• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.119-130
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• 1983

Algal vegetation in the subtidal zone between a small rock output and the Juckdo Island, eastern coast of Korea was investigated at several selected sites. The objectives of the survey were to descirbe the poorly known macroalgae community in this area and correlate the pattern of distribution as well as the change of zonatin with the environmental conditions. The water movement, light intensity and theinclinatin of substrate are considered as the environmental parameters. The upper and mid subtidal zones in sheltered area with less steep rocky surface are dominated by large brown algae Srgassum confusum; in the exposed area are characterised by species of Costaria costata. In the lower subtidal zone, the difference of vegetaton between the sheltered and the exposed areas is not recognized. At this depth the light intensity is an important ecological factor. Six narrow algal zones occur in the sheltered area, whereas two broad belts occur in the exposed area. the biomass value is 4 times greater in the sheltered area than in the exposed area.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1991

The contents of total lipids from Korean marine benthic algae Miyeok(Undaria pinnatifida) and Pare(Enteromorpha compressa)were 1.8% and 0.7% on the dry basis, respectively. They were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography and identified by gae liquid chromatography. The ratios of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in total lipids were 3.5 : 74.1 : 22.4 in Miyeok and 33.1 : 48.4 : 18.5 in Pare. Total fatty acids in Miyeok and Pare were composed of 28.5 and 33.2% of saturates, 9.8 and 10.8% of monoenes, 61.7 and 56.0% of polyenes, respectively and the polyunsaturated acid was the most predominent component. $\omega$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were C18:4(15.9 and 17.1%) and C20:5(10.6 and 6.0%).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2010

The marine algal flora and community structure were investigated at three sites in Ulsan on the southeast coast of Korea between August 2005 and July 2006. Ninety-one benthic algae species were identified, including 14 Chlorophyta, 21 Phaeophyta, and 56 Rhodophyta species. Of the 91 seaweeds, 19 species were found throughout the survey period. The wet weight biomass ranged from 310.8 to 2,960.4 g $m^{-2}$ during the study period. The maximum biomass was recorded at Sinri, and the minimum was recorded at Daesong. The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values reflecting flora characteristics were 2.67, 0.67, and 3.33, respectively. The flora investigated could be classified into six functional groups: coarsely branched (46.2%), thick leathery (22.0%), filamentous (16.5%), Sheet (7.7%), jointed calcareous (4.4%), and crustose (3.3%) forms. A cluster analysis produced two groups that differed meaningfully: one included the site Sinri-summer and the other included the sites Daesong and Jinha.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

오염된 연안 저서환경의 생물학적 정화를 목적으로 발광 다이오드(LED)를 이용하여 저서미세조류 Nitzschia sp.(일본 Hakozaki만에서 분리)의 성장에 미치는 광량과 파장의 영향을 조사하였다. Nitzschia sp.는 청색 LED(450 nm), 황색 LED(590 nm), 적색 LED(650 nm) 및 형광램프(복수파장)에서 배양하였다. 온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 그리고 염분 30 psu에서 배양한 Nitzschia sp.는 청색파장에서 $20\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ 그리고 형광램프는 $40\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$에서 최대 상대성장속도를 보였으나, 이보다 높은 광량에서는 광 저해현상이 나타났다. 하지만, 황색 파장과 적색 파장의 최대광량에서 ($350\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) 광 저해현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 광량-성장곡선에서 청색 LED는 ${\mu}=-0.46{\exp}(1-I/6.32)+0.46-0.00043I,\;(r^2=0.98)$, 황색 LED는 ${\mu}=0.42(I+7.87)/(I+58.9),\;(r^2=0.99)$, 적색 LED는 ${\mu}=0.39(I+3.39)/(I+21.6),\;(r^2=0.94)$ 그리고 형광램프는 ${\mu}=-0.38{\exp}(1-I/7.23)+0.38-0.00016I,\;(r^2=0.96)$로 나타났다. 청색 LED, 황색 LED, 적색 LED와 형광램프의 최대성장률은 각각 $0.44\;day^{-1},\;0.42\;day^{-1},\;0.39\;day^{-1}$ 그리고 $0.37\;day^{-1}$이었다. Nitzschia sp.의 최대흡수계수는 472 nm($0.0224\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$)와 663 nm($0.0179\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$)에서 보였지만, 모든 파장에서(400 nm-700 nm) 거의 유사한 흡수계수를 보였다. 따라서 가을과 겨울동안에는 청색파장을 조사하여 미세조류 성장을 촉진시키고, 봄과 여름동안에는 황색파장을 조사하여 유해조류의 성장억제와 함께 저서미세조류의 성장시켜 오염된 연안 저서환경 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2012

Seaweeds provide habitats in which marine animals can spawn and develop, and serve as a food supply for algaegrazing species such as sea urchins and abalone. Recently, seaweed species have disappeared from coastal ecosystems, leaving barren ground, defined as habitats that have lost their algae forests and where coralline algae containing calcium carbonate components have become encrusted on rocks. The biological causes of barren ground include grazing by herbivores and excessive seaweed harvest. The environmental harm caused by the spread of barren ground includes accelerated eutrophication following the reduction in seaweed, which plays an important role in oceanic purification. In the present study, we identified the relationships between various seaweed species and the occurrence of barren ground. Subtidal benthic macroalgal flora and community structure were observed seasonally on barren ground along vertical transects of rocky shores of Bihwa, Samchuck, and the east coast of Korea from February to November 2006. Fifty-eight seaweed species were identified, including 7 green, 15 brown, and 36 red algae species. There were between 6 and 28 species among seasons. Over the whole study period, average seaweed biomass (g wet wt $m^{-2}$) was 241.90 g, with a seasonal range of 25.26 to 760.34 g. Seaweed biomass declined with increasing seawater depth and ranged between 91.26 and 422.08 g. The vertical distribution of algae was characterized by Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum honeri at 5 m, S. honeri and U. pinnatifida at 10 m, and U. pinnatifida and Agarum clathratum at 15 m depth. Seasonal patterns in community indices were not found. Community indices showed different patterns along vertical shoreline gradients; the dominance index increased but the richness, evenness, and diversity indices decreased with seawater depth. Sea urchin density was 8 to 24 individ. $m^{-2}$ in Bihwa. These urchin populations had significantly aggregated spatial patterns and recurrent destructive grazing appeared to be occurring.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2012

