• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.14
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• 2022

We aimed to investigate associations of dietary diversity (DD) with gut microbial diversity and the development of hen's egg allergy (HEA) in infants. We enrolled 68 infants in a high-risk group and 32 infants in a control group based on a family history of allergic diseases. All infants were followed from birth until 12 months of age. We collected infant feeding data, and DD was defined using 3 measures: the World Health Organization definition of minimum DD, food group diversity, and food allergen diversity. Gut microbiome profiles and expression of cytokines were evaluated by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. High DD scores at 3 and 4 months were associated with a lower risk of developing HEA in the high-risk group, but not in the control group. In the high-risk group, high DD scores at 3, 4, and 5 months of age were associated with an increase in Chao1 index at 6 months. We found that the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were higher among infants who had lower DD scores compared to those who had higher DD scores in high-risk infants. Additionally, high-risk infants with a higher FAD score at 5 months of age showed a reduced gene expression of IL-13. Increasing DD within 6 months of life may increase gut microbial diversity, and thus reduce the development of HEA in infants with a family history of allergic diseases.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2009

우리나라 찰옥수수 및 종실용 옥수수 품종들의 교배친인 11개의 자식계통의 유전적 다양성 및 계통간 유연관계를 50개의 SSR 마커를 사용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 50개의 SSR primer들은 찰옥수수 및 종실용 옥수수 품종들의 교배친인 11개 자식계통들에서 총 171개의 대립단편을 증폭시켰고, 각 SSR primer들에서 증폭된 대립단편의 수는 최소 2개에서 최대 6개의 범위로 나타나 SSR loci당 평균 3.4개가 증폭되었으며, 유전적 다양성 값은 0.165에서 0.900 수준의 값을 보여 평균 0.596 값을 나타내었다. 2. 찰옥수수 품종들의 경우 미백찰의 교배친인 HW3과 HW4 자식계통은 34개의 SSR 마커, 미백2호의 교배친인 HW3과 HW9 자식계통은 29개의 SSR 마커, 조미찰의 교배친인 HW5와 HW6 자식계통은 33개의 SSR 마커, 그리고 미흑찰의 교배친인 HW7과 HW8 자식계통은 26개의 SSR 마커들에서 각각 공우성을 나타내었다. 그러나 종실용 옥수수 품종인 강일옥의 교배친인 HF1과 HF2는 단 1개의 마커(umc1588)만 공우성이었다. 3. 11개의 자식계통들은 유전적 유사성 0.616 수준에서 크게 3개의 Group으로 구분되었다. Group I은 유전적 유사성 0.616에서 0.730 수준의 범위에서 7계통(KL103, HW1, HW4, HW6, HW7, HW8, HW9)을 포함하고 있었고, Group II는 유전적 유사성 0.959 수준에서 2계통(HF1, HF2)을 포함하고 있었으며, 그리고 Group III은 유전적 유사성 0.713 수준에서 2계통(HW3, HW5)을 포함하고 있었다. 4. 찰옥수수 품종들의 교배친 자식계통들에서의 유전적 유사성은 미백찰의 교배친인 HW3과 HW4 자식계통들 사이에서는 0.584, 미백2호의 교배친인 HW3과 HW9 자식계통들 사이에서는 0.631, 조미찰의 교배친인 HW5과 HW6 자식계통들 사이에서는 0.590, 그리고 미흑찰의 교배친인 HW7과 HW8자식계통들 사이에서는 0.631 이었다. 그리고 종실용 옥수수인 강일옥의 교배친 HF1과 HF2 자식계통은 유전적 유사성이 0.959로 매우 가까운 유연관계를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2003

