• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.614-620
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• 2006

To study the chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic characteristics of 4 tree species of deciduous hardwoods; Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Zelkova serrata, Acer mono and Prunus sargentii were treated in 3 stages of shading; the full sun treatment, the medium shade treatment with 30% of transmittance comparing to full sun, the intense shade treatment with 8% of transmittance and their changes in chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic characteristics were examined and analyzed. Most hardwoods showed differences in the total chlorophyll contents in the order of May < September < July, however, that in Prunus sargentii increased progressively along with the lapse of time. Concerning the degree of shading, total chlorophyll contents increased in proportion to the level of shading. Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Prunus sargentii showed more than 2-3 times difference between the full sun treatment and the intense shade treatment. The changes in photosynthetic characteristics, the range of the light saturation point of the trees was $1,000{\sim}1,100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in May, before the shading was applied, and the intensity was shown in the order of Betula platyphylla var. japonica > Zelkova serrata > Acer mono > Prunus sargentii. The photosynthetic rate was $6.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}{\sim}27.1{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the order of Betula platyphylla var. japonica > Prunus sargentii > Acer mono > Zelkova serrata that there were differences between species. Concerning the changes in light saturation point in each growth period after shading treatment, the light saturation point in the full sun treatment was found in the range of $560{\sim}1,100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the level of intensity was shown in the order of May > July > September. The light saturation point decreased as the level of shading intensified and the level of changes in light compensation point in the full sun treatment for Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Prunus sargentii was shown in the range of $2.9{\sim}27.1{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the order of May > July > September, however, for Zelkova serrata and Acer mono was shown in the range of $3.9{\sim}11.7{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the order of July > May > September that there were differences between species.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2022

Betula platyphylla extract includes various materials which showed biological activity such as terpenoids. For this reason, Betula platyphylla extract has been used to alleviate inflammation. In this study, extract of Betula platyphylla was obtained and purified using several solvents and evaluated whether they showed effect on prevention of hair loss. Cell cytotoxicity assay was performed to investigate the effect of extracts on cell proliferation. Western blotting was performed to observe the changes in expression of several related growth factors such as β-catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D. Also, 5-α-reductase activity was measured. The ethyl acetate extract was divided into four partial extracts and named as H3-1, H3-2, H3-3, and H3-4. The H3-2 extract showed proliferation activity of human derma papilla cell and increased the protein expression of several related growth factors such as β-catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D, comparable to the effect of Ethyl 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Benzoate (ETB)and Lupeol (LPO). Moreover, we found that the fraction H3 was shown to decrease 5-α-reductase activity while ETB and LPO had no significant effect on 5-α-reductase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.98-100
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• 2008

A birch fungus, Piptoporus betulinus, is judged the mushroom with economical value that produces the fruiting body on Betula trees, but the mushroom rarely occurs in Korean birch forest. So, the fungus was applied to log cultivation for the production of fruiting body on Betula davurica. The fungus produce the fruiting bodies in the early August of the next year after inoculation in April and its mushroom matured in October. The mushroom produced 212 g to 1,298 g fresh weight in one or two mushrooms per a log. Thus, it is considered that log cultivation of the fungus has a potential to mass production of fruiting body and is expected to introduce to more researches to develop the use of this mushroom.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the crack of coated Nitrocellulose Lacquer on flatand edge-grained boards of Quercus acutissima, ring-porous wood, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, diffuse-porous wood, by variations of moisture contents at 7, 13 and 21%. Cold check system was used as an accelerating method for crack development, in which one cycle of the system consisted of 10 replications of each unit cycle, $60^{\circ}C$ for 4hr followdd by $-20^{\circ}C$ for 4hr. The analysis of Nitrocellulose Lacquer characteristics was made by means of water permeation measurement, F.T.I.R. spectroscopy, N.M.R. spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, and D.S.C. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The number of cracks increased with the increasing moisture content of board. 2. The crack of coated film on flat-grained board was fewer in number than on edge-grained board. 3. The crack occurred in Quercus acutissima was more numerous on edge-grained board but less frequent on flat-grained board compared with that in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, respectively. 4. The cold crack vertically developed to the grain both in Quercus acutissima and Betula platyphylla var. japonica. 5. Water permeability in intermediate coated film was lower than in under and top coated film, but the difference was not confirmed between under and top coated film.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2013

