• 제목/요약/키워드: Binomial-related Models

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Comparison of Three Binomial-related Models in the Estimation of Correlations

  • Moon, Myung-Sang
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.585-594
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    • 2003
  • It has been generally recognized that conventional binomial or Poisson model provides poor fits to the actual correlated binary data due to the extra-binomial variation. A number of generalized statistical models have been proposed to account for this additional variation. Among them, beta-binomial, correlated-binomial, and modified-binomial models are binomial-related models which are frequently used in modeling the sum of n correlated binary data. In many situations, it is reasonable to assume that n correlated binary data are exchangeable, which is a special case of correlated binary data. The sum of n exchangeable correlated binary data is modeled relatively well when the above three binomial-related models are applied. But the estimation results of correlation coefficient turn to be quite different. Hence, it is important to identify which model provides better estimates of model parameters(success probability, correlation coefficient). For this purpose, a small-scale simulation study is performed to compare the behavior of above three models.

Binomial Distribution Based Reputation for WSNs: A Comprehensive Survey

  • Wei, Zhe;Yu, Shuyan
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제15권10호
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    • pp.3793-3814
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    • 2021
  • Most secure solutions like cryptography are software based and they are designed to mainly deal with the outside attacks for traditional networks, but such soft security is hard to be implemented in wireless sensor networks to counter the inside attacks from internal malicious nodes. To address this issue, reputation has been introduced to tackle the inside malicious nodes. Reputation is essentially a stimulating mechanism for nodes' cooperation and is employed to detect node misbehaviors and improve the trust-worthiness between individual nodes. Among the reputation models, binomial distribution based reputation has many advantages such as light weight and ease of implementation in resource-constraint sensor nodes, and accordingly researchers have proposed many insightful related methods. However, some of them either directly use the modelling results, apply the models through simple modifications, or only use the required components while ignoring the others as an integral part of the whole model, this topic still lacks a comprehensive and systematical review. Thus the motivation of this study is to provide a thorough survey concerning each detailed functional components of binomial distribution based reputation for wireless sensor networks. In addition, based on the survey results, we also argue some open research problems and suggest the directions that are worth future efforts. We believe that this study is helpful to better understanding the reputation modeling mechanism and its components for wireless sensor networks, and can further attract more related future studies.

로터리 사고발생 위치별 사고모형 개발 (Developing Accident Models of Rotary by Accident Occurrence Location)

  • 나희;박병호
    • 한국도로학회논문집
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2012
  • PURPOSES : This study deals with Rotary by Accident Occurrence Location. The purpose of this study is to develop the accident models of rotary by location. METHODS : In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the appropriate models using multiple linear, Poisson and negative binomial regression models and statistical analysis tools. RESULTS : First, four multiple linear regression models which are statistically significant(their $R^2$ values are 0.781, 0.300, 0.784 and 0.644 respectively) are developed, and four Poisson regression models which are statistically significant(their ${\rho}^2$ values are 0.407, 0.306, 0.378 and 0.366 respectively) are developed. Second, the test results of fitness using RMSE, %RMSE, MPB and MAD show that Poisson regression model in the case of circulatory roadway, pedestrian crossing and others and multiple linear regression model in the case of entry/exit sections are appropriate to the given data. Finally, the common variable that affects to the accident is adopted to be traffic volume. CONCLUSIONS : 8 models which are all statistically significant are developed, and the common and specific variables that are related to the models are derived.

일반화 이항분포모형에서 시행간 종속성 규정모수의 추정량 비교 연구 (Comparison of Estimators of Dependence Related Parameter in Generalized Binomial Distribution)

  • 문명상
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.279-288
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    • 1999
  • 통계자료분석에서 많이 다루는 이 원자료(binary data)는 고전적인 이항분포모형에서 가정하는 시행간 독립성이 결여된 경우가 대부분이므로 그 자료에 고전적 이항분포이론을 그대로 적용할 경우 잘못된 분석 결과를 얻게 된다. 따라서, 최근에 이러한 가정이 타당하지 않은 경우에 대한 새로운 확률분포모형이 많이 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 이중 한 일반화 이항분포모형을 소개하고, 그 모형에서 정의된 시행간 종속성 규정모수의 두 가지 추정량의 특성을 모의실험을 통하여 비교하여 본다.

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간선도로 기능별 보행사고 심각도 분석과 모형 개발 (Pedestrian Accident Severity Analysis and Modeling by Arterial Road Function)

  • 백태헌;박민규;박병호
    • 한국도로학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2014
  • PURPOSES: The purposes are to analyze the pedestrian accident severity and to develop the accident models by arterial road function. METHODS: To analyze the accident, count data and ordered logit models are utilized in this study. In pursuing the above, this study uses pedestrian accident data from 2007 to 2011 in Cheongju. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, daytime, Tue.Wed.Thu., over-speeding, male pedestrian over 65 old are selected as the independent variables to increase pedestrian accident severity. Second, as the accident models of main and minor arterial roads, the negative binomial models are developed, which are analyzed to be statistically significant. Third, such the main variables related to pedestrian accidents as traffic and pedestrian volume, road width, number of exit/entry are adopted in the models. Finally, Such the policy guidelines as the installation of pedestrian fence, speed hump and crosswalks with pedestrian refuge area, designated pedestrian zone, and others are suggested for accident reduction. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzed the pedestrian accident severity, and developed the negative binomial accident models. The results of this study expected to give some implications to the pedestrian safety improvement in Cheongju.

