• 정신신체의학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2023

Objectives : Biofeedback is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for panic disorder (PD), but no studies have identified physiological markers related to the treatment response. This study investigated predictors of the treatment response for biofeedback in patients with PD. Methods : A retrospective study based on the electronic medical records of 372 adult patients with PD was performed. Patients received biofeedback treatment at least once, and physiological markers including heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, and electromyography were collected before the treatment began. The patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on the change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score. Results : The response rate to biofeedback treatment was 30.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher CGI-S score at baseline and fewer benzodiazepine prescriptions were associated with a better response to biofeedback treatment. According to subgroup analyses, the baseline CGI-S score, dose of benzodiazepines, and skin conductance are candidate predictors of the response to biofeedback treatment in men, while only baseline disease severity was associated with the treatment response in women. Conclusions : The present results suggest that skin conductance may be target marker and predictor for biofeedback in male patients with PD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1985

Changes of occlusal contacts after E.M.G. biofeedback therapy with D.D.S. (Self control system, EMG 220, Sandiago California) was investigated in 20 SNUH students and residents with normal occlusion. Treatment time was 30 minutes on every subject. Occlusal contacts of before biofeedback therapy were taken at 4: 00 P.M. and that of after biofeedback therapy were taken at 4:40 P.M. Author compared the occlusal contacts before biofeedback therapy with that of after biofeedback therapy. The obtained results were as follow : 1. The number of occlusal contacts was 23.9, before biofeedback therapy and, 26.3, after biofeedback therapy. 2. The percentage of accentuated contact to diffuse contact was 78.5%, before treatment and 38.8% after treatment. 3. 6 heaviest contacts were changed 4.3 teeth per one subject after biofeedback therapy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 1999

This study evaluated the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise and Biofeedback treatment for Genuine Stress Incontinence I assigned 60 participants to 2 groups : 30 to the pelvic floor muscle exercise group and 30 to the biofeedback group. Treatment protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Peak pressure, and duration time of pelvic muscle contraction were evaluated by a perineometer. Lower urinary symptoms, sexual matter and life style scores were achieved by using Jackson's scale. The treatment efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle exercise is compared with the biofeedback group and the main results of the comparison are as follows : 1. Pelvic muscle contraction 1) The peak pressure in the biofeedback group was significantly increased(P＝0.000). 2. The frequency and quantity of incontinence 1) The frequency of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P＝0.000). 2) The quantity of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P＝0.000). 3. The lower urinary symptoms Daily frequency(P＝0.000), nocturia(P＝0.000), urgency(P＝0.000), bladder pain(P＝0.000), unexplained incontinence(P＝0.048), wearing protection(P＝0.022), changing outer clothing(P＝0.005), hesitancy(P＝0.008), intermittent stream(P＝0.000), abnormal strength of stream(P＝0.004), retention(P＝0.000), incomplete emptying(P＝0.000), and inability to stop mid stream(P＝0.006) of the lower urinary symptoms in the biofeedbatk group were significantly decreased. 4. The sexual matters The dry vagina (P＝0.004) and pain during sexual Intercourse (P＝0.002) in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased. 5. The life style The fluid intake restriction(P＝0.007), affected daily task(P＝0.003), avoidance of places & situation(P＝0.003), interference in Physical activity (P＝0.002), interference in relationship with other people(P＝0.01), and feeling about the rest of life with urinary symptom(P＝0.000) in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the biofeedback treatment was more effective than the pelvic floor muscle exercise in genuine stress incontinence.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1994

The field of applied biofeedback as one of psychophysiological self regulation techniques began in the united states in 1950s. Biofeedback may be described as information about the effects of a response that is given to the person making that response in order to improve ways of controlling that response. This article reviewed various definitions of biofeedback, learning models, mediating processes, instrumentations to be considered during biofeedback practice, treatment procedures and clinical applications.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

