• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.165-182
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to understand clinical usefulness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) on students' mental health. Methods: Ten databases were included to extract clinical studies on effects of EFT intervention with students. Characteristics of selected studies were described, and biases were assessed with Risk of Bias (RoB) or Risk of Bias Assessment for Non-Randomized Studies (RoBANS). Results: A total of 14 clinical trials were extracted for analysis. There were 8 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), 2 non-randomized-controlled trials (nRCTs), and 4 before-after studies. EFT have significant clinical usefulness in public speaking anxiety, test anxiety, stress, depression, learning related emotions, adolescent anxiety, and eating issues. The risk of selection bias in most studies was high or uncertain. Conclusions: EFT is an effective clinical technique for managing students' mental health issues. However, the included studies have been conducted with relatively poor quality and small sample size. Clinical trials with high quality study design and well-designed EFT education programs are needed to generalize clinical usefulness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.616-619
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• 2003

In this paper, we develop an input device equipped with accelerometers and gyroscopes. The installed sensors measure the inertial measurements i.e., accelerations and angular rates produced by the movement of the system when a user is writing on the plane surface or in the three dimensional space. The gyroscope measurement are integrated once to give the attitude of the system and consequently used to remove the gravity included in the acceleration measurements. The compensated accelerations bin doubly integrated to yield the position of the system. Due to the integration processes involved in recovering the users'motions, the accuracy of the position estimation significantly deteriorates with time. Among various error sources of the system incorrect estimation of attitude causes the largest portion of the positioning error since the gravity is not fully cancelled. In order to solve this problem, we propose a Kalman filler-based attitude estimation algorithm which fuses measurement data from accelerometers and gyroscopes by fuzzy logic approach. In addition, the online calibration of the gyroscope biases are performed in parallel with the attitude estimation to give more accurate attitude estimation. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the presented system is demonstrated through computer simulations and actual experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.500-504
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• 2001

The present approach based on the genetic algorithm with improved selections of bonds was adopted to extract a bridged T equivalent circuit elements of $\times10\mu m^2$InGaP/GaAs HBT. the small-signal model parameters were extracted using the genetic algorithm from S-parameters measured at different frequencies under multiple forward-active biases, which demonstrate physically meaningful values and consistency. The agreement between the measured and modeled S-parameters is excellent over the frequency range of 2 to 26.5GHz.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

In this study, different calibration approaches for reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) were investigated by using thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD). To evaluate the effects of calibration procedures, gaseous standards of 4 RSCs ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS) prepared at 10 ppm level were analyzed at 7 loading injection volumes (40, 60, 80, 100, 160, 240, and 320 ${\mu}L$). The results were then compared with calibration curves made with the Z (zero offset) and N (non-zero offset) method. The concentrations of unknown samples were then quantified by using R (ratio) method in which the slope values are compared between standards and samples. Secondly, in A (average) method, results obtained from a multi-point analysis of unknown samples were also averaged to extract representative values for each sample. Results of both experiments showed that analytical error of low molecular weight components (such as $H_2S$ and $CH_3SH$) was greatly expanded with the Z method. In conclusion, the combined application of N-A method was the more realistic approach to reduce biases in the quantification of RSCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

There are many sources of systematic variations in cDNA microarray experiments which affect the measured gene expression levels like differences in labeling efficiency between the two fluorescent dyes. Print-tip lowess normalization is used in situations where dye biases can depend on spot overall intensity and/or spatial location within the array. However, print-tip lowess normalization performs poorly in situation where error variability for each gene is heterogeneous over intensity ranges. We proposed the new print-tip normalization methods based on support vector machine regression(SVMR) and support vector machine quantile regression(SVMQR). SVMQR was derived by employing the basic principle of support vector machine (SVM) for the estimation of the linear and nonlinear quantile regressions. We applied our proposed methods to previous cDNA micro array data of apolipoprotein-AI-knockout (apoAI-KO) mice, diet-induced obese mice, and genistein-fed obese mice. From our statistical analysis, we found that the proposed methods perform better than the existing print-tip lowess normalization method.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.199-209
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• 2007

