• 생약학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to search for a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in natural crude products in Korea. Betula schmidtii Regel, a tree belonging to the Betulaceae family, is cultivated for the most part of our country, and their cortecies or tree milk has been used as folk remedy, which exerted good antiinflammatory effect on rheumatic fever, arthritis or rheumatism. The rats were treated with several extracts from Betula schmidtii Regel, that is, extracts of water, methanol from inner cortecies, extracts of ether, methanol, hexane, chloroform or butanol from outer and total cortecies. In this experiment, we measured the blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized rats, and atropine, diphenhydramine, phentolamine, propranolol, epinephrine, hexamethonium and hydralazine were pretreated prior to Betula extracts to clarify the mechanism of the hypotensive action. The results of the experiment were as follows; 1. BOIE(Betula outer cortex water-insoluble extract) and BICE(Betula inner cortex chloroform extract) elevated the blood pressure and heart rate. 2. BIME(Betula inner cortex methanol extract), BIBE(Betula inner cortex butanol extract) and BIWE (Betula inner cortex water extract) significantly lowered the blood pressure and heart rate. 3. With the pretreatment of hydralazine, the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel was significantly blocked. From the above results, it is suggested that the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel is due to the direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.553-559
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• 2021

The aim of study to investigate the phytochemicals and biological activities the bark of Betula schmidtii. The studies consisted of the solvent extraction, followed by the isolation of phenolic components 1~3 from ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Betula schmidtii Bark. Their chemical structures were identified as arbutin (1), ρ-coumaric acid (2) and ferulic acid (3) using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) (negative ion mode), ¹H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), ¹³C-NMR, ¹H-¹H Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) and ¹H-¹³C Hetero Nuclear Multiple Quantum Correlation (HMQC) spectral data. Compounds 1~3 shows the anti-oxidant effect with IC₅₀ values of 29.74±1.52, 21.32±1.07 and 34.41±1.24 in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, respectively. Also, compounds 1~3 exhibited mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 31.14±1.07, 42.54±1.46 and 69.22±1.43 µM, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to examine the physiological responses to ozone and to measure ozone uptake rates of Betula species exposed to relatively high concentration of pollutants. At the end of the growing season, photosynthesis, pigments contents, antioxidants (SOD and GR) and ozone uptake rates were measured or estimated at the leaves of five Betula species (Betula costata, B. davurica, B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schmidtii and B. ermanii) exposed to 100ppb ozone concentration. On the termination of the experiment, growth effects were determined by measuring leaf area and dry weights of leaf, stem and root. Ozone treatment showed the significant reduction the leaf area and dry weight of four Betula species, except for B. ermanii. Shoot / root (SR) ratio of five species represented two different types. SR ratio of B. costata and B. davurica were lower than control, in contrast, SR ratio of B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schimidtii and B. emani, were higher than that of control. The photosynthetic responses of five species were different in responses to ozone exposure. Four species, except for B. emanii, maintained or increased the stomatal conductance, but B. emanii decreased both stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. SOD activities of five species decreased by the ozone exposure, especially B. ermanii showed the largest reduction, GR activities of B. platyphylla var. japonica and B. schmidtii increased, B. costata and B. emanii decreased. Instantaneous ozone uptake rate was the highest at the leaves of B. ermanii and B. costata, ozone uptake per seedling was the highest at the leaf of B. schmidtii and B. emanii. It was concluded that B. costata, B. davurica and B. platyphylla var. japonica, appeared the growth reduction and visible ozone injury, were sensitive species to ozone, and B. schmidtii with the increased antioxidant activity and B. ermanii without the growth reduction were relatively resistant species to high ozone concentration at the early growing stage.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권5호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2001

본 연구는 Pb로 오염된 토양의 phytoextraction을 위해 현사시 (Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa)와 박달나무(Betula schmidtii)의 Pb의 흡수능력 및 이에 대한 내성을 조사하였다. 종자로 양묘한 박달나무 및 삽목으로 증식한 현사시 묘목을 화분에 식재 후 Pb를 함유한 수용액으로 관수하였다. 이들 2수종은 $Pb(NO_3)_2$ 농도 800ppm이상의 처리구에서 생장량 감소가 관찰되었다. 대부분의 Pb는 식물체의 뿌리에 축적되었고, 극히 일부분만이 식물체의 지상부위로 이동되었다. 박달나무와 현사시의 Pb의 지상부 전위율은 각각 1.6~2.6%와 1.2~1.6%로 나타났다. 지상부 수체의 최대 Pb 함량은 현사시의 경우 468.0mg/kg, 박달나무는 602.0mg/kg 이었다. Pb에 대한 내성은 박달나무가 현사시에 비해 일반적으로 높은 경향이었으나, 현사시 72-16호 클론은 전체 클론 중에서 가장 높은 내성을 보였다.Biomass 생산과 Pb 흡수능력을 고려하여 이들 두 수종의 phytoextraction을 위한 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

