• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2011

Introduction: Many signal transduction pathways mediate cell's behavior by regulating expression level of involved genes. Abnormal behavior indicates loss of regulatory potential of pathways, and this can be attributed to loss of expression regulation of downstream genes. Therefore, function of pathways should be assessed by activity of a pathway itself and relative activity between a pathway and downstream genes, simultaneously. Results and Discussion: In this study, we suggested a new method to assess pathway's function by introducing concept of 'responsiveness'. The responsiveness was defined as a relative activity between a pathway itself and its downstream genes. The expression level of a downstream gene as a function of an upstream pathway activation characterizes disease status. In this aspect, by using the responsiveness we predicted potential progress in cancer development. We applied our method to predict primary and metastatic status of melanoma cancer. The result shows that the responsiveness-based approach achieves better performance than using gene or pathway information alone. The mean of ROC scores in the responsiveness-based approach was 0.90 for GSE7553 data set, increased more than 40% compared to a gene-based method. Moreover, identifying the abnormal regulatory patterns between pathway and its downstream genes provided more biologically interpretable information compared to gene or pathway based approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of adding additive as tannin, rice husk and charcoal, for reducing the formaldehyde emission level, on the adhesion properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for particleboard. We controlled the hot-pressing time, temperature and pressure to determine the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Blends of various UF resin/additives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) compositions were prepared. To determine and compare the effect of additives (tannin, rice husk and charcoal) content, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, by weight of UF resin, were used. $NH_4Cl$ as hardener added. To determine the level of formaldehyde emission, we used the desiccator, perforator and 20 L-small chamber method. The formaldehyde emission level decreased with increased additions of additive (except rice husk). Also, increased hot-pressing time decreased formaldehyde emission level. At a charcoal replacement ratio of only 15%, the formaldehyde emission level is under F ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ grade (emit < $0.3mg/{\ell}$). Curing of the high tannin additive content in this adhesive system indicated that the bonding strength increased. But, in the case of rice husk and charcoal, the bonding strength was much lower due to the inorganic substance. Furthermore, rice husk was poor in bonding strength as well as formaldehyde emission than tannin and charcoal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2021

Diet composition and trophic level of Trachurus japonicus were studied using 417 specimens collected by trawls, set nets and purse seine fisheries from March 2019 to February 2020 in the South Sea of Korea. The size of T. Japonicus ranged from 7.0 to 49.8 cm in total length. T. japonicus were a carnivore that fed mainly on euphausiids and pisces. In eddition, T. japonicus fed on small quantities of cephalopods, crabs etc. T. japonicus showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. The proportion of euphausiids decreased inversely proportional to body size whereas the consumption of pisces gradually increased. As body size of T. japonicus increased the mean number of prey per stomach and the mean weight of prey per stomach tended to increase, but the mean number of prey per stomach was not significantly different. As a result of the feeding strategy analysis, T. japonicus were specialized feeders with pisces and euphausiids as their dominant prey. The trophic level ranged between 3.57 ± 0.54 and 3.91 ± 0.65, and increased asymptotically with size of specimens. The average trophic level of the T. japonicus was 3.79 ± 0.61.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.59-60
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• 2014

The trans-$A_2B_2$ porphyrin and Ni-porphyrin derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki coupling of bromoporphyrin with arylborate as a key step. The band gaps of those complexes were measured from their absorption, emission and cyclic voltammetric data. All the LUMO energy level of porphyrin derivatives is lower than that of P3HT, and the HOMO energy level is evaluated higher than the HOMO of PCBM.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.239-242
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• 2016

