• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.407-412
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• 2010

Homeodomain (HD) is a highly conserved DNA-binding domain composed of helix-turn-helix motif. Drosophila Vnd (Ventral nervous system defective) containing HD acts as a regulator to either enhance or suppress gene expression upon binding to its target sequence. In this study, kinetic analysis of Vnd binding to DNA was performed. The result demonstrates that DNA-binding affinity of the recombinant protein containing HD and NK2-specific domain (NK2-SD) was higher than that of the full-length Vnd. To access whether phosphorylation sites within HD and NK2-SD affect the interaction of the protein with the target sequence, alanine substitutions were introduced. The result shows that S631A mutation within NK2-SD does not contribute significantly to the DNA-binding affinity. However, S571A and T600A mutations within HD showed lower affinity for DNA binding. In addition, DNA-binding analysis using embryonic nuclear protein also demonstrates that Vnd interacts with other nuclear proteins, suggesting the existence of Vnd as a complex.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2011

Auxin is a group of small natural and synthetic molecules having diverse regulatory functions in plant growth and development. In this review, two auxin binding proteins identified by biochemical experiments to measure their auxin binding activities and biochemical functions are described. ABP1, a 22 kDa auxin binding protein, shows strong auxin binding affinity and possibly plays an important role in plant development, although its biochemical function are still unclear. ABP57, a 57 kDa soluble protein from rice shoots, has both of IAA binding activity and the plasma membrane proton pump activation. Although it is yet to be accomplished, the improvement of agronomic traits using auxin binding proteins is worth to be considered, since auxin is known to be related to such a diverse crop traits.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2000

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils undergo diaphoresis after a selectin-mediated rolling on the endothelial cells of the blood vessel wall. Extravasation is believed to be an integrin-mediated process. Galectin-1 is a small dimeric beta-galactoside-binding protein synthesized by the endotherial cells and present in the perivascular connective tissue. In this study we suggest the possible role of galectin-1 in extravasation of the activated neutrophils. MAL lectin binding study showed, that f-MetLeuPhe-activated neutrophils decrease surface sialylation and increase galectin-1 binding via exposure of new galectin-1 binding sites. Desialylated HL-60 cells also show the same decrease in MAL binding and increase in galectin-1 binding, an increase which was not observed in the presence of lactose. Galectin-1 blotting analysis detected two possible major ligands (approximately 120 and 160 kDa) of galectin-1 from the desialylated HL-60 cell lysates.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1999

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) I san enzyme that catalyzed the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of chylomicrons and VLDL to produce 20acylglycerols and fatty acids. The enzyme, LPL, is localized on the surface of the capillary endothelium and is widely distributed in extrahepatic tissues including heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. LPL has been isolated from boving milk by affinity chromatography on heparin-separose in 2 M NaCL, 5mM barbital buffer, pH 7.4. To elucidate the lipid-binding regin, LPL was digested with trypsin and then separated by gel filtration. Lipid binding region of LPL has been investigated by recombining LPL peptides with DMPC vesicles. Proteolytic LPL fragments with DMPC were reassembled and stabilized by cholate. Lipid-binding region of LPL was identified by a PTH-automated protein sequencer, as AQQHYPVSAGYTK. The analysis of the secondary structure of the lipid-binding peptides revealed a higher probability of $\alpha$-helix structure compared to the whole LPL protein. The prediction of hydrophobicity of lipid -binding region was highly hydrophobic (-1.1) compared to LPL polypetide(-0.4).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 1982

The binding of the 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate(ANS) to bovine serum albumin was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of pH, ionic strength, and protein concentration on the binding of ANS to protein were compared. The binding between ANS and protein was dependent on pH and ionic strength. It seems that both hydrophobic binding and some electrostatic forces are involved in the binding of ANS to protein. The binding constants for ANS increased with increasing protein concentration. This suggests the possibility of a sharing of one ANS molecule by more than one protein molecule at relatively high protein concentration.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider some aspects of binding properties that bind an anonymous user with messages. According to whether all the messages or some part of the messages are bound with an anonymous user, the protocol is said to satisfy the full binding property or the partial binding property, respectively. We propose methods to combine binding properties and anonymity-based authenticated key agreement protocols. Our protocol with the full binding property guarantees that while no participant's identity is revealed, a participant completes a key agreement protocol confirming that all the received messages came from the other participant. Our main idea is to use an anonymous signature scheme with a signer-controlled yet partially enforced linkability. Our protocols can be modified to provide additional properties, such as revocable anonymity. We formally prove that the constructed protocols are secure.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2010

