• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

National parks are one of the important types of protected area management systems established by IUCN and a management model for implementing effective conservation and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage in countries around the world, and they assume important roles in conservation, scientific research, education, recreation and driving community development. In the context of big data, this study takes China's Liaohe National Park, a typical representative of global coastal wetlands, as a case study, and using Python technology to collect tourists' travelogues and reviews from major OTA websites in China as a source. The text spans from 2015 to 2022 and contains 2998 reviews with 166,588 words in total. The results show that wildlife resources, natural landscape, wetland ecology and the fishing and hunting culture of northern China are fully reflected in the perceptions of visitors to Liaohe National Park; visitors have strong positive feelings toward Liaohe National Park, but there is still much room for improvement in supporting services and facilities, public education and visitor experience and participation.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

In order to solve the current shortage of parking spaces, and redesign the main gate area of the U University, the research investigated some cases of other schools located in Seoul which actively constructed multi-purpose building structures. Those schools are considered to be good samples showing their efforts to fulfill the needs of more parking spaces in their campuses, and to cover with the growing needs of multi-functioned facilities accommodating services of academic affairs, reading room spaces, and amenities. With the investigation, the research finded out the current trends of campus developments from the sample schools, such as underground parking facilities connected with multi-purpose buildings along the main arteries of campuses. Following the trends the research thoroughly examined the present conditions of our school and tried to make some possible alternatives for the facilities. Under the conditions, the research suggested 1)to construct underground parking lots accepting around 1,000 cars under the ivory tower square located in front of University Administration Building, 2)to develop a big-scaled open square at the university main gate, and 3)to build a multi-purpose structure along the main street of the campus, which included administration services, studying spaces, and some commercial facilities.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.123-128
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• 2009

The effects of temperature and initial crack length on the impact fracture behavior for the side plate material of FRP ship were investigated. And the effects of the counterpart roughness and sliding distance on the volumetric wear of same material were investigated as well. Impact fracture toughness of GF/PE composites displayed maximum value when the temperature of specimen is room temperature and $50^{\circ}C$, and with decreasing the temperature of specimen, impact fracture toughness decreased. Impact fracture energy of GF/EP composites decreased with increasing the initial crack length of specimen, and this value decreased rapidly when the temperature of specimen is lowest, $-25^{\circ}C$. It is believed that sensitivity of notch on impact fracture energy were increased with decreasing the temperature of specimen. With increasing the sliding distance, the transition sliding distance, which displayed different aspect on the friction coefficient and the volumetric wear loss, were found out. Counterpart roughness had a big influence on the wear rate at running in period, however the effect of counterpart roughness became smaller with sliding speed increase in. Volumetric wear loss were increased with increasing the applied load and the counterpart roughness.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual usefulness and consciousness of bathrooms and to clarify the preference of bathroom plans by apartments dwellers in Jeonju City. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and 343 apartments dwellers were used for this study. The major results are as follows. The bathroom types were mostly unit bathrooms and were not suited with using bathrooms of apartments dwellers. The unit type of bathroom was not comfortable for them and most of them were not satisfied with their bathrooms. They usually used family bathroom instead of private bathroom. They wanted a separate space for different facilities such as a bathtub and toilet, a dressing room, and a fixed clothes chest. Generally apartments dwellers did not prefer unit bathrooms, prefering instead the bathroom plan with separate rooms for the bathroom and toilet, with space for dressing. This study suggests that further studies be conducted on apartments dwellers in other big, small and medium-sized cities. Also, it is necessary to offer bathroom plans which take the size of houses and bathrooms, and the number of bathrooms into account and to survey housing consumers' satisfaction of those bathroom plans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.112-115
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• 1993

We have studied a property of arachidic acid Langmuir-Blodgett films at room temperature with two different electrodes ; Al/LB/Al and Au/LB/Au. Since a natural oxide layer is formed on top of the Al electrode, the appropriate structure of AL/LB/Al is Al/Al$_2$O$_3$/LB/Al. To obtain a property of Pure LB film, Aua/LB/Au structure was made. In Al/Al$_2$O$_3$/LB/Al structure, a conductivity of 3.7${\times}$10$\^$-14/ S/cm was obtained by using current-voltage(I-V) characteristics. In Au/LB/AU structure, however, I-V curve was not able to be measured because of short current even in 51 layers of the LB film. A status of defects in the film was confirmed by copper decoration method. We have clearly seen a rather big difference of defect in those two above structures.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

