• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

The transport biofuel is emerging a promising option to realize the sustainable growth of our society. Two biofuels, bioethanol and biodiesel, are currently used in the transport sector. As the production of biofuels is getting activated, the stable supply of the feedstocks is becoming a critical issue. Active works have been carried out to secure the stable supply of the raw materials for the production of biofuels. One approach is the breeding of the energy crops to get higher productivity and / or the desirable fuel properties. The other approach is finding new energy crops which may not be used for edible purpose. First current aspects and challenging issues for the implementation of biofuels have been introduced. Finally the recent works and future prospects on the development of the energy crops are summarized.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.386-403
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• 2016

Biofuels produced from biomass can be substituted for petroleum fuels due to GHG reduction, sustainability and environmental friendly. The process technologies that convert biomass into biofuels are varied and depend on the feedstocks. Microalgae are considered to be one of the most promising alternative source to the conventional feedstocks for biofuel. Microalgae can be converted to biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and biojet fuel via thermolchemical and biochemical production technologies. This reviews discusses recent advance in understanding the effects of the characteristics of various processes on the production of biofuels using microalgae. The performances of microalgae based biofuel are compared.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2011

Biofuls are considered as an option to reduce greenhouse gases emission, increase energy supply diversity and security of supply, as well as an opportunity for job creation and rural development. First of all, biofuls technologies have been promoted as a means for reducing the carbon intensity of the transport sector. Hence, in the last decade biofuels production has been driven by governmental policies. The key instruments widely adopted to foster production and increase consumption have been mandatory blending targets, tax exemptions and sibsidies. As one of the most powerful instruments, biofuel mandates require fuel producers to produce a pre-defined amount (or share) of biofuels and blend them with petroleum fuel. National biofuels mandates are in place 35 countries and partially in place in 6 countries. In this study, we reviewed status of global biofuels policies to reduce greenhouse gases in the European Union, United States and other countires worldwide. Especially, we discussed representative biofuels mandates policies same as Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS, US), Renewable Transport Fules Obligation (RTFO, UK) in transport sector.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2013

The objective of this paper is to provide a review on the latest development on the main initiative and approaches for the sustainability criteria for biofuels. A large number of national and international initiative lately experienced rapid development in the review of the biofuels targets announced in the European Union (EU), United States (US) and other countries worldwide. The global biofuel targets are likely to have a strong impact on land use and agricultural markets. Although biofuels production provides new options for using agricultural crops, there are environmental, social and economic concerns associated with biofuel production. The diversity of feedstock, large number of biofuels pathway an their complexity lead to a high uncertainty over the greenhouse gas (GHG) performances of biofuels, in terms of GHG emission reductions compared to the fossil fuels, expecially if land use change is involved. This paper describes an overview of current status of ongoing certification initiative in Europe and worldwide for biofuels sustainability. It also provides mandatory requirements as part of an sustainability scheme in EU, United Kingdom, US and international approaches and should be reviewed to introduce based on global trends in Korea.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the composition and characteristics of long-chained alcohols extracted from the algal strain Monoraphidium 3s35. The production of biomass was optimized using different cultivation methods. Under the aerated growth condition, this strain yielded up to 37.26% extracts of dry weight and $576mgL^{-1}$ biomass. The major compounds of the extracts are mainly long-chained alcohols (89.24%), with carbon chain length ranging from 12 to 20. Interestingly, or the long-chained alcohols, 3-(2-Methoxyethyl)-1-nonanol, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and oleyl alcohol accounted for 53.68%, 23.45%, and 12.11%, respectively. Because of their amphipathic nature, these long-chained alcohols have been widely used in bioenergy production and cosmetics industry. Furthermore, Monoraphidium 3s35 produced 9.73% of $C_{17}$ and $C_{20}$ alkanes, which can be used as an important supplement for the petrodiesel-like fuel.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Biomass has been used for energy sources from the prehistoric age. Biomass are converted into solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and are used for heating, electricity generation or for transportation recently. Solid biofuels such as bio-chips or bio-pellet are used for heating or electricity generation. Liquid biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol from sugars or lignocellulosics are well known renewable transportation fuels. biogas produced from organic waste are also used for heating, generation and vehicles. Biomass resources for the production of above mentioned biofuels are classified under following 4 categories, such as forest biomass, agricultural residue biomass, livestock manure and municipal organic wastes. The energy potential of those biomass resources existing in Korea are estimated. The energy potential for dry biomass (forest, agricultural, municipal waste) were estimated from their heating value contained, whereas energy potential of wet biomass (livestock manure, food waste, waste sludge) is calculated from the biological methane potential of them on annual basis. Biomass resources potential of those 4 categories in Korea are estimated to be as follows. Forest biomass 355.602 million TOE, agricultural biomass 4.019 million TOE, livestock manure biomass 1.455 million TOE, and municipal organic waste 1.074 million TOE are available for biofuels production annually.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.702-711
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• 2016