To isolate a calcium-binding peptide from chlorella protein hydrolysates, chlorella protein was extracted and hydrolyzed using Flavourzyme, a commercial protease. The degree of hydrolysis and calcium-binding capacity were determined using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and orthophenanthroline methods, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorella protein for 6 hr was sufficient for the preparation of chlorella protein hydrolysates. The hydrolysates of chlorella protein were then ultra-filtered under 5 kDa as molecular weight. The membrane-filtered solution was fractionated using ion exchange, reverse phase, normal phase chromatography, and fast protein liquid chromatography to identify a calcium-binding peptide. The purified calcium-binding peptide had a calcium binding activity of 0.166 mM and was determined to be 700.48 Da as molecular weight, and partially identified as a peptide containing Asn-Ser-Gly-Cys based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrum.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.242.3-243
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• 2003

The compound of 2"-O-benzoylcinnamaldehyde(CB-ph) is a derivative of 2"-hydroxycinnamaldehyde whcih is a methanol extract of cinnamomum cassia blume. It"s a new anti-cancer agent which has been showed to inhibit the growth of various tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In order to investigate the effective drug concentration and bio-distribution of CB-ph, the plasma protein binding was studied. In this study, the degree of the binding of Cb-ph to various serum proteins, the binding parameters, the binding site of CB-ph in human serum albumin, and the effect of some extensive protein-binding drugs on the protein binding of CB-ph in human serum ablumin were investigated respectively by ultrafilteration and fluorescence spectrometry. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 1994

Many evidences are compatible with the correlation between the inhibition of [$^3H$] imipramine([$^3H$]IMI) and [$^3H$]paroxetine([$^3H$]PAT) binding to the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) transporter complex and the 5-HT uptake of 5-HT neurons and platelets, and most antidepressants have been shown to inhibit the [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding and the neuronal 5-HT uptake. However, several paradoxical research findings led to doubt about the pharmacological significance of the [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding sites. This study was carried to clarify the correlation between the [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding parameters and the tissue 5-HT content or/and [$^3H$]5-HT uptake in the rabbit platelet, which contains 40 times ad much 5-HT as that of human platelet and shows the 10 fold higher $B_{max}$ of the 5-HT transporter binding to a 5-HT uptake inhibitor. The rabbits were treated for 28 days with amitriptyline(4mg/kg/day : AP), fluoxetine(0.5mg/kg/day : FO), and sertraline(0.5mg/kg/day : SA) via an Alzet osmotic pump implanted for constant infusion. The [$^3H$]IMI binding $B_{max}$ and $K_d$ of the rabbit platelets were $6.4{\pm}1.2$pmol/mg protein and $10.9{\pm}2.1$nM and those in the [$^3H$]PAT binding were $8.6{\pm}1.1$pmol/mg protein and $1.6{\pm}0.3$nM, respectively. AP slightly increased $B_{max}$ of [$^3H$]IMI binding and both [$^3H$]IMI binding and [$^3H$]PAT binding $K_d$, and i contrast, it slightly decreased $B_{max}$ of [$^3H$]PAT binding. FO Slightly increased $K_d$ of both and [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding and slightly decreased $B_{max}$ of [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding. SA produced the significant increase of [$^3H$]PAT binding $B_{max}$ and the slight increase of both [$^3H$]IMI and [$^3H$]PAT binding $K_d$ and in contrast, it slightly decreased $B_{max}$ and of [$^3H$]IMI binding. And, the $V_{max}$ and $K_m$ of platelet [$^3H$]5-HT uptake were $24.2{\pm}2.4$pmol/$10^8$ platelets/min and $3.3{\pm}0.3$nM, respectively. The $V_{max}$ was little affected by AP, FO, or SA, but the [$^3H$]5-HT uptake $K_m$ value was moderately increased by FO. However, the platelet 5-HT content was moderately decreased by all of the 5-HT uptake inhibitors used in this study. These results seem to be consistent with the allosterical and competitive interaction of 5-HT uptake inhibiting antidepressants with each other as well as 5-HT in the 5-HT transporter binding, and provide no support for the view that the potencies of 5-HT uptake inhibitors to inhibit the [$^3H$]IMI or [$^3H$]PAT binding with 5-HT transporter complex correlate with their antidepressant potencies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.381-384
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• 1995

Covalent binding of the reactive metabolites of SC_42867 to microsomal proteins has been examined. In the absence of inhibitor of cytochrome oxydase (.alpha.-naphtyl-isothiocyanate) or a radical scavenger (3-terthiobuty-4-hydroxyanisol), up to 4.0% of total redioactivity used in the assay could irreversibly bind to proteins. In the presence of an inhibitor, the highest percentage of covalent binding observed is 0.7% a significant decrease of the metabolism of SC42876 was observed. These results suggest in a cytochrome P-450 dependent generation of SC_42867 metabolites significantly take part in the covalent binding process.