불면증은 다양한 신체적, 정신적 원인에 의해 생기는데, 특히 과잉각성은 불면증에 중요한 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있다. 불면증 환자에서 약물치료에 한계가 있으며 심리적 요인이 불면증의 발생과 경과에 큰 영향을 미친다는 사실이 알려지면서, 여러 가지 비약물치료적 방법이 도입되었다. 바이오피드백을 포함한 비약물치료는 불면증 치료에 효과적이며 치료 효과도 오래 유지되는 것으로 보고되었다. 바이오피드백은 이완요법과 함께 사용 시 불면증 환자의 각성 수준을 낮춰 수면의 시작 및 유지에 도움이 되므로, 각성 수준이 높거나 약물 사용에 제한이 따르는 불면증 환자에게 매우 유용할 수 있다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

연구목적 : 두통은 일생 동안 90% 이상의 사람들이 경험하게 되는 임상 증후군이다. 이 논문은 긴장성두통과 편두통의 현재의 개념과 바이오피드백 치료 및 이완요법에 대해 요약하였다. 방법: Pubmed/Medline 검색에 포함된 용어는 바이오피드백(biofeedback), 이완(relaxation), 생리적(physiological), 행동적 (behavioral), 비약물의 (nonpharmacological), 두통(headache), 긴장성두통(tension-type headache), 그리고 편두통(migraine)이었다. 검색되지 않은 저술 중 적절한 논문과 바이오피드백을 수행하는 전문가의 의견도 포함시켰다. 결과 : 두통은 바이오피드백 및 이완요법을 포함한 행동치료적 개입에 의해 치료될 수 있는 정신생리장애(psycho-physiological disorder)로 볼 수 있다. 두통에서 이러한 치료들을 통해 임상적 호전을 보인다는 보고들이 지속되고 있다. 또한, 환자에게 실제 적용 시 고려할 점도 제시하였다. 결론: 바이오피드백 치료와 이완요법은 단독 또는 약물치료와 함께 두통 환자에게 제공될 수 있는 효과적인 치료법으로 제안된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1374-1380
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• 2006

Purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation after normal delivery. Methods. The subjects of this study were 49 (experimental group: 25, control group: 24) postpartum women who passed 6 weeks after normal delivery without complication of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. The experimental group was applied to the pelvic muscle enforcement program by biofeedback and electrical stimulation for 30 minutes per session, twice a week for 6 weeks, after then self-exercise of pelvic floor muscle was done 50-60 repetition per session, 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction (MPPFMC), average pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction (APPFMC), duration time of pelvic floor muscle contraction (DTPFMC) and the subjective lower urinary symptoms were measured by digital perineometer and Bristol Female Urinary Symptom Questionnaire and compared between two groups prior to trial, at the end of treatment and 6 weeks after treatment. Results. The results of this study indicated that MPPFMC, APPFMC, DTPFMC were significantly increased and subjective lower urinary symptoms were significantly decreased after treatment in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions. This study suggested that the pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation might be a safer and more effective program for reinforcing pelvic floor muscle after normal delivery.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