Empirical band-ratio algorithms and artificial neural network techniques to retrieve sea surface chlorophyll concentrations were evaluated in the Bohai Sea of China by using an extensive field observation data set. Bohai Sea represents an example of optically complex case II waters with high concentrations of colored dissolved organic mattei (CDOM). The data set includes coincident measurements of radiometric quantities and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl), which were taken on 8 cruises between 2003 and 2005, The data covers a range of variability in Chl in surface waters from 0.3 to 6.5 mg $m^{-3}$. The comparison results showed that these empirical algorithms developed for case I and case II waters can not be applied directly to the Bohai Sea of china, because of significant biases. For example, the mean normalized bias (MNB) for OC4V4 product was 1.85 and the root mean square (RMS) error is 2.26.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the clinical effects of neurofeedback training on reducing anxiety. Methods: Eight databases were used to extract clinical reports on neurofeedback intervention for anxiety reduction published until 2016. We analyzed the characteristics of selected studies and evaluated biases using the Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment. Results: A total of 22 clinical trials were extracted for the analysis. The risk of bias in most studies was high or unclear. The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3 (CCMD-3) was the most frequently used diagnostic criteria, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) was the most frequently used assessment tool, and the alpha wave activity increase, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), and theta wave training were the most frequently used intervention methods. All papers showed a statistically significant decrease of anxiety symptoms; however, significant adverse events were not reported. Conclusions: Neurofeedback intervention might be beneficial for reducing anxiety. However, the quality of the studies used in the analysis was low, and the heterogeneity of the population and interventions was revealed. Therefore, more scientifically designed clinical studies regarding neurofeedback training are required.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.163-175
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• 1997

Randomization of the run order within a block is a technique commonly employed by the experimenters of block designs to avoid biases in the estimates of the effects of interest. In practice, however the experimental responses are sometimes affected by the spatial or temporal position of the experimental units within a block. In such cases, it is preferable to use a systematic ordering of the treatments. It is often possible to find an ordering which will allow the estimation of treatment effects independently of any trend is known as a trend-free block designs. In many idustrial and agricultural experiments, treatments are applied to experimental units sequentially in time or space. This paper begins with a review of concepts and properties of trend-free designs. We, then devise algorithms to generate linear trend-free designs. We extend and modify the existing algorithm which is given by Bradley and Odeh(1988). Also, the algorithm which generate all possible linear trend-free designs in provided.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.663-670
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• 2013

Total Vertical Column Density (VCD) of $NO_2$, a key component in air quality and tropospheric chemistry was measured using a ground-based instrument, Pandora, in Seoul from March 2012 to October 2013. The $NO_2$ measurements using Pandora were compared with those obtained by satellite remote sensing from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) where the intercomparison characteristics were analyzed as a function of measurement geometry, cloud amount and aerosol loading. The negative biases of the OMI $NO_2$ VCD were larger when cloud amount and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) were higher. The correlation coefficient between $NO_2$ VCDs from Pandora and OMI was 0.53 for the entire measurement period, whereas the correlation coefficient between the two was 0.74 when the cloud amount and AOD were low (cloud amount<3, AOD<0.4). The low bias of OMI data was associated with the shielding effect of the cloud and the aerosols.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

This paper reports the characteristics of piezoelectric microspeakers that are audible in open air with high quality piezoelectric AlN thin film according to the materials properties. When we use a tensile-stressed silicon nitride diaphragm as a supporting layer, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) is relatively small and constant at low frequency region and shows about 70 dB at 10 kHz. However, in case of a compressively stressed composite diaphragm, the SPL of the fabricated microspeakers shows higher output pressure than those of a tensile-stressed diaphragm. It produces more than 66 dB from 100 Hz to 15 kHz and the highest SPL is about 100 dB at 9.3 kHz with $20V_{peak-to-peak}$, sinusoidal input biases and at 10 mm distances from the fabricated microspeakers to the reference microphone. From the experimental results, it is superior to have a compressively composite diaphragm in order to produce a high SPL in piezoelectric microspeaker.