• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.745-750
• /
• 2005

등방성 피치계 탄소섬유 및 활성탄소섬유를 얻기 위한 프리커서 피치를 제조하기 위하여 NCB(naphtha cracking bottoms) oil을 열처리온도, 처리시간, 질소유량을 변화시키면서 개질하였다. 개질된 피치의 수율, 연화점, 원소분석, 분자량분포를 측정하고 용융방사하여 최적의 개질조건을 얻었다. 질소유량 1.25 vvm, 열처리온도 $380^{\circ}C$, 처리시간 3 h 일 때 약 $240^{\circ}C$의 연화점을 갖는 방사성이 우수한 프리커서 피치를 제조할 수 있었다. 이때의 수율은 약 21 wt％, C/H 몰비는 1.07에서 1.34로, 방향족화도는 0.85에서 0.88으로 증가하였고, 벤젠 및 퀴놀린 불용분은 각각 30.0 wt％, 1.5 wt％ 이었다, 방사 온도는 프리커서 피치의 연화점보다 약 $50^{\circ}C$ 높았으며 분자량은 250~1,250 범위에 분포되어 있지만 80％ 이상은 250~700의 좁은 범위에 몰려있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제10권1_2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this research is to assess the health risk of pollutants in drinking water and recommend the guidelines and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water. This study has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of raw, treated and tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 32 chemicals were analyzed. In dose-response assessment, cancer potencies, unit risk estimates and virtually safe doses of carcinogens were obtained by TOX-RISK (Version 3.1). In risk characterization of detected chemicals, health risk due to carcinogens such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene and arsenic of tap water in several cities exceeded 10$^{-5}$ level. We suggest that non-regulated chemicals which exceed 10$^{-5}$ excess cancer risk level, such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane, should be monitored periodically and be regulated by the Drinking Water Management Act, and database for exposure parameter of our own situation should be established.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 1991

Aging 기간의 증가에 따른 토양 중 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 변화를 규명하기 위해 benzene ring에 $^{14}C$로 균일하게 표지된 $^{14}C-TCAB$를 토양(유기물 함량 : 1.8%)에 처리하고 $21{\pm}1^{\circ}C$의 incubator내에서 각각 3, 6, 9, 12, 15개월 동안 aging하였다. Aging기간중 $^{14}CO_2$에 방출량과 휘발된 량은 극히 적었으며, 3개월 aging시 7.55%이던 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 량이 15개월 aging시 19.32%까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 또한 토양 추출액의 partition결과 TCAB의 구조 중에 극성기(polar group)가 전혀 형성되지 않았음을 알 수 있었으며 토양흡착 잔류물의 대부분은 $humin(50.52{\sim}58.93%)$에 분포하였다. 한편 토양 중 미생물의 수가 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 감소한 것은 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 형성에 미생물의 영향이 없었음을 시사해준다. 따라서 aging기간이 증가함에 따라 TCAB의 추출불가 토양흡착 잔류물의 량이 증가하는 것은 trans-TCAB가 흡착력과 극성이 더 큰 cis-TCAB로 변환되었기 때문인 것으로 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.207-208
• /
• 2000

Since trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) arise from anaerobic degradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and TCE, there is interest in creating aerobic remediation systems that avoid the highly toxic VC and cis-DCE which predonominate in anaerobic degradation. However, it seemed TCE could not be degraded aerobically without an inducing compound (which also competitively inhibits TCE degradation). It has been shown that TCE induces expression of both the toluene dioxygenase of p. putida F1 as well as toluene-p-monooxygenase of P.mendocina KRI. We investigated here the ability of PCE, TCE, and chlorinated phenols to induce toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from P.stutzeri OX1. ToMO has a relaxed regio-specificity since it hydroxylates toluene in the ortho, meta, and para positions; it also has a broad substrate range as it oxidizes o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and naphthalene; chlorinated compounds including TCE, 1, 1-DCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, VC, and chloroform : as well as mixtures of chlorinated aliphatics (Pseudomonas 1999 Maui Meeting). ToMO is a multicomponent enzyme with greatest similarity to the aromatic monooxygenases of Burkholderia pickettii PKO1 and P.mendocina KR1. Using P.sturzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces P.mendocina KR1 Using P.situtzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces ToMO activity measured as naphthalene oxygenase activity 2.5-fold, TCE induces 2.3-fold, and toluene induces 3.0 fold. With the mutant P.stutzeri M1 which does not express ToMO, it was also found there was no naphthalene oxygenate activity induced by PCE and TCE; hence, PCE and TCE induce the tow path. Using P.putida PaW340(pPP4062, pFP3028) which has the tow promoter fused to the reporter catechol-2, 3-dioxygenase and the regulator gene touR, it was determined that the tow promoter was induced 5.7-, 7.1-, and 5.2-fold for 2-, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, respectively (cf. 8.9-fold induction with o-cresol) : however, TCE and PCE did not directly induce the tou path. Gas chromatography and chloride ion analysis also showed that TCE induced ToMO expression in P.stutzeri OX1 and was degraded and mineralized. This is the first report of significant PCE induction of any enzyme as well as the first report of chlorinated compound induction of the tou operon. The results indicate TCE and chlorinated phenols can be degraded by P.stutzeri OX1 without a separate inducer of the tou pathway and without competitive inhibition.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1978

