• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.62-66
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• 1979

These studies were designed to define the effects of Benzyladenine and 2, 4-D on the induction and growth of callus tissue from embryos and plant segments of Korean ginseng. 0.5PPM was the minimum concentration of 2, 4-D for the induction of callus tissue from embryos and plant segments of ginseng. Best callus induction occurred at a 2, 4-D concentration of 5 mg/liter but growth of this callus was best at a 2, 4-D concentration of about 1.0 to 2.0 mg/liter and benzyladenine was ineffective as callus inducer. When the embryos were grown on the media containing 0.5 mg/liter of 2, 4-D, 5 to 6 axillary buds were formed at the basal part of epicotyle.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1992

A ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ of soybean (Glycine max) was isolated, and the effects of benzyladenine(BA) on celluar levels of the enzyme content and activity were studied. The effects of BA on callose content in cell wall and wall regeneration of protoplasts were also studied to show promoting effect of cytokinin in cell wall regeneration and to elucidate action mode of cytokinin. The polypeptide of 21 kD was identified as ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$, and the cellular content and activity of this polypeptide were decreased by BA treatment. The callose content in cell wall of callus and the wall regeneration of protoplasts were increased by BA treatment. These results indicate that cytokinin promotes cell wall regeneration by inhibition of callose degradation via decreasing ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$ level in cell.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 2008

The genetic status of somatic embryo-derived plantlets of Cymbopogon flexuosus was examined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Auxins such as 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (1-4 mg/l) were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for induction of calli from rhizomatous explants of Cymbopogon flexuosus. Optimum calli were induced on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (3.5 mg/l) alone or in combination with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (2 mg/l). Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from long term calli when cultured on MS medium containing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (2 mg/l) along with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) (1-2 mg/l). Regeneration was achieved when freshly induced embryogenic calli were sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with $N^6-benzyladenine$ (3 mg/l) alone. Long-term cultured embryos showed profuse minute rooting on regeneration medium supplemented with N6 -benzyladenine (3 mg/l). Microshoots were rooted in the presence of indole-butyric acid (IBA) (2 mg/l). DNA samples from the mother plant and 18 randomly selected regenerated plants from a single callus were subjected to RAPD analysis with 6 arbitrary decamer primers for the selection of putative somaclones. A total of 64 band positions were scored, out of which 19 RAPD bands were polymorphic. From genetic similarity coefficient based on RAPD band data sharing, it was found that the majority of the clones were almost identical or more than 92% similar to the mother plant, except CL2 and CL9 (66%) which showed highest degree of genetic change with CL2 and CL9 showing presence of two non-parental bands each.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.745-749
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effect of cytokinin ($N^6$-benzyladenine; BA) and/or an IAA on ethylene production of maize (Zea mays) primary roots. When the two hormones were applied exogenously, both hormones synergistically increased ethylene production, which was greater than the sum of the level of each hormone's effect. For example, the ethylene production was stimulated between about 87% and 170% of the control by $10^{-4}\;M$ BA with $10^{-4}\;M$ IAA for 8 hours respectively, whereas the ethylene production was increased by about 480% of the control when the two hormones were treated simultaneously. Such a synergistic effect was also found in changes in the activity and gene expression level of ACC synthase. However, in the case of ACC oxidase did not show any observable effects. Based on our results, it is possible to conclude that BA and IAA stimulated the ethylene production synergistically by affecting the ACC synthase in maize roots.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1996

The role of Ca2+ on benzyladenine (BA)-induced senescence retardation in mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) primary leaves was investigated. When an extracellular calcium chelator, ethylene glycol-bis-($\beta$-aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) together with BA, was applied to senescing leaves for 4 days of dark incubation, the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased rapidly. And, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), known to be a degradation product of membrane lipids, increased compared with the BA alone control. The BA-EGTA combination also caused the stimulation of protease and RNase activity and a rapid loss of catalase activity owing to the decling of BA effects. In the case of treatment with only intracellular calcium antagonist 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octyl ester (TMB-8) without the BA addition, the chlorophyll content at day 4 after dark incubation decreased in paralled with the increasing concentration of the antagonist. In addition, the chlorophyll content at 10-5 M calcium ionophore A23187 treatment in the absence of BA was similar to that of the BA alone treatment. These results suggest that calcium may mediate the retardation effect of BA on leaf senescence by acting as a second messenger and that the calcium input from cell organelles, as well as the calcium inflow from intercellular spaces and cell walls, may be involved in modulating cytosolic calcium levels related to BA action.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

The effects of basal media, sucrose and phytohormone concentrations, and gelling agent combinations on in vitro frond proliferation of Lemna gibba G3 and 24 additional Lemna gibba strains were examined. Frond proliferation was equivalent on Schenk and Hidebrand. Murashige and Skoog. Nitsch and Nitsch, and Gamborg's B5 media and poor on murashige and Skoog medium in the absence of benzyladenine. With the addition of benzyladenine, Schenk and Hildebrand and Gamborg's B5 Were superior and equivalent. The addition of benzuyladenine increased equally frond proliferation at either 1 or $10{\mu}M$, however at $10{\mu}M$ fronds were severely curled or fused. Benzyladenine and thidiazuron suppressed root growth but kinetin was found to greatly enhance root growth. Gibberellic acid inhibited frond proliferation. Frond proliferation was significantly different on the four sucrose concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 5% Among them, 3% sucrose was found to be superior. The reduced frond size observed in cultures grown on 8% sucrose could be explained by showing medium osmotic potential in excess of frond water potential. Gell agents also varied significantly in their ability to promote frond proliferation with 0.25% Gelrite or a mixture of 0.15% Gelrite and 0.4% agar. Proliferation of 25 Lemna gibba strains on medium neat optimal for Lemna gibba G3 showed a six-fold variation across strains with Lemna gobba G3 placing in the top 5 fastest proliferating strains.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.191.1-191
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.264.2-264
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae), an important aromatic and medicinal plant, through shoot-tip explant cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine (BA), N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ), in single or in combination with ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA), was used to determine the rate of shoot proliferation. N-6-benzyladenine (BA) used at 0.5mg/l, was the most effective in initiating multiple shoot proliferation at the rate of 23 microshoots per shoot-tip explants after 40 days of culture. Shoot multiplication increased 1.2-fold in each successive subculture. Induction of rooting (98%) was achieved by transferring the shoots to the same basal medium containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets went through a hardening phase in a controlled growth chamber, prior to in vivo transfer. These results represented that possible application for the mass production of plantlets through in vitro culture system of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.