The authors reviewed information about biorefining of biomass by using academic information databases. Feedstocks were classified into triglycerides biomass, sugar biomass, starchy biomass, lignocellulosic biomass, and organic waste biomass. Biorefinery is an integrated system converting biomass into biofuels and biochemicals by various physical, chemical, biological, and thermochemical technologies. This paper presented a comprehensive summaries of opportunities, recent trends and challenges of biorefinery. A brief overview of promising building blocks, their sources from biomass, and their derivatives were also provided. In conclusion, this paper demonstrated the feasibility of biorefinery producing biofuels and biochemicals from biomass.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2011

There is a growing worldwide interest in the potential of marine biomass as an environmentally friendly and economically sustainable resource. Due to the great lack of comprehensive information about domestic seaweed resources, this study aimed to analyze the existing literature on the production and types of domestic seaweed species. Based on this data the possibilities of industrial use of domestic seaweed for the production of biofuels and bioplastics had been assessed. Our review took into account the seaweed species on domestic coasts as well as the species currently in great production via seaweed farming. Due to their wide distribution, their status as farmed crops, and the likelihood of securing their reliable supply, Codium fragile, Hizikia fuciformis, and Gelidium amansii were deemed to be the most appropriate candidates for domestic industrial use. The industrial potential of seaweed biomass was also explored by comparing the predicted amount of biomass necessary to replace current gasoline and plastics use with currently available farming space. The results of our study imply that once a steady and adequate supply of the proper kinds of seaweed can be secured through seaweed farming, there is a great potential for the development of new seaweed-based biofuels and bioplastics industries in Korea.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

Research and development of biofuels as one of the means to mitigate global warming and to avoid fossil fuel depletion has occurred for more than 30 years. However, there has only been limited distribution of a few first- and second-generation biofuels, and widespread supply and consumption of biofuels is still far from a reality. Although a relatively recently studied third-generation biofuel derived from seaweed biomass has been shown to have many advantages, it is yet to be deployed in commercial-scale seaweed biorefineries. This review paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of seaweed biorefineries for the entire value chain covering from seaweed and its cultivation to biofuel production based on an extensive literature search and the author's experience of conducting feasibility studies pertaining to seaweed biorefineries for over 10 years. For this purpose, the literature survey will cover the current status of seaweed production and its research and development worldwide, conversion technologies for biofuel production from seaweed based on bench-scale experiments, and large-scale techno-economic feasibility studies for seaweed conversion to biofuels and bioenergy. In addition, the main problems expected with the commercialization of seaweed-based biofuels will be identified. Finally, the current status of seaweed biorefinery technology and the author's views on its promising future will be summarized.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and the concerns about their soaring prices have spurred the search for alternative energy sources. While other alternative energies-like solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and tidal-offer viable options for electricity generation, around 40% of total energy consumption requires liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel fuel. This is where bio-energy/biofuels is especially attractive, where they can serve as a practical alternative to oil. The production of liquid biofuels for transportation will depend upon a stable supply of large amount of inexpensive cellulosic biomass obtained on a sustainable basis. This paper reviewed development status of transportation bio-energy for vehicles, technical barriers to the production of cellulosic ethanol, and the global future of bio-diesel and ethanol production.