• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

Ameliorating mechanisms of red ginseng on learning deficits were investigated in the following 3 experiments; its effects on 1) place learning deficits in aged rats and in young rats with selective hippocampal lesions (behavioral study), 2) long-term potentiation in the hippocampal formation (neuro- physiological study), and 3) ChAT (choline acetyl transferase) activity in various brain regions of aged rats (pharmacological study). In the behavioral study, first, performance in the place learning tasks were compared among 3 groups of young and aged rats; control young intact rats (10-12 week old) treated with water, aged rats (28-32 month old) treated with water, and aged rats (28-32 month old) treated with red ginseng (100 mghglday) suspended in water. Second, performance in the place learning tasks was compared among 3 groups of young rats; control intact rats treated with water, rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions treated with water, and rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions treated with red ginseng (100 mg/kg/day). Each rat in these 2 behavioral experiments was tested with the 3 types of the place learning tasks in a circular open field using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as reward. The ICSS reward was delivered if the rat (1) moved distance of 100-160 cm (DMT): (2) entered an experiment-determined reward place within the open field, and this place was randomly varied in sequential trials (RRPST); or (3) entered 2 specific places, and did a shuttle behavior between the 2 places (PLT). Performance of the aged rats in the ginseng group was not significantly different from that of control young rats in ICSS (current intensity, bar press rates), DMT and RRPST. However, treatment with red ginseng significantly ameliorated place-navigation learning deficits in aged rats in the PLT. Similarly, red ginseng ameliorated learning and memory deficits in young rats with hippocampal lesions in the same tasks. In the neurophysiological study using young rats, perfusion of hippocampal slices with non-sapon in fraction of red ginseng significantly enhanced magnitudes of the long-term potentiation (LfP) in the CA3 subfield. In the pharmacological study, treatment with red ginseng did not affect ChAT activity in aged rat brain including the hippocampal formation. These results strongly suggest that red ginseng ameliorates learning and memory deficits in aged rats through actions on the CA3 subfield of the hippocampal formation, which were independent of the presynaptic components of the cholinergic system

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

Purpose: To determine feasibility of RapidArc in sequential or simultaneous integrated tumor boost in whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for poor prognostic patients with four or more brain metastases. Materials and Methods: Nine patients with multiple (${\geq}4$) brain metastases were analyzed. Three patients were classified as class II in recursive partitioning analysis and 6 were class III. The class III patients presented with hemiparesis, cognitive deficit, or apraxia. The ratio of tumor to whole brain volume was 0.8-7.9%. Six patients received 2-dimensional bilateral WBRT, (30 Gy/10-12 fractions), followed by sequential RapidArc tumor boost (15-30 Gy/4-10 fractions). Three patients received RapidArc WBRT with simultaneous integrated boost to tumors (48-50 Gy) in 10-20 fractions. Results: The median biologically effective dose to metastatic tumors was 68.1 $Gy_{10}$ and 67.2 $Gy_{10}$ and the median brain volume irradiated more than 100 $Gy_3$ were 1.9% (24 $cm^3$) and 0.8% (13 $cm^3$) for each group. With less than 3 minutes of treatment time, RapidArc was easily applied to the patients with poor performance status. The follow-up period was 0.3-16.5 months. Tumor responses among the 6 patients who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging were partial and stable in 3 and 3, respectively. Overall survival at 6 and 12 months were 66.7% and 41.7%, respectively. The local progression-free survival at 6 and 12 months were 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Conclusion: RapidArc as a component in whole brain radiation therapy for poor prognostic, multiple brain metastases is an effective and safe modality with easy application.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2002

