• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.06e
• /
• pp.347-350
• /
• 1998

음성신호와 영상신호를 함께 이용하는 바이모달(Bi-modal)음성인식에서 어떤 입술 파라미터를 사용하는가에 따라 인식시스템의 성능이 달라진다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 이미지에 근거한 입술파라미터를 견인하게 추출하기 위한 방법으로 x 프로파일(profile)을 이용한 방법을 사용하였다. 파라미터를 선정을 달리하여 실험한 결과 15dB이상에서는 안쪽입술의 2개의 파라미터를 이용한 경우가, 10dB이하에서는 4개의 입술파라미터를 이용한 경우가 더 좋은 인식률을 보였다. 안쪽 입술 파라미터를 이용한 경우가 바깥쪽 입술 파라미터를 이용한 경우보다 더 좋은 인식률을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.385.1-385
• /
• 2002

Operational Modal Analysis also known as Ambient Modal Analysis has an increasing interest in mechanical cngineering. Especially on big structures where the excitation and not less important the determination of the forces is most often a problem. In a structure like a wind turbine wing where the modes occur both close in frequency and bi-directional the Ambient excitation has big advantages. (omitted)

• Language and Information
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes a unified structural account of some instances of the English Modals and Semi-auxiliaries. The classification and the syntactic/structural description of the English Modal auxiliary verbs and verb-related elements have long been the center for many proposals in the history of generative syntax. According to van Gelderen (1993) and Lightfoot (2002), it was sometime around 1380 that the Tense-node (T) appeared in the phrasal structures of the English language, and the T-node is under which the English Modal auxiliaries occupy. Closely related is the existing evidence that English Modals were used as main verbs up to the early sixteenth century (Lightfoot 1991, Han 2000). This paper argues for a bi-clausal approach to English Modal auxiliaries with the infinitival particle 'to' such as 'ought to' 'used to' and 'dare (to)' 'need (to)', etc. and Semi-auxiliaries including 'be to' and 'have to'. More specifically, 'ought' in 'ought to' constructions, for instance, undergoes V-to-T movement within the matrix clause, just like 'HAVEAux' and all instances of 'BE', whereas 'to' occupies the T position of the embedded complement clause. By proposing the bi-clausal account, Radford's (2004, 2009) problems can be solved. Further, the historical motivation for the account takes a stance along with Norde (2009) and Brinton & Traugott (2005) in that Radford's (2004, 2009) syncretization of the two positions of the infinitival particle 'to' is no different from the 'boundary loss' in the process of Grammariticalization. This line of argument supports Krug's (2011), and in turn Bolinger's(1980) generalization on Auxiliaryhood, while providing a novel insight into Head movement of V-to-T in Present Day English.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1828-1838
• /
• 2009

This study will analyze what is favorable of urban structure in order to introduce new transit system like bi-modal tram. As a reasonable transport mode in a city, the bi-modal tram needs to be considered with respect to the space structural pattern and city growth process. The result of this study may provide the basic resource that helps transport decision makers to decide how to introduce bi-modal tram by considering the urban structural characteristics. Also, the results that analyzed a functional characteristic of a bi-modal tram with a effective urban polices will be informative for practical use.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2007

The bi-modal tram guided by the magnetic guidance system has two car-bodies and three axles. Each axle of the vehicle has an independent suspension to lower the floor of the car and improve ride quality. The turning radius of the vehicle may increase as a consequence of the long wheel base. Therefore, the vehicle is equipped with the All-Wheel-Steering(AWS) system for safe driving on a curved road. Front and rear axles should be steered in opposite directions, which means a negative mode, to minimize the turning radius. On the other hand, they also should be steered in the same direction, which means a positive mode, for the stopping mode. Moreover, only the front axle is steered for stability of the vehicle upon high-speed driving. In summary, steering angles and directions of the each axle should be changed according to the driving environment and steering mode. This paper proposes an appropriate AWS control algorithm for stable driving of the bi-modal tram. Furthermore, a multi-body model of the vehicle is simulated to verify the suitability of the algorithm. This model can also analyze the different dynamic characteristics between 2WS and AWS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.278-284
• /
• 2014