To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 1996

Three half-sib families of Betula platyphylla var. japonica had been introduced from Japan and tested for their growth potentiality by comparing with control trees originating from previously introduced and cultivated stands of unknown seed origin. Two of the three introduced family groups from Japan showed superior tree growth in both diameter and height to control one up to the age of four. But only one family group remained superior to the control trees at age six. It appeared from the results that Betula platyphylla var. japonica families, introduced from Japan, can be directly used for the production of planting stocks for commercial planting and/or as parental trees for the production of intra- and interspecific hybrids.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 1998

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Taech'ongbong-Hangyeryong Area in Soraksan. 45 plots(20m*20m) set up with random sampling method were surveted. Four groups - Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Avies nephrolepis - Tilia amurensis - Quercus mongolica community, Abies nephrolepis - Taxus cuspidata community, Abies nephrolepis - Qurecusmongolica community - were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Abies nephrolepis and Betula ermanii; Abies nephrolepis and Pinus pumila; Aies nephrolepis and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Betula ermanii and Pinus pumila; Betula ermanii and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Pinus pumila and Rhododendron mucronulatm var. ciliatum; Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus mongolica and Qeigela subsessilis; Euonymus macroptera and Syringa reticulata; Euonymus macroptera and Viburnum wrightii; Acer ukurunduense and Euonymus oxyphyllus, and high nagative correlations were proved between Betula ermanii and Acer pseudosieboldianum; Quercus mongolica and Tripterygium regelii; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Tripterygium regelii; Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 2.1352~2.8016.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1994

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Paekryunsa-Hyangcho kpong area in Tokyusan, 21 plots (400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Tripterygium regelii and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Viburnum sargentii and Betula ermanii, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii and Stephanandra incisa, Betula costata and Cornus controversa, Acer mono and Tilia amurensis, Tilia amurensis and Kalopanax pictum, Lonicera maackii and Viburum sargentii, and Betula ermanii, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata, and Viburnum sargentii, and High negative correlations was proved between Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Viburnum sargentii, Tripterygium regelii and Stephanandra incisa, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, and Stephanandra incisa. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.9402~1.2473. Taxus cuspidata, Betula ermanii and Abies koreana at Hyangchokpong area in Tokyusan should be conserved.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between community structure and their environment variables in Mt. Hwaak. Samples were collected by 101 plots using ZM phytosociological method and followed by cluster, importance value and canonical correspondence analysis. The forest vegetation classified into 8 community types such as Pinus densiflora community, Berberis amurensis community, Betula ermani community, Betula schmidtii community, Larix leptolepis community, Pinus koraiensis community, Cornus controversa community and Salix koreensis community. Altitude was considered as the highest factor correlated to the community types. Berberis amurensis community and Betula ermani community were located in upper slope area of high elevation, Comus controversa community and Salix koreensis community in valley area, and Pinus densiflora community in ridge area, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2003

To identify the rapacity of waste leachate absorption in Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var, japonica, four different treatments were applied to seedlings: leachate solution (100% leachate), 50% dilution (50% leachate: 50% water, v/v) and 25% dilution, (25% leachate: 75% water, v/v) were applied to these two species. After the experiment, concentrations of heavy metals in tree parts were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). treatment with waste leachate significantly stimulated both Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica biomass production relative to the water control. In addition, these species showed good absorption capacity of As, Co, Hg and Ni elements. The results of this study suggested that these two species can absorb the toxic materials through their roots and transport them to stems or leaves.