• 중국문학
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• 제97권
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• pp.173-200
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• 2018

베이핑(北平)의 문화 살롱은 1930년대 중국 문화사의 독특한 풍경으로 학술과 예술에 대한 관대함을 지닌 도시 환경 속에서 만들어졌는데, 그 대표적인 예로 린후이인(林徽因)의 '마나님의 응접실(太太的客廳)'과 주광첸(朱光潛)의 '시 읽기 모임(讀詩會)'을 꼽을 수 있다. '마나님의 응접실'은 1937년 중일전쟁 발생 전까지 베이핑을 대표하는 문화 살롱으로 자리매김하였고, 그들은 정해진 주제 없이 즉흥적이고 자유로운, 다소 산만한 분위기 속에서 모임을 진행하였다. 반면 베이징대학과 칭화대학을 중심으로 학자⋅평론가·시인·이론가 등이 총망라된 주광첸의 '시 읽기 모임'은 주된 목적이 신시의 성공적인 낭독 가능성을 실험하기 위함인만큼 학술적인 경향이 강했다. 두 문화 살롱은 '경파(京派)' 발전에 큰 영향을 미치고 문단을활성화시켰다는 측면에서 긍정적인 평가를 받고 있지만, 이들 모임에 드나들었던 멤버들은빙신(冰心)과 첸중수(錢鍾書)의 영사(影射) 소설 <우리 마나님의 응접실(我们太太的客厅)>(1933)과 <고양이(猫)>(1946) 속에서 허세적이고 위선적인 인물로 풍자되었다. 따라서 본고에서는 당시 문화지형도에 미친 긍정적인 영향력을 살펴봄과 동시에, 모임에 참여하지 않은 당대의 인텔리 지식인들에게는 이들이 어떻게 비춰졌는지, 두 문화 살롱에 대한 양가적 시선을통해 1930년대 문화 살롱을 정확히 살펴볼 기회를 마련해 보았다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2017

This paper proposes a point of common coupling (PCC) voltage compensation method for islanding microgrids using an improved power sharing control scheme among distributed generators (DGs) without communication. The PCC voltage compensation algorithm is implemented in the droop control scheme to reduce the PCC voltage deviation produced by the droop controller itself and the voltage drop on the line impedance. The control scheme of each individual DG unit is designed to use only locally measured feedback variables and an obtained line impedance to calculate the PCC voltage. Therefore, traditional voltage measurement devices installed at the PCC as well as communication between the PCC and the DGs are not required. The proposed control scheme can maintain the PCC voltage amplitude within an allowed range even to some extent assuming inaccurate line impedance parameters. In addition, it can achieve proper power sharing in islanding microgrids. Experimental results obtained under accurate and inaccurate line impedances are presented to show the performance of the proposed control scheme in islanding microgrids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1082-1091
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• 2024

The antioxidant capacity and protective effect of peptides from protein hydrolysate of Cordyceps militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (ECPs) on H₂O₂-injured HepG2 cells were studied. Results indicated ECP1 (<3 kDa) presented the strongest antioxidant activity compared with other molecular weight peptides. Pretreated with ECPs observably enhanced survival rates and reduced apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells. ECPs treatment decreased the ROS level, MDA content and increased CAT and GSH-Px activities of HepG2 cells. Besides, the morphologies of natural peptides from C. militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (NCP1) and ECP1 were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characterization results suggested the structure of NCP1 was changed by enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. Most of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids contents (ACC) in ECP1 were also observably improved by enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, low molecular weight peptides had potential value in the development of cosmetics and health food.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.952-961
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• 2024

Objective: Stocking density (SD) is an important issue in the poultry industry, which is related to the production performance, intestinal health and immune status. In the present study, the effects of SD on the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid as well as the related functions of the liver and kidney in ducks were examined. Methods: A total of 360 healthy 56-day-old Shan-ma ducks were randomly divided into the low stocking density (n = 60, density = 5 birds/m²), medium stocking density (n = 120, density = 10 birds/m²) and high stocking density groups (HSD; n = 180, density = 15 birds/m²). Samples were collected in the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks of the experiment for analysis. Results: The serum levels of uric acid, lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were increased significantly in the HSD group. Serious histopathological lesions could be seen in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group in the 9th week. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and related pathway components (toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, and nuclear factor-κB) were increased significantly in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group. The mRNA expression levels of enzymes (adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1) related to the synthesis of uric acid increased significantly in the livers in the HSD group. However, the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 2 member 9, which plays an important role in the excretion of uric acid by the kidney, was decreased significantly in the kidneys in the HSD group. Conclusion: These results indicated that a higher SD could cause tissue inflammatory lesions in the liver and kidney and subsequently affect the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid, and is helpful for guiding decisions related to the breeding and production of ducks.