Background : The term "mononeuropathy multiplex" means simultaneous or sequential involvement of individual noncontiguous nerve trunks, evolving over days to years. The aim of this study was to delineate the causes, clinical features, and detailed electrophysiological findings in the patients with mononeuropathy multiplex. Methods : We analyzed the medical records of 22 patients with mononeuropathy multiplex confirmed on electrophysiological studies in Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, and Seoul National University Hospital between 1991 to 2000. Results : The number of male and female patients was equal. The mean age was 48 years with a peak incidence in the sixth decade. The etiology could be divided into vasculitis(11 patients) or non-vasculitis group. In vasculitis group, Churg-Strauss syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, and rheumatoid arthritis were included. The non-vasculitis group included diabetes mellitus, leprosy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ulnar and median nerves were most commonly involved(91%). In descending order of frequency, peroneal, posterior tibial, sural, and radial nerves were also involved. Bilateral involvement occurred most commonly in ulnar nerve. The symptoms and signs of mononeuropathy multiplex were the initial manifestations in 12 patients(55%), which was more frequent in vasculitis group(73%). Nerve conduction abnormalities could be divided into axonal, demyelinating, or mixed type. Most(91%) of the patients in vasculitis group revealed axonal type abnormalities. The location of the nerve lesion was frequently related to potential site of entrapment in demyelinating type. Conclusions : Mononeuropathy multiplex is the presenting features of the etiological disease frequently, especially in vasculitis group. Nerve conduction studies(NCS) reveals not only axonal type but also demyelinating type abnormalities. The etiological diseases were different in each type. Therefore, NCS is very helpful for the early etiological diagnosis and therapeutic implication in the patients with mononeuropathy multiplex.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2006

Backgrounds: MEG can measure the task-specific neurophysiologic activity with good spatial and time resolution. Language lateralization using noninvasive method has been a subject of interest in resective brain surgery. We purposed to develop a paradigm for language lateralization using MEG and validate its feasibility. Methods: Magnetic fields were obtained in 12 neurosurgical candidates and one volunteer for language tasks, with a 306 channel whole head MEG. Language tasks were word listening, reading and picture naming. We tested two word listening paradigms: semantic decision of meaning of abstract nouns, and recognition of repeated words. The subjects were instructed to silently name or read, and respond with pushing button or not. We decided language dominance according to the number of acceptable equivalent current dipoles (ECD) modeled by sequential single dipole, and the mean magnetic field strength by root mean square value, in each hemisphere. We collected clinical data including Wada test. Results: Magnetic fields evoked by word listening were generally distributed in bilateral temporoparietal areas with variable hemispheric dominance. Language tasks using visual stimuli frequently evoked magnetic field in posterior midline area, which made laterality decision difficult. Response during task resulted in more artifacts and different results depending on responding hand. Laterality decision with mean magnetic field strength was more concordant with Wada than the method with ECD number of each hemisphere. Conclusions: Word listening task without hand response is the most feasible paradigm for language lateralization using MEG. Mean magnetic field strength in each hemisphere is a proper index for hemispheric dominance.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2018

Background and Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the effect of early cochlear implantation (CI) performed in infants less than 12 months of age. Subjects and Method Twenty-five children who received their first CI before 12 months of age were included in this study (infant group). The speech perception and language outcomes of these children were compared with those of 14 children who received their first CI between 13 and 24 months of age (older group). All children received sequential bilateral CI with the inter-stage interval of less than 2 years. Speech perception was measured using Categories of Auditory Performance, monosyllabic word test and sentence test, and language ability was measured using Sequenced Language Scale for Infants, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale, or Receptive & Expressive Vocavulary Test, depending on the age at the time of testing. Results There were no significant differences in speech perception abilities between the infant group and the older group. The mean expressive language score of infant group was higher than that of the older group, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the receptive language score of infant group was significantly higher than that of the older group. Conclusion Children who received CI before 12 months of age achieved better receptive language ability than those who received it after 12 months of age. Thus CI should be performed as early as before 12 months of age to achieve better language ability.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compared sequential changes in skeletal stability and the pharyngeal airway following mandibular setback surgery involving fixation with either a titanium or a bioabsorbable plate and screws. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with mandibular prognathism undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy by titanium or bioabsorbable fixation were randomly selected in this study. Lateral cephalometric analysis was conducted preoperatively and at 1 week, 3-6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Mandibular stability was assessed by examining horizontal (BX), vertical (BY), and angular measurements including the sella-nasion to point B angle and the mandibular plane angle (MPA). Pharyngeal airway changes were evaluated by analyzing the nasopharynx, uvula-pharynx, tongue-pharynx, and epiglottis-pharynx (EOP) distances. Mandibular and pharyngeal airway changes were examined sequentially. To evaluate postoperative changes within groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for between-group comparisons. Immediate postoperative changes in the airway were correlated to surgical movements using the Spearman rank test. Results: Significant changes in the MPA were observed in both the titanium and bioabsorbable groups at 3-6 months post-surgery, with significance persisting in the bioabsorbable group at 1 year postoperatively (2.29°±2.28°; P<0.05). The bioabsorbable group also exhibited significant EOP changes (-1.21±1.54 mm; P<0.05) at 3-6 months, which gradually returned to non-significant levels by 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion: Osteofixation using bioabsorbable plates and screws is comparable to that achieved with titanium in long-term skeletal stability and maintaining pharyngeal airway dimensions. However, a tendency for relapse exists, especially regarding the MPA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1998