Bio-hydrogenation of $C_{18}$-unsaturated fatty acids released from the hydrolysis of dietary lipids in the rumen, in general, occurs rapidly but the range of hydrogenation is quite large, depending on the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids, the configuration of unsaturated fatty acids, microbial type and the experimental condition. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is incompletely hydrogenated products by rumen microorganisms in ruminant animals. It has been shown to have numerous potential benefits for human health and the richest dietary sources of CLA are bovine milk and milk products. The cis-9, trans-11 is the predominant CLA isomer in bovine products and other isomers can be formed with double bonds in positions 8/10, 10/12, or 11/13. The term CLA refers to this whole group of 18 carbon conjugated fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid goes through a similar bio-hydrogenation process producing trans-11 $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:0}$, but may not appear to produce CLA as an intermediate. Although the CLA has been mostly derived from the dietary $C_{18:2}$ alternative pathway may be existed due to the extreme microbial diversity in the reticulo-rumen. Regardless of the origin of CLA, manipulation of the bio-hydrogenation process remains the key to increasing CLA in milk and beef by dietary means, by increasing rumen production of CLA. Although the effect of oil supplementation on changes in fatty acid composition in milk seems to be clear its effect on beef is still controversial. Thus further studies are required to enrich the CLA in beef under various dietary and feeding conditions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

DNA barcoding, an inventory of DNA sequences from a standardized genomic region, provides a bio-barcode for identifying and discovering species. Several recent studies suggest that the sequence diversity in a 648 bp region of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) might serve as a DNA barcode for identifying animal species such as North American birds, insects and fishes. The present study tested the effectiveness of a COI barcode in discriminating Korean bird species. We determined the 5' terminus of the COI barcode for 92 species of Korean birds and found that species identification was unambiguous; the genetic differences between closely related species were, on average, 25 times higher than the differences within species. We identified only one misidentified species out of 239 specimens in a genetic resource bank, so confirming the accuracy of species identification in the banking system. We also identified two potential composite species, calling for further investigation using more samples. The finding of large COI sequence differences between species confirms the effectiveness of COI barcodes for identifying Korean bird species. To bring greater reliability to the identification of species, increased intra- and interspecies sampling, as well as supplementation of the mitochondrial barcodes with nuclear ones, is needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2021

The recessive white (locus c) phenotype observed in chickens is associated with three alleles (recessive white c, albino c^a, and red-eyed white c^re) and causative mutations in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene. The recessive white mutation (c) inhibits the transcription of TYR exon 5 due to a retroviral sequence insertion in intron 4. In this study, we genotyped and sequenced the insertion in TYR intron 4 to identify the mutation causing the unusual white plumage of Yeonsan Ogye chickens, which normally have black plumage. The white chickens had a homozygous recessive white genotype that matched the sequence of the recessive white type, and the inserted sequence exhibited 98% identity with the avian leukosis virus ev-1 sequence. In comparison, brindle and normal chickens had the homozygous color genotype, and their sequences were the same as the wild-type sequence, indicating that this phenotype is derived from other mutation(s). In conclusion, white chickens have a recessive white mutation allele. Since the size of the sample used in this study was limited, further research through securing additional samples to perform validation studies is necessary. Therefore, after validation studies, a selection system for conserving the phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity of the population could be established if additional studies to elucidate specific phenotype-related genes in Yeonsan Ogye are performed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2024

Background: Longitudinal connectivity in river systems strongly affects biological components related to ecosystem functioning, thereby playing an important role in shaping local biodiversity and ecosystem health. Environmental DNA (eDNA)-based metabarcoding has an advantage of enabling to sensitively diagnose the presence/absence of species, becoming an efficient/effective approach for studying the community structure of ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to eDNA-based biomonitoring for river systems, particularly for assessing the river longitudinal connectivity. In this study, by using eDNA we analyzed and compared species diversity and composition among artificial barriers to assess the longitudinal connectivity of the fish community along down-, mid- and upstream in the Hotancheon from the Geum River basin. Moreover, we investigated temporal variation in eDNA fish community structure and species diversity according to season. Results: The results of species detected between eDNA and conventional surveys revealed higher sensitivity for eDNA and 61% of species (23/38) detected in both methods. The results showed that eDNA-based fish community structure differs from down-, mid- and upstream, and species diversity decreased from down to upstream regardless of season. We found that there was generally higher species diversity at the study sites in spring (a total number of species across the sites [n] = 29) than in autumn (n = 27). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and heatmap analyses further suggest that there was a tendency for community clusters to form in the down-, mid- and upstream, and seasonal variation in the community structure also existed for the sites. Dominant species in the Hotancheon was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (26.07%) regardless of season, and subdominant species was Nipponocypris koreanus (16.50%) in spring and Odontobutis platycephala (15.73%) in autumn. Artificial barriers appeared to negatively affect the connectivity of some fish species of high mobility. Conclusions: This study attempts to establish a biological monitoring system by highlighting the versatility and power of eDNA metabarcoding in monitoring native fish community and further evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of river ecosystems. The results of this study suggest that eDNA can be applied to identify fish community structure and species diversity in river systems, although some shortcomings remain still need to be resolved.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2019