토빗모형을 이용한 교차로 보행자 사고모형 개발 (Developing the Pedestrian Accident Models of Intersections using Tobit Model)

  • 이승주;임진강;박병호
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.154-159
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    • 2014
  • This study deals with the pedestrian accidents of intersections in case of Cheongju. The objective is to develop the pedestrian accident models using Tobit regression model. In pursuing the above, the pedestrian accident data from 2007 to 2011 were collected from TAAS data set of Road Traffic Authority. To analyze the accident, Poisson, negative binomial and Tobit regression models were utilized in this study. The dependent variable were the number of accident by intersection. Independent variables are traffic volume, intersection geometric structure and the transportation facility. The main results were as follows. First, Tobit model was judged to be more appropriate model than other models. Also, these models were analyzed to be statistically significant. Second, such the main variables related to accidents as traffic volume, pedestrian volume, number of traffic island, crossing length and the pedestrian countdown signal systems were adopted in the above model.

가산자료(count data)의 과산포 검색: 일반화 과정 (Overdispersion in count data - a review)

  • 김병수;오경주;박철용
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.147-161
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    • 1995
  • 생검실험에서는 다산을 통해 번식하는 쥐와 같은 설치류 동물들을 실험대상으로 하여 이항분포나 포아송분포 하에서 가산자료(count data)를 많이 생성한다. 다산을 통해 태어난 동물들을 독립적인 실험대상으로 간주하여 자료분석을 하면, 同腹仔 효과로 인해 기존의 평균과 분산사이의 관계를 벗어나는 과산포현상이 종종 나타난다. 이러한 현상을 무시했을 때 모수추정치에 대한 분산을 과소추정하고, 이로 인하여 가설검정에서 낮은 검정력을 갖게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최근 10년간 과산포현상을 검색하는 통계량들과 과산포를 반영하는 모형들이 제시되었는데, 이를 개관하고 이러한 절차들의 일반화 과정을 자료 유형별로 비교분석한다.

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부모기로의 전이기 어머니의 부모교육 참여경험과 생태체계적 접근에 기반한 관련 변인 연구 (Parenting Education Participation of Mothers in the Transition to Parenthood and Related Variables From the Ecological Systematic Perspective)

  • 정유진
    • 한국가족관계학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.131-156
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    • 2016
  • Objective: This study aimed to examine parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. Method: A study sample was composed of 870 mothers whose first child was younger than one-year old from the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2008(mean age=30.1, SD = 3.69). The descriptive statistics of parenting education participation were presented. In addition, negative binomial and logistic regression models were used in Stata13 in order to examine the variables related to parenting education participation of mothers in the transition to parenthood. Results: Approximately 82% of the mothers reported that they had participated in at least one parenting education program. Further, mother's educational level, monthly household income, mother's working experience, and community type generally predicted parenting education participation of mothers. However, the effects of these variables varied by the subjects and the providing institutions. Conclusion: This study provides the overall picture of parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. The findings can be utilized to plan more effective parenting education programs for new parents.

Evaluation on Large-scale Biowaste Process: Spent Coffee Ground Along with Real Option Approach

  • Junho Cha;Sujin Eom;Subin Lee;Changwon Lee;Soonho Hwangbo
    • 청정기술
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2023
  • This study aims to introduce a biowaste processing system that uses spent coffee grounds and implement a real options method to evaluate the proposed process. Energy systems based on eco-friendly fuels lack sufficient data, and thus along with conventional approaches, they lack the techno-economic assessment required for great input qualities. On the other hand, real options analysis can estimate the different costs of options, such as continuing or abandoning a project, by considering uncertainties, which can lead to better decision-making. This study investigated the feasibility of a biowaste processing method using spent coffee grounds to produce biofuel and considered three different valuation models, which were the net present value using discounted cash flow, the Black-Scholes and binomial models. The suggested biowaste processing system consumes 200 kg/h of spent coffee grounds. The system utilizes a tilted-slide pyrolysis reactor integrated with a heat exchanger to warm the air, a combustor to generate a primary heat source, and a series of condensers to harness the biofuel. The result of the net present value is South Korean Won (KRW) -225 million, the result of the binomial model is KRW 172 million, and the result of the Black-Scholes model is KRW 1,301 million. These results reveal that a spent coffee ground-related biowaste processing system is worthy of investment from a real options valuation perspective.

Evaluation of Related Risk Factors in Number of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Carpet Weavers in Iran

  • Karimi, Nasim;Moghimbeigi, Abbas;Motamedzade, Majid;Roshanaei, Ghodratollah
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.322-325
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    • 2016
  • Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common problem among carpet weavers. This study was undertaken to introduce affecting personal and occupational factors in developing the number of MSDs among carpet weavers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 862 weavers in seven towns with regard to workhouse location in urban or rural regions. Data were collected by using questionnaires that contain personal, workplace, and information tools and the modified Nordic MSDs questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by applying Poisson and negative binomial mixed models using a full Bayesian hierarchical approach. The deviance information criterion was used for comparison between models and model selection. Results: The majority of weavers (72%) were female and carpet weaving was the main job of 85.2% of workers. The negative binomial mixed model with lowest deviance information criterion was selected as the best model. The criteria showed the convergence of chains. Based on 95% Bayesian credible interval, the main job and weaving type variables statistically affected the number of MSDs, but variables age, sex, weaving comb, work experience, and carpet weaving looms were not significant. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that occupational factors are associated with the number of MSDs developing among carpet weavers. Thus, using standard tools and decreasing hours of work per day can reduce frequency of MSDs among carpet weavers.