• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

The hepato-protective activity of the GODEX (Hepadif-s capsule) has been studied in the rats against $CCl_4$-ethanol induced liver toxicity. The rats were oral1y treated with $CCl_4$ (corn oil/ $CCl_4$ 1:1, 1 mg/kg). And one week passes, $CCl_4$(0.4 mg/kg) administered two times a week for 7 weeks. The drugs have been administered every two days for 4 weeks after $CCl_4$ injection. The experimental groups have consisted of the GODEX (250 mg/kg), Hepadif (200 mg/kg), DDB complex (DDB 50 mg/kg and garlic oil powder 50 mg/kg), DDB (50 mg/kg), and vehicle control respectively. There was a significant decrement on the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin in all treated groups. Specially, ALT level of GODEX and Hepadif only treated groups was decreased c1early. Also, serum albumin level was significantly enhanced in GODEX treated group compared with control and DDB treated groups. In histological results, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, lobular restructure and necrosis of bile duct were severely showed in control. But other treated groups showed centerilobular degeneration and mild hyper-plasia. Hepadif or DDB has a effects of the recovery on serum parameters and structure ill liver injury. When it was compared GODEX to Hepadif alone or DDB complex or DDB, it suggested to have the best activity of the liver recovery.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1968

Radiographic visualization of the pancreas is a difficult problem, but the direct visualization of the pancreas is possible by the injection of the amino-acid methionine tagged with $selenium^{75}$75 ($Se^{75}$). In order to know the diagnostic value of pancreas scanning, scans were performed on 23 cases using $selenium^{75}$-selenomethionine. These cases were also given egg white, probanthine and morphine. 1. Good visualization of the pancreas scanning was observed on 19 cases, presumably with normal pancreas. 2. A case which showed diffusely decreased uptake on pancreas scanning was proven to have lesions in the bile duct and the gall bladder. 3. Of those two cases which showed localized cold area, one had pancreas cyst and the other one was not explored. 4. A case which showed no visualization of the pancreas was proven to have pancreatic carcinoma. 5. Two cases which showed widened duodenal loop by upper gastro-intestinal series revealed normal pancreas scanning, and no pancreatic disease was found in both cases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2003

This survey of endoparasite infections among stray cats in Korea has been carried out during November 1995 to October 1997. A total of 215 stray cats were collected from SeoulㆍGyeonggi (54), Gangwon (38), Chungchong (34), Jeonla (38), and Gyeoungsang (51) areas. The positive rate of endoparasites was 184 (85.6%) cats among 215. Of isolated parasites, nematodes were the most often detected parasites especially Toxocara cati (102 cats), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (9 cats). The next most often detected parasites were cestodes (60/215; 27.9%) sepecially Spirometra erinaecei (34 cats), Taenia taeniaformis (26 cats). Opisthorchis tenuicollis was found in bile duct (9 cats) and Isospora spp. were identified in 41 cats (19.1 %). In mixed parasite infection, the rate of infections of nematodes, trematodes and protozoas was 3.3%, nematodes and cestodes with 8.8%, nematodes and protozoa with 4.2%, cestodes and protozoa with 1.9%. In parasitic infection by a considering age category, age from 2 to 4 years had the highest infection (92.3%), 1-2 years were 87.6%, over 4 years was 80.0%. 79.6 percents of the stray cats in SeoulㆍKyounggi areas were ranked the 1st in parasite infection. The next was Kyoungsang 76.5%, Kangwon 65.8%, Cholla 63.2% and Chungchong 61.8% in order. Considering age categories from birth to greater than 4 years, parasite infections were most prevalent in cats 2 to 4 years old; other ages seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. Also sex seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. In endoparasite infection, nematode and cestode infections were most frequently found, trematode infections were low, coccidiosis was showed very often.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.1 s.52
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

Reproduction and organ structure of the pale chub, Zacco platypus in Isa stream were investigated by means of histological methods. The results of the study confirmed reproductive abnormality and histopathological features in the pale chub. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the fish showed two peak in April and August. In summer season, GSI of the male was about two times of the female's GSI. Monthly variation of the gonadal development was very irregular. From the histological analysis of the organ structure, epidermal atrophy, necrosis and hyperplasia of pigment cell were observed in the skin. Epithelial layer lifting and clubbing of the lamella and bifurcation of the filament were observed in the gill. Also histological changes as congestion, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatic cell, degeneration of bile duct, glomerular dilatation, degeneration of renal tubule and pycnosis of interstitial cell were identified in the liver and kidney, respectively.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2002

