on the treatment of water works. Never using any coagulant agent (drugs), which may cause water pollution in pre-treatment of head water, the auther attempt a high rate filtration by the microorganism (nitrofication bacteria) end plant which populate in multi layer sand beds. The result are as follows : In order to evaluate the oxygen effect on filtration, oxygen was injected in aeration tank attached to each filter tank while filtration, and $NH_3$ was tested as a representaiive ingredient. It was found out that the aeration method was more effective, with over 33% of $NH_3$ removal capacity, than the anerobic and this 5 bed filter showed double removal capacity of $NH_3$ by comparing with conventional sand bed (2 stage bed). According to the examination of two kind of head water, pre-treated with coagulant agent and activated carton, the filtration capacity was affected by the polluted condition of head water, resulting that lower value of pollution and slower velocity of filtration showed more efficiency of $NH_3$ removal. In this experiment $NH_3$ content tested in treated water had a fairly good correlation with others.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.609-622
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• 2019

Sound vibration (SV) treatment can trigger various molecular and physiological changes in plants. Previously, we showed that pre-exposure of Arabidopsis plants to SV boosts its defense response against Botrytis cinerea fungus. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes in the proteome states in the SV-treated Arabidopsis during disease progression. Proteomics analysis identified several upregulated proteins in the SV-infected plants (i.e., SV-treated plants carrying Botrytis infection). These upregulated proteins are involved in a plethora of biological functions, e.g., primary metabolism (i.e., glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP synthesis, cysteine metabolism, and photosynthesis), redox homeostasis, and defense response. Additionally, our enzyme assays confirmed the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes in the SV-infected plants compared to control plants. Broadly, our results suggest that SV pre-treatment evokes a more efficient defense response in the SV-infected plants by modulating the primary metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was to analyze clinical outcomes and risk factors of for complications associated with the hip fracture surgery in the elderly before and after interdisciplinary treatment. Methods: A retrospective method was used to investigate the general and therapeutic characteristics, frequency of complications and clinical outcomes. The subjects of the study were 553 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery from January, 2009 to December, 2014. Results: The interdisciplinary group was older and less likely to walk independently even before the fracture than a usual care group. The incidence of complications was higher in the interdisciplinary group than the usual care group. The prevalence of complications in both groups was 66.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showsed that the risk factors for complications of hip fracture surgery were as follows: advanced age, stroke, Parkinson disease, time interval from emergency room to operation, pre & post ambulatory status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification quality of postop intensive care unit (ICU) care and foley indwelling. Conclusion: This study has implications in that it recognized the necessity for interdisciplinary treatment and provided the basic base data for nursing intervention of the elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.