The result of the study about the cultivation, the constituents, the sweetenity, and the development of preparations of Stevia and Hydrangea are as follows: 1. Hydrangea thrived at $200{\sim}1,400m$ above the sea-level, and the good ones were brought up at $600{\sim}1,200m$. 2. The good ones which belonged to the genera of Hydrangea were produced in the damp, dark and cold place. 3. The growth and cultivated yield of Stevia was not significantly influenced by the acidity of the soil. 4. The best season was May and June for propagation of Stevia by cutting method. 5. The growth rate of Stevia and Hydrangea was really good in the sandy fertile soil, but in the mucotic soil it was not suitable. 6. The extraction and separation of phyllodulcin by solvent had many difficulties, because it was very soluble in water, ethanol, ether, petroleum ether, acetone and benzene, etc. 7. The solubility of stevioside on the solvent was as follows: It was very soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone, and insoluble in ether, petroleum ether and chloroform. 8. The alkaloid reaction by Mayer reagent in Hydrangea extract was positive. 9. The ashification rate of Stevia was 8.66% to 8.72% and that of Hydrangea 17.02% to 17.04%. 10. The tannin of Stevia leaf was 7.80% to 7.88% and its of Hydrangea decreased 9.46% to 6.08% by fermentation. 11. The percent rates in minimum concentration-occurring sweetness in sugar, glycyrrhiza methanol extract, Hydrangea water extract, Stevia leaf water extract, decoction of Stevia's leaf, decoction of Stevia's stem were as follows: 1.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.01, 0.1, 0.6. and sweetenity ratios of those were 1, 12, 12, 6, 3, 64, 12, 2, 12. It was very meaningful to develop preparations of stevia as stevioside, micronized powder, water extract, methanol extract and compound teas and in Hydrangea, water extract, methanol extract, single tea, and compound teas were less meaningful. 13. The genera of Hydrangea which is natural species in Korea was positive in phyllodulcin-identification test, but it was not available to make the sweet tea because of having a little content.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.349-353
• /
• 1999

페놀성 산업폐수중 2,4-dichlorophenol과 2,4-dinitrophenol를 함유한 폐수에 대해서 phenol이 활성슬러지공법에서 이 두 물질의 미생물 분해와 활성슬러지공정에 대한 Eckenfelder 수정모델의 미생물분해계수 (biodegradation kinetic coefficient)에 미치는 영향을 연구실험하였다. 미생물 성장에 필요한 에너지원과 필수영양물질 (base mix. BM)을 함유한 폐수를 분해하고 있는 활성슬러지 시스템에 2,4-dichlorophenol과 2,4-dinitrophenol를 함유한 폐수를 유입시켰을 때 이 활성슬러지 시스템은 서서히 죽어갔고 미생물들이 다 씻겨 나갔다. 반면에 페놀에 먼저 순화되어 있는 활성슬러지 시스템에 2,4-dichlorophenol과 2,4-dichlrophenol을 함유한 폐수를 phenol과 함께 유입하였을 때는 분해가 잘 되었고, 분해효율은 $BOD_5$ 기준으로 91.9%에 달했다. 그리고 phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol 및 2,4-dinitrophenol의 처리효율은 각각 99.8%, 43.3% 및 62.5%였다. 같은 반응조에 연이어서 유입한 에너지원과 필수 영양물질의 추가공급은 처리효율을 상당히 증가시켜 처리수 중의 phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol 및 2,4-dinitrophenol 농도를 현저히 감소시켰다. 이러한 효과는 페놀에 의해 순화되어 있는 미생물이 BM의 추가공급으로 활성도가 증가되어 분해효율이 증가되었다고 본다. 페놀에 대한 미생물의 순화과정 없이 실험하였을 때는 정상상태를 유지할 수 없었기 때문에 그 결과로부터는 Eckenfelder 수정모델의 미생물분해계수의 값을 구할 수가 없없다. 순화과정을 거친 경우의 미생물분해계수는 12.44/day이었고, 추가적인 $BM\;47mg/l(BOD_5)$의 첨가에 의해서는 46.91/day로 증가되었다. 이러한 값들은 공정설계시에 설계값으로 사용될 수 있고 다른 벤젠유도체의 미생물분해연구에 기초자료로도 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.427-431
• /
• 1999