본 연구는 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용하여 하천에서 환경변화의 지표로 활용할 수 있는 부착조류의 먹이원으로서 기여도를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구지역인 탐진강은 지류를 통해 유입되는 외래기원물질의 영향으로 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 높은 영양염의 농도를 나타냈으며 이와 더불어 상위섭식자인 어류의 질소 안정동위원소비의 증가가 관찰되었다. 또한 탐진강에서 채집된 저서성대형무척추동물과 어류의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값이 상류에서 하류로 이동하면서 무거워지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 탐진강 하류 수역에서 무거운 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값을 보였던 암석 부착조류가 먹이원으로서의 기여도가 높아진 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2007

The benthic marine algal flora and community structure were examined at five sites of the Taean Peninsula, Korea, during July-August 2005. Ninety-six algal species were Identified, including 14 green, 21 brown, and 60 red algae, and 1 marine plant. The common species that occurred at the five sites were Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium divaricatum, Caulacanthus okamurae, Gracilavia vermiculophylla, and Neorhodomela aculeata. Sthunbergii was the dominant species in terms of coverage and biomass at ail of the study sites. The average biomass varied from $23.72g/m^2$ in dry weight at Chaeseokpo to $66.43g/m^2$ at Padori. The species could be divided into six functional groups in terms of morphological characteristics: 41 coarsely branched forms, 25 filamentous forms, 16 sheet forms, 7 thick leathery forms, including the marine plant Phyllospadix iwatensis, 4 crustose forms, and 3 Jointed calcareous forms. The seaweed communities at the five study sites were unstable and the environmental conditions were bad or very bad. Among the five study sites, the ecological evaluation index (EEI) and diversity index (H') were maximal at Padori at 2.29 and 1.98, respectively. By contrast, the dominance index (DI) was minimal at Padori (0.55) and maximal at Baramarae (0.96). Therefore, we conclude that the rocky shore at Padori has the best environment among the five study sites, although the species richness and biomass of seaweeds have declined continuously over the last 10 years.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2002

한국 남해안 가학리의 해조상과 군집구조를 밝히기 위하여 1993년 9월에서 1994년 8월까지 매월 조사하였다. 조사결과 채집 동정된 해조류는 녹조류 11종, 갈조류 15종 및 홍조류 61종이었다 해조상 특성은 출현종을 기준으로 혼합성으로 밝혀졌다. 연중 우점종은 불등풀가사리이며, 준우점종으로는 지충이, 구멍갈파래 및 톳이었다. 수직분포는 조간대 상부로부터 하부까지 불등풀가사리-작은구슬산호말, 바위수염, 참풀가사리 (5월$\~$10월), 미끌풀, 지충이-톳, 구멍갈파래, 애기돌가사리, 참까막살이 분포하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2011

Ballasting and deballasting of shipping vessels in foreign ports have been reported worldwide as a vector of introduction of non-native aquatic plants and animals. Recently, attention has turned to ballast water as a factor in the global increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Many species of microalgae, including harmful dinoflagellate species, can remain viable for months in dormant benthic stages (cysts) in ballast sediments. Over a period of four years, we surveyed ballast water and sediment of ships docked in two ports of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Sampling conditions encountered while sampling ballast water and sediments were vastly different between vessels. Since no single sample collection protocol could be applied, existing methods for sampling ballast were modified and new methods created to reduce time and labor necessary for the collection of high-quality, qualitative samples. Five methods were refined or developed, including one that allowed for a directed intake of water and sediments. From 63 samples, 1,633 dinoflagellate cysts and cyst-like cells were recovered. A native, cyst-forming, harmful dinoflagellate, Alexandrium balechii (Steidinger) F. J. R. Taylor, was collected, isolated, and cultured from the same vessel six months apart, indicating that ships exchanging ballast water in Tampa Bay have the potential to transport HAB species to other ports with similar ecologies, exposing them to non-native, potentially toxic blooms.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.368-378
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• 1983

본 연구는 1982년 6월부터 1983년 5월까지 전남 여수반도 남단에 위치한 오동도 해조군락의 특성을 밟히기 위하여 5개의 line transect를 설치하고 연간 계절별로 조사된 자료를 분석 하였다. 해조류의 수직분포는 상부군이 Gelidium divaricatum, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra yezoensis, Scytosiphon lomentaria, Blidingia nana, Ectocarpus confervoides, 중부군이 Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis, 그리고 하부군은 Sargossum sagamianum, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum thunbergii 및 Gelidium amansii 등의 홍조류로 대표되었다. 출현해조의 종수와 피도는 4월에 최대이고 8월에 최소로되며 종별 우점도의 변화는 연중 출현종은 10월에, 일계절 출현종은 1월 또는 4월에 각각 최대치를 나타내었다. 유사도지수에 따른 5개 transect의 cluster analysis 결과 내만성군과 외양성의 2군으로 분류되었으며 본 지역은 남해안 중${\cdot}$동부 군락에 해당되는 Myelophycus simplex alliance의 Colpomenia sinuosa-Ecklonia cava association에 속한다고 본다.