When jaundice persists for more than 14 days postnatally, the early diagnosis of surgical jaundice is important for the prognosis in extrahepatic biliary atresia after draining procedure. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy to differenctiate medical causes of jaundice from biliary atresia is evaluated in this report. Four patients with prolonged jaundice have been included in this study. When the gallbladder was not visualized we proceeded to laparotomy. In patients with enlarged gallbladder visualized at laparoscopy, laparoscopic guided cholangiogram was performed, and laparoscopic liver biopsy was done for those who had a patent biliary tree. Two patients had small atretic gallbladder and underwent a Kasai hepato-portoenterostomy. One patients showed a patent gallbladder and common bile duct with atresia of the common hepatic and intrahepatic ducts, and they underwent a Kasai hepatic-portoenterostomy. One patient showed an enlarged gallbladder and laparoscopic-guided cholangiogram were normal. Laparoscopic liver biopsy was performed. There were no complications. Laparoscopy with laparoscopic-guided cholangiogram may be a valuable method in accurate and earlier diagnosis in an infant with prolonged jaundice.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.596-599
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• 2018

An 89-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of hepatolithiasis causing recurrent cholangitis. He had undergone a prior Whipple procedure. Computed tomography demonstrated left-sided hepatolithiasis. First, we conducted peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using an ultraslim endoscope. Although PDCS was successfully conducted, it was unsuccessful in removing all the stones. The stones located in the B2 segment were difficult to remove because the endoscope could not be inserted deeply into this segment due to the small size of the intrahepatic bile duct. Next, we substituted the endoscope with an upper gastrointestinal endoscope. After positioning the endoscope, the SpyGlass digital system (SPY-DS) was successfully inserted deep into the B2 segment. Upon visualizing the residual stones, we conducted SPY-DS-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The stones were disintegrated and completely removed. In cases of PDCS failure, a treatment strategy using the SPY-DS can be considered for patients with hepatolithiasis after a Whipple procedure.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 2021

A 12-year-old male American Cocker Spaniel was diagnosed with a type of chronic hepatits (CH) called cholangioheaptits. Routine supportive medication was administered to the patient, and ex vivo boosted immune cell (EBI-C) therapy was used for the treatment. A histopathologic examination of the liver 19 months later revealed that the cholangiohepatitis had progressed to cholangiocarcinoma. The medication and immune cell therapy was maintained. Two months after the new diagnosis, the patient's state worsened, and the dog died 635 days after the first visit. EBI-C therapy is a type of immunotherapy, where immune cells are isolated from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expanded ex vivo, and then infused into the patient intravenously every two weeks. EBI-Cs (mean: 2.78 × 10⁸ cells) were obtained 38 times and infused every two weeks. Most EBI-C were T-lymphocytes (99.24% of total EBI cells). T-lymphocytes produce large interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ inhibits liver fibrosis in dogs with CH. Moreover, in bile duct cancer, an increase in T-lymphocytes correlates with decreasing tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, we propose that EBI-C therapy is applicable as a new supportive therapy for canine liver disease if other treatments like drug medication, surgery, or radiation are unavailable.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2017

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare pancreatic neoplasms comprising 1-2% of all pancreatic tumors and typically present high attenuating mass on arterial and venous phase images, due to their rich capillary network. A 70-year-old South Korean female visited our hospital presenting with jaundice and dark urine color. She had received an operation for treatment of small bowel perforation seven years ago. On physical examination, icteric sclera was observed but otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory tests were abnormal liver function test and suspected obstructive jaundice. Computed tomography revealed 4 cm sized cystic mass lesion with homogeneous low attenuation in the head of pancreas and distal common bile duct was compressed by the mass. During review of past medical records, we found that the mass was observed and measured about 1.7 cm seven years ago. To resolve obstructive jaundice, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed and diagnosed with well differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with intermediate grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.298-314
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• 2021

Owing to the anatomic complexity of the hepatic hilum, it has been considered difficult to diagnose and treat peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Currently, imaging studies, including contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, play a crucial role in the detection, characterization, staging, and resectability assessment of peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, the classification of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and proposed imaging protocol for the evaluation will be discussed. The typical imaging finding of peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma, evaluation of longitudinal tumor extent, adjacent vascular invasion, and distant metastasis will also be mentioned. Finally, traditional concepts and recent updates for the resectability assessment of peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma will be introduced.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2023

Advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) with inaccessible papilla poses a significant challenge to endoscopists, as drainage of multiple liver segments may be warranted. Transpapillary drainage may not be feasible in patients with surgically altered anatomy, duodenal stenosis, prior duodenal self-expanding metal stent, and after initial transpapillary drainage, but require re-intervention for draining separated liver segments. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) and percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage are the feasible options in this scenario. The major advantages of EUS-BD over percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage include a reduction in patient discomfort and internal drainage away from the tumor, thus reducing the possibility of tissue or tumor ingrowth. With innovations, EUS-BD is helpful not only for bilateral communicating MHBO but also for non-communicating systems with bridging hilar stents or isolated right intra-hepatic duct drainage by hepatico-duodenostomy. EUS-guided multi-stent drainage with specially designed cannulas and guidewires has become a reality. A combined approach with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for re-intervention, interventional radiology, and intraductal tumor ablative therapies has been reported. Stent migration and bile leakage can be minimized with proper stent selection and technique, and stent blocks can be managed with EUS-guided interventions in a majority of cases. Future comparative studies are required to establish the role of EUS-guided interventions in MHBO as rescue or primary therapy.