This study was conducted to select environmentally-friendly and low-cost mulching material that could replace soil molding which can be used to restore vegetation in an abandoned coal mine area. To this end, we established 20 experimental plots (4m ${\times}$ 10m in size) on the steep, south west-facing slope of the abandoned coal mine area in Hwangji-Dong, Taebaek City, Gangwon Province in April 2006. We planted two-year-old 1,600 seedlings (at intervals of 0.6m ${\times}$ 0.8m) of drought-resistant tree species including Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Amorpha fruticosa, and Quercus mongolica in the plots. After planting seedlings, mulching was applied by using five different kinds of material such as HWAP (Teracotem), peat moss, straw mats, wood chips, and control (no-mulching) and the effects of different mulching material on the survival rate and growth performance were compared. Three years after planting, the survival rate was the highest in wood chip mulching, followed by straw-mat, peat moss, HWAP, and control. The survival rate was the highest in Quercus mongolica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Amorpha fruticosa. Meanwhile the height growth was the best in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Quercus mongolica, and Amorpha fruticosa. The height growth of seedlings was the best in HWAP mulching, followed by peat moss, woody chips, straw mat, and control. From an economic point of view, wood chips are considered to be the best mulching material. The results showed that mulching without soil molding and/or mixing applications would be effective for restoring vegetation in an abandoned coal mine areas.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

This study is carried out to investigate plant community structure, actual vegetation map and flora for examining the relationship between naturally introduced vegetation and surrounding vegetation in Hamtae coal-mined spoil lands. According to the analysis of vegetation, surrounding vegetation was divided into five plant community groups : Pinus koraiensis community, Pinus densiflora - Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica - Deciduous broadleaved trees community, Betula schmidtii - B. davurica community, Larix leptolepis community. Robinia pseudo-acacia, which had been planted, was dominant species in coal-mined spoil lands. Young trees, which were naturally introduced, such as B. schmidtii, B. davurica etc., partially appeared with the high density($15{\sim}19ea/100m^2$) in coal-mined spoil lands. The flora of this area was listed as 54 taxa; 22 families, 42 genus, 50 species, 3 varieties and 1 forma. Especially Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia iwayomogi and Youngia denticulata appeared with the high frequency. It is estimated that the proper way for harmonious and effective revegetation is to target B. schmidtii - B. davurica communities and to seed B. schmidtii - B. davurica mixing highly frequent herbaceous species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2005

We tested the field adaptation of Betula schmidtii on the abandoned coal-mine soil with sludge amendment methods for promoting physiological activity of B. schmidtii seedlings under several environmental stress. Sewage sludges were amended to coal-mine soil with B. schmidtii seedlings which grown in the mixture of artificial soil and composted sludge soil before transplanting (before-fertilized treatment, BF) and fertilized with composted sludge after transplanting (after-fertilized treatment, AF). The percent of establishment of seedlings for AF (80.7%) was lower than that for BF (92.7%). Nitrate reductase activity and photosynthetic pigment content were higher in AF than in BF, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were lower in AF than in BF These results represent that after-fertilized seedlings increase resistance against physiological stress at field condition using nitrogen source of composted sludge. On the contrary, before-fertilized seedlings were susceptible to environmental stress on abandoned coal-mine soil by exhausting of nitrogen source from composted sludge.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

본 연구는 카드뮴 처리에 대한 박달나무 유묘의 가계간 생장 차이와 광합성 특성을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 카드뮴 처리는 3가계의 박달나무 1년생 묘목에 0, 0.4, 0.8mM의 CdSO4 · H2O 용액을 이용하여 3수준으로 2개월간 실시하였다. 박달나무의 가계간 및 처리간 생장과 생리적 반응은 건중량, 상대생장율, 순양자수율 및 탄소고정효율을 이용하여 결정하였다. 0.4 mM과 0.8mM 카드뮴이 처리된 박달나무 유묘는 대조구와 비교해서 건중량과 상대생장율이 크게 감소하였으며, 박달나무 유묘의 생장 감소는 광합성 능력의 감소에 큰 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 순양자수율과 탄소고정효율은 카드뮴 처리로 감소하였으며, 모든 가계에서 카드뮴 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소 폭이 커졌다. 한편 카드뮴 처리에 의한 생장과 광합성 반응은 박달나무 가계간 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 카드뮴 내성은 가계간 유전적 요인이 작용하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.680-689
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 층층나무, 물푸레나무, 박달나무, 개벚나무, 고로쇠나무를 대상으로 차광처리를 통해 4가지 수준(상대 차광률; 전광처리구, 전광대비 65~72%, 29~40%, 7~12%)으로 광도 조건을 달리하여 광합성 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 층층나무, 물푸레나무 및 박달나무는 차광처리에 의하여 광합성 능력과 엽록소 형광이 저하하여, 내음성 수준이 낮음을 시사하였다. 개벚나무는 조사 시기별 차이는 있었으나, 강피음 처리구를 제외한 나머지 세 처리구에서 좋은 광합성 능력을 나타내, 보통 수준의 내음성을 보였다. 한편 고로쇠나무는 전광대비 29~40% 처리구에서 가장 높은 광합성 능력과 엽록소 형광을 나타내, 내음성 수준이 공시수종 중에 가장 높음을 시사하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2010년도 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.457-458
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• 2010