• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.42-55
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• 1999

A mathematical model for biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor process, which is based on the IAWQ Activated Sludge Model No. 2 with a few modifications, has been developed. Twenty water quality components and twenty three kinetic equations are incorporated in the model. The model is structured in the matrix form based on the law of mass conservation using stoichiometry and kinetic equations. Stoichiometric coefficients and kinetic parameters included in the model equations are chosen from the literature. A multistep predictor-corrector algorithm of variable step-size is adopted for solving the vector nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The simulation for experimental results is conducted to evaluate the validity of the model and to calibrate coefficients and parameters. The simulation using the model well represents the experimental results from laboratory. The mathematical model developed in this study may be utilized for the design and operation of a sequencing batch reactor process under the steady and unsteady-state at various environmental conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2005

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to compare the performance of two types of sequencing batch reactor(SBR) systems, anoxic-oxic-anoxic-oxic $((AO)_2)$ SBR and anoxic-oxic-anoxic $(A_2O)$ SBR on the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Also, the profiles of DO and pH in reactors were used to monitor the biological nutrient removal in two SBRs. The break point in the pH and DO curves at the oxic period coincided with the end of nitrifying activity at about 1 h 30 min in oxic phase, and the change in pH appears to be related to nitrate concentration. The TOC removal efficiency in $A_2O$ SBR was higher than that in $(AO)_2$ SBR. The denitrification was completed at the influent period. The 2nd non-aeration and aeration periods were not necessary for the nitrogen and phosphorus removal because of the low influent TOC concentration in this study. The release and uptake of phosphorus in $AO_2$ SBR was much higher than that in $(AO)_2SBR.$ In order to uptake more phosphorus, the 1st aeration period in $A_2O$ SBR should be prolonged.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.697-709
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• 1997

Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) experiments for organics and nutrients removal have been conducted to find an optimum anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic cycling time and evaluate the applicability of oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) as a process control parameter. In this study, a 61 bench-scale plant was used and fed with night-soil wastewater in K city which contained TCODcr : 10, 680 mg/l, TBm : 6, 893 mg/l, $NH_4^+-N$ : 1, 609 mg/l, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ : 602 mg/l on average. The cycling time In SBRs was adjusted at 12 hours and 24 hours, and then certainly included anaerobic, aerobic and inoxic conditions. Also, for each cycling time, we performed 3 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days, 20 days and 30 days as SRT From the experimental results, the optimum cycling time for biological nutrient removal with nlght-soil wastewater was respctively 3hrs, 5hrs, 3hrs(anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic), Nitrogen removal efficiency was 77.9%, 77.9%, 81.7% for each SRT, respectively. When external carbon source was fed in the anoxic phase, ORP-bending point indicating nitrate break point appeared clearly and nitrogen removal efficiency increased as 96.5%, 97.1%, 98.9%. Phosphate removal efficiency was 59.8%, 64.571, 68.6% for each SRT. Also, we finded the applicability of ORP as a process control parameter in SBRs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2008

In this study, the removal characteristics of organic components and nutrients of sewage taken from the Suwon area were investigated in a lab-scale modified DNR (Daewoo Nutrient Removal) process. The modified DNR process consisted of a sludge denitrification tank, an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank, a secondary anoxic tank and a secondary aerobic tank. The proposed process with the average C/N ratio of 3.5 was performed for the sewage treatment. The results were compared with other existing DNR processes. The organic fractions in sewage were analyzed by measuring the oxygen uptake rate. The resulting removal efficiencies of SS, BOD, COD, TN and TP were 93.1%, 95.5%, 86.1%, 67.8% and 80.6%, respectively.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2001년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회(한국막학회)
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• pp.135-138
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• 2001

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

$0.4\;{\mu}m$의 세공크기를 갖고 있는 평막이 침지된 연속회분식 반응기에서 유입 유기물 농도가 영양염류 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 분리막의 여과성능과 영양염류 제거효과를 규명하기 위하여 유입 유기물의 농도를 200 mg/L (Run-1), 400 mg/L (Run-2) 및 800 mg/L (Run-3)로 연속적으로 변화시키면서 실험하였다. COD/N 및 COD/P의 비가 증가할수록 T-N 및 T-P의 제거율은 모두 증가하였다. Run-1, Run-2 및 Run-3에서 T-N의 평균 제거율은 각각 28.1, 32.6 및 90.4%이었으며, 투과수의 T-N 평균 농도는 각각 32.0, 30.0 및 4.3 mg/L 이었다. 또한 Run-1, Run-2 및 Run-3에서 T-P의 평균 제거율은 각각 13.6, 35.3 및 93.1%이었으며, 투과수의 T-P 평균 농도는 각각 3.11, 2.33 및 0.25 mg/L이었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

질소는 하수처리과정에서 제거되어야 하는 주요 오염물질 중의 하나이며, 세균 군집을 이용한 고도처리 시스템에서 생물학적 질소제거는 중요한 기술이다. 질산화반응은 생물학적 질소제거 시스템의 첫 단계로 미생물에 의해 진행된다. 암모니아는 암모니아산화세균에 의해 아질산염으로 산화되며, 그 후에 아질산염은 아질산염 산화세균에 의해 질산염으로 산화된다. 실험실 규모의 생물학적 질소제거 시스템인 변형된 eBAF 시스템, Nutrient removal laboratory 시스템과 반추기법을 적용한 rSBR 시스템의 질산화반응조 시료에서 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용한 terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) 방법으로 아질산염 산화세균군집을 분석하였다. 제한효소로 형성된 단편의 클러스터분석에서 Nitrobacter 군집은 각각의 폐수처리 시스템에 따라 군집의 차이가 있음이 나타났다. 그러나 Nitrospira 군집의 클러스터분석에서는 액체와 담체의 서식지 환경 차이에 의해 군집이 구분되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2007

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). SBBR1 had a short first non-aeration period and SBBR2 had a long first non-aeration period. The removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in each SBBR were precisely observed according to the variation of influent TOC concentration, and the operation control parameters (pH, DO concentration, ORP) in each reactor were measured. In biological nitrogen removal, there was little difference between SBBR1 and SBBR2 and the nitrogen removal efficiencies were very low. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in high influent TOC concentration were different from those in low TOC. Nitrogen removals by simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) were occurred in both SBBR1 and SBBR2. The P removal in SBBR1 was superior to that in SBBR2. The second P release was observed in SBBR1 which had long second non-aeration period.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2014

The amount of waste water generated from the domestic sources is consistently increasing in proportion to economic growth, and the conventional activated sludge process is widely being used for general waste water treatment. But the ministry of environment becomes stringthent treatment standards of N and P (less than 20mg/L of N, 2mg/L of P) to prevent the eutrophication of lake water, and therefore highly advanced treatment technology is required not only in the existing treatment plants where the activated sludge process is being used, but also in newly constructed treatment plants for the treatment of N and P. This study is aimed at highly operating the engineering technology method was developed by domestic to eliminate N and P at the same time. Experiments were conducted in the treatment plant located in Yong In city. The bioreactor was started from the principal equipment for the elimination of N and P and the elimination of organic compounds. It consists of an internal recycle piping from the end of the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank and external recycle piping from the final settling basin to the denitrification tank. By experiment of 4 types separate inflow of waste water to the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank, and changes in staying time at the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank, the elimination of organic compounds in each type and the relationship in the efficiency between the elimination of N and P were researched.