알루미늄 혹은 철판의 코일 코팅 (coil coating) 공정에 사용되는 기본 수지인 copolyester의 중합 방법 맞 생성된 copolyester의 분자량, 열적 성질 및 용해 특성에 대해 조사를 하였다. Copolyester 수지의 합성은 1단계 반응에서 bishydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET). bishydroxyneopentyl tereph-thalate (BHNPT), bishydroxyethyl isophthalate (BHEI), bishydroxyneopentyl sebacate (BHNPS), bishydroxyncopentyl adipicate (BHNPA), bishydro-xyethyl adipicate (BHEA) 올리고머를 esterification 반응을 통해 얻고 이들을 적정 mole 비로 혼합한 다음 polycondensation 반응을 시키는 2단계 반응으로 진행시켜 GPC로 측정된 중량 평균 분자량이 30,000~59,000 g/mole의 범위에 있는 비교적 고분자량의 copolyester를 얻을 수 있었다. 합성된 copolyester 시료들은 모두 $T_m$을 냐타내지 않아 비결정성 수지임을 알 수 있었고 이것은 고분자 주쇄 내에 kink 구조를 유발하는 BHEI와 bulky 한 neopentyl 연결기를 가지는 BHNPT, BHNPS와 같은 올리고머를 포함하는데 기인한 것으로 생각되었다. Copolyester 시료 중에서 BHEI (0.3 mole), BHNPS (0.1 mole) 올리고머를 같은 비율로 유지하고 BHET의 약 반 정도를 benzene 환 내에 같은 para 연결 구조를 가지나 bulky한 neopentyl glycol로 치환된 BHNPT로 바꾸어줌으로서 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상의 비교적 높은 $T_g$를 유지하면서 상온 및 서온 ($-5^{\circ}C$)에서 톨루엔 용매에 용해성이 높은 copolyester 수지를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1981

인삼(人蔘)과 인삼제품중(人蔘製品中)에 들어있는 유리당(遊離糖)의 조성(組成)을 측정(測定)함에 있어서 비색법(比色法)은 인삼(人蔘) 및 인삼제품자체(人蔘製品自體) 갈색색소(褐色色素)로 인(因)하여 심(甚)한 오차(誤差)가 예상(預想)되기 때문에 HPLC에 의한 정량법(定量法)을 검토(檢討)하였으며 그 실험결과(實驗結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 인삼시료중(人蔘試料中)의 유리당(遊離糖)을 분획(分劃)하기 위하여 지방성분(脂肪成分)은 벤젠으로, 사포닌성분(成分)은 수포화(水飽和)부탄올로, 단백질(蛋白質), 전분(澱粉 등 고분자물질(高分子物質)은 80%-에탄올로 추출(抽出), 제거(除去)함이 효과적(效果的)이었다. (2) HPLC의 조건(條件)은 carbohydrate analysis column과 이동상(移動相)으로서 아세토니트릴-물 system (84 : 16, v/v)을 사용하고 유속(流速)을 2.0 ml/min으로 했을때 분리능(分離能)이 가장 양호(良好)하였다. (3) Glucose와 sucrose의 표준용액(標準溶液)(5 mg/ml)을 시료용액(試料溶液)에 첨가(添加)하여 회수률(回收率)을 나타냈으며, 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), glucose는 96%, sucrose는 95%이상의 회수률(回收率)을 나타였으며, 재현성(再現性)도 양호(良好)하였다. (4) 인삼류(人蔘類)의 유리당(遊離糖) 유출시간(油出時間)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 80%-에탄올로 $80^{\circ}C$에서 추출(抽出)하여 본 결과(結果), 2시간(時間) 추출(抽出) 에서 glucose는 99.51% sucrose는 99.49%까지 추출(抽出)이 가능(可能)하였다. (5) 수삼(水蔘), 백삼(白蔘) 및 홍삼(紅蔘)에서 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose가 동정(同定)되었고 홍삼(紅蔘)에서는 수삼(水蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)에 없는 rhamnose가 동정(同定)되었다. 또 수삼(水蔘)과 백삼(白蔘)에서는 sucrose가 가장 많았고 홍삼(紅蔘)에서는 sucrose와maltose가 거의 같았다. (6) 인삼정(人蔘精)의 유리당(遊離糖) 조성(組成)은 추출용매(抽出溶媒)에 따라 많은 차이(差異)가 있는데 백삼정(白蔘精)은 sucrose가 가장 많은 반면(反面) 홍삼정(紅蔘精)은 sucrose가 거의 없었다. 또 인삼제품(人蔘製品)의 유리당(遊離糖) 조성(組成)도 원료(原料)인 홍삼(紅蔘)과 홍삼정(紅蔘精)의 유리당(遊離糖)의 패턴과 거의 같았다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
• /
• pp.84-85
• /
• 2009