With the continuous development and application of Internet technology, in recent years, new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, and AI are becoming more and more familiar to the general public. The development of a digital society has entered a new period of development. In this paper, we used on the 2018 annual data of 50 listed companies with blockchain concept stocks in China. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to study and analyze the input-output efficiency, it can be concluded that the input-output efficiency of 50 listed companies is very different. Inefficient companies are as high as 62%. Most companies have a large room for improvement in input-output efficiency due to uneconomical scale or inefficient technology. In order to better improve the company's input-output efficiency, one must improve the efficiency of resource utilization, optimize the company's research and development costs and the input and management of technical personnel; the second is to increase technological innovation and business innovation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The purposes of the study were to try configuring categorization of floor plans of elderly centers located in apartment complexes and to find out the spatial transfigurations regarding floor plan types. The data for the analysis of the study were collected from 56 elderly centers of apartment complexes in Ulsan by observations and interviews from July 3 through 13, 2012. The results are as follows. Firstly, the floor plans of the elderly centers were categorized into six types, which were 2R+L+K, 2R+LK, 1R+L+K/1R+LK, 1RL+K, 1RLK, and 2R+K/1R+K(no living room). Secondly, there were no salient differences among the plan types for the characteristics of physical environment of the centers. The types of 2R+L+K were relatively big in size and two thirds of the centers had gender-segregated rooms. Lastly, spatial transfigurations was found in sixty-percent of the centers, which included change of spatial arrangement, functional change, and functional addition. Interestingly, the more the spaces were segregated, the more the spatial transfigurations were performed in the way for the integration of functions of the rooms.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

Korea huts been dramatically changed during the last century in many aspect of society, with the introduction of western culture in the beginning of 20th century. This study aims at understanding the changes in our traditional culture shown by costume as well as examining the aspects of the changes of traditional clothing according to age, by comparing the differences of our traditional dress Hanbok between ear1y and the late of the 20th century. Analysis of photographs showing Hanbok of both ages was used. 155 photographs of people wearing traditional Hanbok in the beginning of the 20th century were collected from the photo collection books portraying various living conditions of common people at that time. 748 Photographs of Hanbok worm today were obtained by taking pictures of various occasions like wedding ceremonies in 5 big cities during 1997. The process of analysis consists of 3 stages: setting standards, sorting, and grouping by positioning. The results showed that traditional Hanbok room in the early 20th century has maintained its basic silhouette and design during the century, but the methods of color coordination, ornamentation, construction have underdone many changes in detail. Consequently, traditional frame exits, but actually there are many variations of tradition produced by individual tastes and fashion trend. These changes show that continuing influx of the western culture which has made enormous social changes in Korea had an influence even on Hanbok.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.231-246
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• 1994

A major problem for information retrieval research in the past three decades has been methodology, even though some progress has been made in obtaining useful results from methodologically sound experiments. Within a methodology, potential problems include artificial data generated by the researcher, small sample size interpretation of findings. Critics have pointed out that some room exists for improving methodology of information retrieval research; using existing data, having big enough sample size, including large numbers of search queries, introducing more control in relation to variables, utilizing more appropriate performance measures, conducting rests carefully and evaluating findings properly. Relevance judgments depend entirely on the perception of the user and on the situation of the moment. In an experiment, the best judge of relevance is a user with a well defined information need. Normally more than two categories for relevance judgments are desirable becase there are degrees of relevance. In experimental design, careful control of variables is meeded for internal validity. When no single database exists for comparison, existing operational databases should be used cautiously, Careful control for the variations of search queries, inter-searcher sonsistency, intra-searcher consistency and search strategies is necessary. Parametric statistics requiring rigid assumptions are not appropriate in information retrieval research and non-parametric statistics requiring few assumptions are necessary. Particularly, the sign test and the Wilcoxon test are good alternatives.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.109-134
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• 2018

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is widely used in recommendation field, which can be divided into rating-based CF and learning-to-rank based CF. Although many methods have been proposed based on these two kinds of CF, there still be room for improvement. Firstly, the data sparsity problem still remains a big challenge for CF algorithms. Secondly, the malicious rating given by some illegal users may affect the recommendation accuracy. Existing CF algorithms seldom took both of the two observations into consideration. In this paper, we propose a recommendation method based on listwise learning-to-rank by incorporating users' social information. By taking both ratings and order of items into consideration, the Plackett-Luce model is presented to find more accurate similar users. In order to alleviate the data sparsity problem, the improved matrix factorization model by integrating the influence of similar users is proposed to predict the rating. On the basis of exploring the trust relationship between users according to their social information, a listwise learning-to-rank algorithm is proposed to learn an optimal ranking model, which can output the recommendation list more consistent with the user preference. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two public real-world datasets show that our approach not only achieves high recommendation accuracy in relatively short runtime, but also is able to reduce the impact of malicious ratings.