Purpose: We investigated the effect of isometric resistance exercise on the vastus medialis oblique muscle with inelastic tape and EMG biofeedback training applied to the patello-femoral joints of patients with patella malalignment. Methods: The 39 elderly subjects that had patella malalignment but no neuromuscular disorders were divided into a control group, taping group, and EMG biofeedback training group. Evaluations of function improvement performed before and after the treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Change in pain in the knee joint were significantly different among groups (p<0.05). Maximum voluntary isometric contractility in the quadriceps muscle was significantly in the EMG biofeedback group (p<0.001). The WOMAC (Western Ontairo & McMaster Questionnaire) index showed a significant change (p<0.05) in pain, function, and total score. Taping and EMG biofeedback training showed a lasting effect until measurement 4 weeks after treatment. SF-36 (Medical outcome short form-36), which assesses the quality of life, did not significantly change. Conclusion: In osteoarthritis patients with a loss of patello-femoral joint function, isometric resistance exercise of the vastus medialis oblique muscle with taping seems effective.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency(VPI); the failure of velum, the lateral wall and the posterior pharyngeal wall to separate the nasal cavity from pharyngeal cavity during speech, can be caused by congenital conditions include cleft palate, submucous cleft palate and congenital palatal insufficiency. Speech problems of VPI are characterized by hypernasality, nasal air emission, increased nasal air flow and decreased intelligibility. These speech problems of VPI can be treated with the surgical procedure, the application of temporary prosthesis and speech therapy. Biofeedback technique with Nasometer is a speech treatment method of VPI that commonly used as one component of a comprehensive procedure for improvement of speech in patients with VPI. In this article describes a case of VPI treated by biofeedback technique with Nasometer; which showed satisfactory result in nasalance and formant analysis after the speech therapy during 9 months.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 바이오피이드백 치료를 받은 환자군을 대상으로 바이오피드백 치료시 측정 변수인 피부긴장도(EDR)와 근 긴장도(EMG)가 장기적 및 단기적 치료 집단 간에서 보이는 특징을 관찰 하고자 하였다. 또한 바이오피드백 치료 중 지속적인 치료 효과를 발휘하기 위해서 치료를 지속 해야할 최소한의 횟수를 평가하고자 하였으며, 바이오피드백 치료로 환자군의 불안증상에 변화가 있는지와 초기 치료시 신체변인의 변화로 장기치료에 대한 예후를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 피험자는 바이오피드백 치료를 한 남녀 130명 중 자의적으로 4회 이상의 치료를 진행한 37명을 대상으로 하였고, 바이오피드백 치료방법 순서에 따라 중압감(heaviness) 훈련을 마친 5회이하 치료군과 온화감(warmth)훈련을 마친 $6{\sim}9$회 치료군, 10회 이상 치료군으로 구분하였다. 치료방법은 Basmajian등이 제시한 자율훈련(autogenic training)프로그램에 기초한 12회 바이오피이드백 치료 지침서를 기준으로 하였다. 각 치료 횟수마다 기본 준비시간과 본 치료시간을 구분하여 피부긴장도와 근긴장도를 측정하였고 치료 횟수마다 평균값과 최고-최저 차이 값을 구했다. 또 10회 이상 환자군중에서 바이오피이드백 치료에 따른 불안 증상의 호전 정도를 불안척도(Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale)와 자가이완설문지(Self-Relaxation Inventory)로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 첫치료 시간동안의 EDR, EMG변화를 관찰한 결과 mEDR이 장기치료를 한 집단에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 2) 초기 4회 동안 세 집단의 mEDR, mEMG와 deltaEDR, deltaEMG를 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 이를 통해서 장기치료를 할 것인지 결정할 수 없었다. 3) 10회 이상 치료한 환자군 14명에서 EDR, EMG의 변화를 관찰한 결과 mEDR만이 환자의 치료경과를 잘 표현해주고 있었고, 나머지 신체변인은 치료경과에도 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 4) 치료 전후 바이오피드백 효과를 10회 이상 치료군 14명중 자의적으로 최종 설문평가가 가능하였던 8명에서 측정한 결과 치료 전후 Hamilton 불안 척도 값과 자가 설문지 값이 각각 T-value=10.93, p<0.01/T-value=2.726, p<0.01로 유의한 변화를 보였다. 결 론 : 1) 초기 첫 시간동안 경험하는 신체적 이완의 폭이 클수록 장기치료로 진행할 가능성이 높다. 2) 초기 4회 치료 시간동안 EDR, EMG과 같은 신체변인의 변화로는 치료에 대한 예후를 결정할 수 없다. 3) 바이오피드백 치료를 시행하는데는 내적 신호 경험을 형성하기 위해 mEDR이 급격하게 변화를 보이는 5회 이상의 치료시간이 필요하며, 이 과정을 거쳐야만 장기적 치료 및 치료 효과를 경험할 수 있다. 4) 바이오피드백 치료를 통해서 환자들의 이완 및 불안 상태가 완화됨을 관찰할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 저자는 바이오피드백 치료에서 초기에 성과가 없다고 빠른 종결을 하지 말고 지속적인 치료를 권장하는 것이 도움이 될 수 있다는 것을 제시하는 바이다.