New approaches for detecting, preventing and remedying environmental damage are important for protection of the environment. Procedures must be developed and implemented to reduce the amount of waste produced in chemical processes, to detect the presence and/or concentration of contaminants and decontaminate fouled environments. Contamination can be classified into three general types: airborne, surface and structural. The most dangerous type is airborne contamination, because of the opportunity for inhalation and ingestion. The second most dangerous type is surface contamination. Surface contamination can be transferred to workers by casual contact and if disturbed can easily be made airborne. The decontamination of the surface in the nuclear facilities has been widely studied with particular emphasis on small and large surfaces. The amount of wastes being produced during decommissioning of nuclear facilities is much higher than the total wastes cumulated during operation. And, the process of decommissioning has a strong possibility of personal's exposure and emission to environment of the radioactive contaminants, requiring through monitoring and estimation of radiation and radioactivity. So, it is important to monitor the radioactive contamination level of the nuclear facilities for the determination of the decontamination method, the establishment of the decommissioning planning, and the worker's safety. But it is very difficult to measure the surface contamination of the floor and wall in the highly contaminated facilities. In this study, the poly(styrene-ethyl acrylate) [poly(St-EA)] core-shell composite polymer for measurement of the radioactive contamination was synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite emulsion particle was core-shell structure, with polystyrene (PS)as the core and poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) as the shell. Core-shell polymers of styrene (St)/ethyl acrylate (EA) pair were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS) as an emulsifier using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The polymer was made by impregnating organic scintillators, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis[5-phenyl-2-oxazol]benzene (POPOP). Related tests and analysis confirmed the success in synthesis of composite polymer. The products are characterized by IT-IR spectroscopy, TGA that were used, respectively, to show the structure, the thermal stability of the prepared polymer. Two-phase particles with a core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature and the morphologies of emulsion particles. Radiation pollution level the detection about under using examined the beta rays. The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite polymer synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization was a core-shell structure, as shown in Fig. 1. Core-shell materials consist of a core structural domain covered by a shell domain. Clearly, the entire surface of PS core was covered by PEA. The inner region was a PS core and the outer region was a PEA shell. The particle size distribution showed similar in the range 350-360 nm.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.234-240
• /
• 1988

2,6위(位)의 alkylaniline 또는 3,4위(位)의 chloroaniline으로부터 N-(1'-methoxycarbonylethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline(ACRI-S-8609) 등(等) chloroacetamide형(型) 화합물(化合物) 7종(種)을 합성(合成)하여 elemental analyzer, NMR, GC/MS 등(等)에 의(依)하여 화학구조(化學構造)를 확인(確認)하였다. 합성(合成)한 화합물(化合物)은 25% 수화제(水和劑)로 제제(製劑)하여 몇가지 화본과잡초(禾本科雜草) 및 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 대(對)하여 50g, 100g 및 200g a i/10a로 발아전(發芽前) 처리(處理)를 하여 제초활성(除草活性)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. ACRI-S-8701은 화본과잡초(禾本科雜草)에 , ACRI-S-8702는 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 대(對)하여 가장 강(强)한 제초활성(除草活性)을 나타냈으며 200g a i/10a처리시(處理時), 각각(各各) 95%, 81%의 잡초(雜草)가 방제(防除)되었으나 3,4위(位)의 chloroaniline으로부터 합성(合成)한 ACRI-S-8705${\sim}$7은 제초활성(除草活性)이 아주 약(弱)하였다. 화학구조(化學構造)와 제초활성(除草活性)과를 관련(關連)지어 보면 benzene ring의 3,4위(位)의 chloro 치환(置換) 화합물(化合物)보다 2,6위(位)의 alkyl 치환(置換) 화합물(化合物)이 대체로 제초활성(除草活性)이 높은데 그 중(中)에서도 ACRI-S-8701은 화본과잡초(禾本科雜草) 방제용(防除用)으로 개발(開發)할 가치(價値)가 있는 것으로 생각된다.