• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.22.1-22.19
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• 2016

The biologically active compounds derived from different natural organisms such as animals, plants, and microorganisms like algae, fungi, bacteria and merine organisms. These natural compounds possess diverse biological activities like anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities. These biological active compounds were acted by variety of molecular targets and thus may potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. The synthesis of natural products and their analogues provides effect of structural modifications on the parent compounds which may be useful in the discovery of potential new drug molecules with different biological activities. Natural organisms have developed complex chemical defense systems by repelling or killing predators, such as insects, microorganisms, animals etc. These defense systems have the ability to produce large numbers of diverse compounds which can be used as new drugs. Thus, research on natural products for novel therapeutic agents with broad spectrum activities and will continue to provide important new drug molecules.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.59-61
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• 2003

Organic compounds play an important role in the area of pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other materials, which possess useful biological activities. Generally, such biological activities are come from the interaction of the organic compounds with the receptors in biological system, such as enzymes. Such receptors are composed of the chiral building blocks such as amino acid or carbohydrate, which means the biological active sites of receptors are chiral. (omiited)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.173-188
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• 2015

We have conducted a comprehensive literature review regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of Korean black ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), three to nine times-steamed and dried ginseng, which shows strong black color through Maillared browning reaction. It has been reported that some chemically deglycosylated and transformed saponins are obtained from black ginseng as artifacts produced during intensive steaming. They have been known to be ginsenosides Rg3, Rg4, Rg5, Rg6, Rh1, Rh2, Rh4, Rk1 and Rk3, quite different from those of red ginseng, among which ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1 are considered to be major components. And also, black ginseng has been recently found to demonstrate anticancer, recovery from learning and memory damages, hypontensive, antidiabetic, antiobesitic, tonic and antiatopic activities, together with antioxidative and exercise performance improving activities, exhibiting their effects to be a little bit stronger than those of red ginseng. These findings suggest that black ginsng might play an important role in the development of promising functional foods and drugs from the viewpoint of the chemical composition and biological activities of black ginseng with a distinction from those of white and red ginsengs. In this review, the authors will survey and evaluate further functions of black ginseng with a focus on its physicochemical properties and biological activities.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2016

Objectives : We analysed Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibility principle and investigated biological activities by categorizing with molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean study for this formula. Methods : Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. We looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about Gyejibongnyeong-hwan through Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean medicine information system (OASIS). Then classify into molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Cinnamomi Ramulus, deputy herb is Persicae Semen, assistant herb is Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Poria, and envoy herb is Mel. Biological activities can be detected in transcription factors, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in human uterine endometrial cancer cell, human hepatocarcinoma cell, and human platelets. In mouse and rats for animal level, in overian cystoma, menorrhalgia, quality of life improvement in postmenopausal women, and blood stasis with motor vehicle accident for human level, biological activities was caught. Conclusions : From above results, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistan, and envoy. Biological activities are effective to improvement of menorrhalgia, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, improvement of atherosclerosis, analgesic, anti-convulsion, wound healing, and improvement of liver function.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

The essential oils are fragrant products whose complex compositions are obtained from various parts of plants by dry or steam distillation. Plants with variable biological activities have been explored worldwide. The presence of a large number of phenols, terpenes and other aromatic compounds make essential oils more precise in their mode of action. Because of this, they are known to possess many biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory etc. In this article, we will review the published literature summarizing the chemistry of essential oils and their important biological activities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2004

This study aimed at providing suggestions in designing open space so that parks and bordering facilities are well related to each other in terms of the visual access and human activities. The design survey was conducted in the center of Osaka City, using parks there as the study material. The relation between parks and their bordering facilities was evaluated in terms of the visual access and human activities. Through the results of this study, as the design methods for improving relations between parks and their bordering facilities, unified design and creation of square in the boundary area between them, placing access paths to facilities in parks, and planting trees to create Vista, Screen, and Framework landscapes are of great importance.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Flavonoids consist a wide range of naturally occurring compounds which are exclusively found in different fruits and vegetables. These medicinal herbs have a number of favourable biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, renoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor. Troxerutin, also known as vitamin P4, is a naturally occurring flavonoid which is isolated from tea, coffee and cereal grains as well as vegetables. It has a variety of valuable pharmacological and therapeutic activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor. These pharmacological impacts have been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies. Also, clinical trials have revealed the efficacy of troxerutin for management of phlebocholosis and hemorrhoidal diseases. In the present review, we focus on the therapeutic effects and biological activities of troxerutin as well as its molecular signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1989

Effects of panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on some enzyme activities were determined. Activities of ATPase, membrane-bound enzyme from Sarcoma 180 and rat liver were slightly inhibited by panaxydol. Activities of 5'-nucleotidase, membrane-bound enzyme and succinate cytochrome c reductase in mitochonidria from sarcoma 180 and rat livers were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by panaxynol. The inhibitory effects of panaxydol and panaxynol on succinate cytochrome c reductase activities were more potent than those on 5'-nucleotidase activities and panaxynol was found to be a very potent inhibitor of succinate cytochrome c reductase. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in endoplasmic reticulum from Sarcoma 180 and rat livers were not affected by all three polyacetylenes. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of panaxydol and panaxynol on enzyme activities might contribute to their biological activities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2005

The Hovenia extracts showed a significant hepato-protective activity against alcohol and CC4-induced hepatotoxicity. Injection of CC4 and alcohol induced liver injury and increased serum GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyuvic transaminase) levels in injured rats. The ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)-like and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase)-like activities in the Hovenia extracts were studied. Their activities in the extracts of Hovenia wood were higher than the extracts of other parts of Hovenia. And then Hovenia wood extracts have high effects on the alcohol and acetealdehyde degradation. The Hovenia extracts were decreased concentration of fusel oil. The ADH-like and ALDH-like activities in the Hovenia wood extract were 1.14 $unit/{\mu}l$, 0.33$unit/{\mu}l$ respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Effects of acute anoxia on carbohydrate hydrolytic enzyme activities and free amino acid contents in malt were examined. Malts were prepared with barley grains germinated for 7 days which contained the highest levels of amylolytic and(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities. $\alpha$-Amylase and $\beta$-amylase activities in malts were not significantly affected by anoxia for 5 or 10 h.(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-Glucanase activity, however, decreased about 7 to 10% by anoxia for 5 or 10 h. Alanine and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid content changed drastically. Alanine contents in malts increased by 2.2- and 2-fold, and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid contents by 1.4- and 1.9-fold under anoxia for 5 and 10 h, respectively.