\ulcorner연구자들은 순차적으로 양측폐를 이식하는 수술수기를 익힘으로서 사람에서 양측 폐이식이 필요로 하는 경우를 대비하고자 본 실험을 계획하였다. 몸무게 25kg 내외의 황견 14마리 준비하였으며 1회 실험에 2마리의 황견이 사용되었으며 이중 1마리는 정중흉골절개하여 폐동맥을 통해 Prostaglandin E1을 20mg/kg을 투여하고 4$^{\circ}C$로 냉각된 Euro-Collin's (E-C) preservation 용액을 70cc/kg 양으로 30 cmH2O의 압력으로 신속히 주입하여 심장-폐를 절제한 후 나머지 1마리를 좌측 흉부절개하여 폐동맥, 상, 하 폐정맥 및 기관지를 노출시킨 후 전폐절제술을 시행하였다. 수술중에 혈압을 계속 측정하면서 출혈이 된 만큼의 피를 수혈하면서 정상혈압을 유지시켰으며 수술후 1시간 간격으로 대퇴동맥압, 폐동맥압과 각각의 산소분압을 측정하였다. 첫번째 실험은 좌측폐를 먼저 이식하여 우측폐이식시 폐동맥압이 증가하여 심장마비로 사망하였는데 이는 좌측폐가 체순환 모두를 감당하기에는 너무적어 폐동맥 고혈압이 온 것으로 생각되고 두번째 실험에서는 우측폐이식후 좌측폐 이식시 수술시야 확보 부족으로 폐동맥 결찰부위에서 출혈이 발생하여 중도에 실험을 종료 할 수밖에 없었다. 다섯번째 실험에서는 우측폐이식후 재관류손상으로 좌측 폐이식이 불가능 하였다. 세번째 실험은 우측폐이식후 좌측폐 이식시 폐동맥압이 증가하였으나 양측 모두 이식후 정상으로 돌아왔다. 그러나 네 번째, 여섯 번째와 일곱 번째 실험은 특별한 문제가 없었다. 이식직전, 일측폐이식후 및 양측폐이식후의 산소 분압차 및 폐동맥압을 비교해보면 산소분압은 수술전에 119.56$\pm$35.728 mmHg에서 86.5$\pm$32, 88.67$\pm$10.22 mmHg로 감소하였고 폐동맥압의 평균은 수술전에 11.4$\pm$5.68 mmHg에서 25.94$\pm$11.53, 29.67$\pm$9.31 mmHg로 증가 하였으나 모두 통계적 의의는 없었다(p>0.05). 양측 폐이식수술에서인 폐동정맥문합부위의 파열, 협착, 뒤틀림 등의 수술수기상의 문제점을 예방하면서 우측폐를 먼저 이식하면서, 폐수술시야를 충분히 확보하고, 재관류손상을 방지하는 경우 cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertention, emphysema와 같은 심한 호흡부전증 환자의 치료방법으로 적합하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2000

Background: We analyzed the result of the "Off-Pump" Coronary Artery Bypass grafting (OPCAB) performed to minimize inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischemia during the aortic cross-clamp period. Material and Method : The preoperative diagnosis operative procedure mortality complication and postoperative course of the 50 patients who underwent OPCAB between January 1998 and September 1998 were analyzed. There were 34 males and 16 females with mean age of 60$\pm$9 years. Preoperative clinical diagnoses were unstable angina in 31(62%) stable angina in 16(32%) and clinical diagnoses were unstable angina in 31(62%) stable angina in 16(32%) and postinfarction angina in 3(6%) patients. Preoperative angiographic diagnoses were three-vessel disease in 25(50%) two-vessel disease in 5(10%) one-vessel disease in 7(14%) and left main disease in 13(26%) patients. There were elective operation in 37 cases and urgent operation in 13 cases. Result: The mean number of grafts was 3.2$\pm$1.2 per patient. Grafts used were unilateral internal thoracic artery in 43 greater saphenous vein in 37 radial artery in 7 bilateral internal thoracic arteries in 4 and right gastroepiploic artery in 2 cases Forty sequential anastomoses were performed in 18 cases. Vessels accessed were left anterior descending artery in 48 diagonal branch in 41 obtuse marginal branch in 30 right coronary artery in 24 posterior descending artery in 9 ramus intermedius in 5 and posterolateral branch in 5 anastomoses. Predischarge coronary angiography performed in 44 patients demonstrated the patency rate of 89.5%(128/143) Operative mortality was 2%(1/150) Postoperative complications were arrhythmia in 5 graft occlusion that needed reoperation in 4. perioperative myocardial infarction in 2 femoral artery thromboembolism developed after the application of IABP in 1 postoperative transient delirium in 1 peripheral compression neuropathy in 1 case. Sixteen patients(32%) were extubated at the operating room and the other patients were extubated at the mean 13$\pm$20 hours after the operation. Mean duration of stay in intensive care unit was 49$\pm$46 hours. Thirteen patients(26%) required blood transfusions perioperatively and the amount of perioperative blood transfusion was mean 0.70$\pm$1.36 pack/patient. Conclusion: OPCAB is suggested to be the ideal technique with less postoperative complication less hospitalization time and less cost.less cost.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2014