A novel Nicotinoyl fused peptide, Nicotinoyl-LVH, was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis method, purified, and tested in cultured skin cells. Nicotinoyl-LVH enhanced the expression level of collagen mRNA and its fragments in fibroblasts. These data show that this novel Nicotinoyl peptide is a promising biomaterial in the anti-aging functional cosmetic market.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate whether methionine and cysteine would effectively spare taurine supplementation on growth performance in juvenile rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Triplicate groups of 25 fish averaging $2.74{\pm}0.04g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of the experimental diets. Five experimental diets including a fish meal based control diet were prepared by adding sulfur amino acid at fixed level of 1.0% and taurine at graded levels of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% ($S+Tau_0$, $S+Tau_{0.25}$, $S+Tau_{0.5}$ and $S+Tau_{1.0}$, respectively). After the feeding trial, growth performance of fish fed the $S+Tau_{0.25}$, $S+Tau_{0.5}$ and $S+Tau_{1.0}$ diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the Control diet. ANOVA test suggested that when sulfur amino acid were supplemented to the diets, the optimum taurine supplementation level could be 0.25% in the diet, and broken line analysis of weight gain indicated a level of 0.33%, for positive effects on growth and feed utilization. Fish whole-body protein content and taurine concentration steadily increased with the increase of dietary level in the presence of sulfur amino acid in the diets. On the other hand, whole-body lipid content significantly decreased with the incremental levels of dietary taurine. In conclusion, the results of the present study clearly indicated that dietary supplementation of methionine and cysteine at a level of 1% could spare 0.25 to 0.33% of taurine in juvenile O. fasciatus diets.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1103-1106
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• 2011

Optimum application level of liquid pig manure for increasing Astragalus sinicus L. (ASASI) and Lolium multiflorum Lam. (LOLMU) yield was investigated. The green manure crop yield were generally high in the order of ALPM 100 ${\geqq}$ APLM 75 ${\geqq}$ APLM 50 ${\geqq}$ APLM 0 in site 1 (ASASI), and LPLM 100 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 75 > LPLM 50 ${\geqq}$ LPLM 0 in site 2 (LOLMU). The optimum application level of liquid pig manure was 100% of nitrogen fertilization level.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.908-912
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• 2005

Bio-Q is a modified prescription with the activities of supplementing Qi and blood in human body. In the present study, immunomodulatory effect of Bio-Q was examined. After oral administration of Bio-Q for 7 days to Balb/c mice, splenocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Bio-Q significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes exposed to concanavalin A (Con A), while it did not in case of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Bio-Q also significantly increased CD3/CD19, CD4/CDB and NK cells by flow cytometric analysis. In addition, Bio-Q significantly enhanced the level of $INF-\gamma$ in splenocytes, but not $TNF-\alpha$ by ELISA. These results strongly suggest that Bio-Q has immunomodulatory activity through the regulation of T cell mediated immune pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

The carboxylesterase-encoding gene(bioHs) of a newly isolated strain, Serratia sp. SES-01, was cloned from the genomic DNA library by detecting formation of transparent halo around the colony on LB-tributyrin agar plates. The amino acid sequence of BioHs was highly similar to the members of the BioH enzyme family involved in the biotin biosynthetic pathway; it showed the highest similarity(91%) with that of Serratia proteamaculans. To compare BioHs with other BioH enzymes, the relatively well-known bioHe gene of E. coli was cloned with PCR. After we achieved high-level expression of soluble BioHs and BioHe through the exploration of different culture conditions, the purified BioHs and BioHe enzymes were characterized in terms of specificity, activity, and stability. BioHe was generally more robust to a change in temperature and pH and an addition of organic solvents than BioHs. The two enzymes exhibited a strong preference for carboxylesterase rather than for thioesterase and were optimal at relatively low temperatures($20-40^{\circ}C$) and alkaline pHs(7.5-9.0). The results in this study strongly suggested that both the BioHs and BioHe enzymes would be potential candidates for use as a carboxylesterase in many industrial applications.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

Molecular faming has the potential to provide large amounts of recombinant protein for use in diagnostics and as therapeutics. Various strategies have been developed to enhance the expression level, stability, and native folding of recombinant proteins produced in plants. Few investigations into the subcellular distribution of recombinant proteins within plant cells have been published despite the potential to increase the expression level and impact the purification process. This review article discusses the current strategies used for targeting recombinant proteins to various subcellular locations and the advantages of targeting to seed oil bodies for molecular farming applications. Specifically, the affinity capture of antibodies using recombinant oilbodies is discussed.