Water temperature due to climate change can be estimated using the air temperature because the air and water temperatures are closely related and the water temperatures have been widely used as the indicators of the environmental and ecological changes. It is highly necessary to estimate the frequency distribution of the air and water temperatures, for the climate change derives the change of the coastal water temperatures. In this study, the distribution function of the air temperatures is estimated by using the long-term coastal air temperature data sets in Korea. The candidate distribution function is the bi-modal distribution function used in the previous studies, such as Cho et al.(2003) on tidal elevation data and Jeong et al.(2013) on the coastal water temperature data. The parameters of the function are optimally estimated based on the least square method. It shows that the optimal parameters are highly correlated to the basic statistical informations, such as mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient. The RMS error of the parameter estimation using statistical information ranges is about 5 %. In addition, the bimodal distribution fits good to the overall frequency pattern of the air temperature. However, it can be regarded as the limitations that the distribution shows some mismatch with the rapid decreasing pattern in the high-temperature region and the some small peaks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2008

A reliability analysis has been performed to investigate the systematic stability of multi-failure modes of rubble-mound breakwaters. The reliability functions of four different failure modes are established straightforwardly. AFDA(Approximate Full Distribution Approcah) reliability models for each failure modes are directly developed and satisfactorily calibrated through the comparison with CIAD's results. In the reliability analysis of single failure mode, the probabilities of failure are calculated and the influence coefficients of random variables in the failure modes are properly evaluated. Meanwhile, three different models such as uni-modal bounds, bimodal bounds, and PNET are applied to evaluate the probabilities of failure of multi-failure modes for rubble-mound breakwaters. It may be found that uni-modal bounds tend to overestimate the probability of failure of multi-failure modes. Therefore, for the systematic reliability analysis of multi-failure modes, it is recommended to use bi-modal bounds or PNET which consider the correlation between the failure modes for rubble-mound breakwaters. By introducing the reliability analysis of multi-failure modes, it could be possible to find out the additional probabilities of failure occurred by the multi-failure modes of a multi-component system such as rubble-mound breakwaters.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.1616-1625
• /
• 2007

Recently, embedded systems role as control systems instead of mechanical control systems in many parts of vehicles. In cases that embedded systems are used controling the electric signal, it is important to secure the reliability of a software within embedded systems. In this paper, the test platform for securing the reliability and real-time characteristic of the embedded system that controls electric signal of All Wheel Steering Control System in a Bi-modal tram is proposed. The platform is built on a HIL (Hardware In the Loop) architecture. Through the HIL platform, various vehicle conditions, driver activities and environment conditions can be successfully tested without actual driving, hence improving the reliability of the embedded system for the All Wheel Steering Control System.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.1990-1994
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we present a usable method of driving path in automatic guidance vehicle(AGV). The AGV is precisely driving to follow reference route. The Phileas in Netherland and Bi-modal tram in Korea have one wheel for the each side because of all wheels steering. For this reason, the loading area of wheels is very small. It is a disadvantage for asphalt load. The precise route tracking of vehicle can distort the flexible asphalt load. In this paper, we propose a driving method for alleviation of distortion on asphalt load.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.60 no.7
• /
• pp.1378-1384
• /
• 2011

In this paper, the electromagnetic shielding performance of a BiMODAL Tram is investigated by means of an electromagnetic analysis tool, called HFSS. For the purposed of doing this, first, three-dimensional finite element modeling for the tram including electronic devices and engine room is carried out. Then, for quantitatively assessing the electromagnetic shielding performance of the tram's body, concentration indexes for electric field magnitude and time-average stored electric energy are introduced. From numerical results, it is inferred that the tram's body can protect the electronic devices and engine room against external electromagnetic waves from 30 MHz to 100 MHz.