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by the congenital impairment of mucociliary clearance. When accompanied by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis, PCD is known as Kartagener syndrome. The main consequence of impaired ciliary function is a reduced mucus clearance from the lungs, and susceptibility to chronic respiratory infections due to opportunistic pathogens, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). There has been no report of NTM lung disease combined with Kartagener syndrome in Korea. Here, we report an adult patient with Kartagener syndrome complicated with Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease. A 37-year-old female presented to our hospital with chronic cough and sputum. She was ultimately diagnosed with M. abscessus lung disease and Kartagener syndrome. M. abscessus was repeatedly isolated from sputum specimens collected from the patient, despite prolonged antibiotic treatment. The patient's condition improved and negative sputum culture conversion was achieved after sequential bilateral pulmonary resection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.870-874
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• 2006

목 적 : 선천성 수신증은 산전 초음파검사로 발견되는 태아기형 중 가장 흔하며 초음파검사의 발달로 인해 발견되는 빈도가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구는 산전 진단되는 선천성 수신증의 빈도 및 임상적 특징들을 알아보고 주요 원인인 신우요관 협착증의 생후 경과에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 1994년 1월부터 2003년 6월말까지 전남대학교 병원 산부인과에서 출생한 총 환아 9,076명을 대상으로 산전 진단된 선천성 수신증의 빈도 및 생후 3일째 호전 빈도를 조사하였다. 또한 상기 기간 동안 소아과에서 산전 진단된 선천성 수신증으로 진료를 받았던 228명(284신단위)을 대상으로 수신증의 임상 특성을 알아보았다. 이들 중 신우 요관 이행부 폐색(222신단위)에 대하여서는 자연 회복군(121신단위)과 수술군(25신단위)에서 초기 수신증의 크기를 비교하였으며, 자연 회복군에서 시간에 따른 신우 크기의 자연 소실 빈도를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 상기 9년 동안 출생했던 환아 총 9,076명중 231명의 환아(2.54%, 293신단위)가 선천성 수신증으로 산전 진단되었으며, 이들 중 생후 3일경 시행한 초음파 검사에서 수신증이 자연호전되었던 경우는 19신단위(6.5%)였다. 상기 기간 동안 소아과진료를 받았던 산전 진단된 선천성 수신증 환아 228명은 일측성 172명(75.4%, 좌측 119명 및 우측 53명), 양측성 56명(24.6%)으로 총 284신단위였으며, 남아(71.9%)가 여아(28.1%)에 비해 많았고, 그 원인으로는 신우요관 이행부 폐색이 222신단위(78.1%)로 가장 흔하였다. 신우요관 이행부 폐색의 경우 자연 회복군(121신단위)에서 초기 신우 전후 직경이 $7.8{\pm}6.28mm$으로 수술군(25신단위)의 $26.8{\pm}12.14mm$보다 통계적으로 유의하게 작았으며, 자연 회복된 경우 1년 이내에 81%에서 자연 호전되었다. 결 론 : 선천성 수신증은 좌측신장이 우측에 비하여, 남아가 여아에 비하여 많았다. 원인으로는 신우요관 이행부 폐색이 가장 흔하며, 신우요관 이행부 폐색의 경우 생후 3일째 시행한 초음파검사상의 신우전후직경의 크기는 수신증의 예후를 알수 있는 주요한 예측인자가 되며 자연 회복의 경우 12개월 내 81%에서 자연 호전되는 것으로 보아 생후 1년 내에는 면밀한 추적관찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.