One key step in the plant restoration process is the collection of seeds from the field. For the selection of source populations of target plant species for translocation purposes (reintroduction or reinforcements), several approaches are possible. A practical method involves the use of data from reciprocal transplant studies. If no direct data are available, knowledge of population genetics and the phylogeography of the target species can serve as an alternative. In this short review, we briefly propose guidelines for those collecting seeds for plant species restoration based on population genetics theory, focusing on two main questions: Where does the plant material come from and how are sources designated, and how are seeds efficiently collected from local populations? While genetic data on a larger scale (phylogeography and population genetics) are needed to form a reply to the first question, similar data on a smaller scale (fine-scale genetic structures within populations) are necessary to shed light on the second issue.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some methods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1${\ll}C18:3$) in bio diesel and main unsaturated FAME group is acted as the key component deciding the bio diesel's oxidation stability. It is proved experimentally that C18:3 FAME are oxidized easily under the modified accelerated oxidation test. We also figure out low molecular weight hydrocarbon and FAME were founded as a result of thermal degradation. Some alcohol and aldehydes were also made by FAME oxidation. In conclusion, it is necessary to find the way to improve the micro-algal bio diesel's oxidation stability.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.302-317
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• 2010

본 연구는 탄천내 기존 콘크리트 호안블럭을 제거하지 않고 호안녹화용 매트를 적용하여 경관개선 및 생물서식기반을 조성하고자 하는 지역의 복원 효과 확인 및 관리방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 모니터링 결과 식물상은 2006년 18과 38종 3변종 총 41종류, 2007년 19과 56종 3변종 총 59종류, 2008년 29과 59종 8변종 총 64종류로 매년 식물종이 증가하고 있었다. 식물상 분포의 특징은 공법 적용지를 중심으로 식재한 물억새, 수크령 등이 세력을 형성하고 있었으며 범람시 토사 퇴적으로 자생종 중심의 다양한 종이 출현하고 있어 생태적으로 양호한 상태이었다. 현재는 자생종이 우점하고 있었으나 주기적인 범람에 의한 교란 유발 종과 외래종의 증가가 예상되므로 장기모니터링을 통해 관리가 이루어져야 양호한 수변생태계가 형성될 수 있을 것이다. 결국 하천천이 초기식생과 교란지 식생이 혼재되어 나타나는 생육양상이었다. 이와 같은 호안 녹화용 식생매트 공법은 콘크리트를 제거하지 않고 상부에 코이어 매트를 포설하여 불량경관을 개선할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 식물생육의 기반을 제공하여 계속적인 식물종의 증가에 따른 종다양성을 확보하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.421-430
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• 2015

본 연구는 천수만 조하대에 서식하는 대형저서동물의 군집을 분석하여 방조제 건설에 따른 천수만 저서생태계의 변화를 이해하고자 하였다. 생태학적인 변화를 이해하기 위하여 대형저서동물의 분포, 우점종, 시.공간적 변화 그리고 유기물 오염을 분석하였다. 천수만에는 총 252종이 출현하였고, 출현밀도는 $681ind./m^2$이었다. 종 다양도는 모든 계절에서 방조제를 기준으로 만 입구 지역으로 갈수록 증가하는 양상이었다. 천수만 내 연중 우점한 대형저서동물은 송곳갯지렁이로 나타났다. 우점종 출현양상은 종 다양도 그리고 정점별 퇴적물 내 유기물 함량과 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. BPI분석 결과, 방조제 인근 정점에서는 4~5등급으로 유기물 오염이 진행된 것으로 확인되었고, 만 입구 지역에서는 1~3등급으로 상대적으로 유기물 오염이 되지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. SAB-curve 분석 결과, 방조제를 기준으로 만 입구로 갈수록 생태계 전이지역이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.