• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2019

We conducted research to evaluate economically and engineering about the synthesis of Magnesium Oxide, MgO, nanoparticles using physicochemical methods. The method used was economic evaluation by calculating GPM, BEP, PBP, and CNPV. The other method used was engineering perspective. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting Mg(NO₃)₂ and NaOH with a mole ratio 1: 2. Mg(OH)₂ formed was heated and calcined to remove water content and to oxidation to form MgO. An economic evaluation by calculating GPM and CNPV for the production of MgO nanoparticles on an industrial scale shows that the payback period (PBP) occur in the third year and profits increase each year. Tax variations show that the higher of tax, the lower profits received. When there was an increase of selling prices, the profit was greater. The variable cost used is the price of raw material. When there was an increased in the variable cost price, the payback period was longer and the profits was reduced. The benefit of this research is knowing the industrial production of MgO nanoparticles is beneficial. The function of MgO nanoparticles is a material for the manufacture of ceramics and can be used as an antimicrobial in the water filtration process.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.9
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• pp.213-242
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• 1998

Even in the best of economic environments, restaurants menu pricing is a serious concern to those in the food service industry. During times of rapid inflation, closer government regulation of compensation practices, and limited gains in worker productivity, the decisions regarding the proper charge for menu items become increasingly important. In addition to many operational and managerial factors, an important ingredient in the food service enterprise's success is its ability to meet the market by providing the value expected. The contribution-margin approach to pricing described above is familiar to cost accountants, who will also recognize that it admits of much elaboration before it can become a tool for day-to-day decisions. But the system probably has the greatest promise for multi-unit companies, where the cost benefit ratio of additional refinements improves in proportion to the number of operations. For example, the analysis required to specify the demand function better becomes less expensive if the findings can be applied to the pricing structure of numerous units. In any of its many adaptations, the essence of the integrated menu pricing system remains its ability to bring together the relevant revenues and costs with the operator's sense of the market and competitive environment to suggest prices that maximize profits.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 2004

There have been many studies to build a model that can help investors construct optimal portfolio. Most of the previous models, however, are based upon the path-breaking Markowitz model (1959) which is a quantitative model. One of the most important problems with that kind of quantitative model is that, in reality, most of the investors use not only quantitative, but also qualitative information when they select their optimal portfolio. Since collecting both types of information from the markets are time consuming and expensive, making a set of target assets smaller, without suffering heavy loss in the rate of return, would attract investors. To extract only desired assets among all available assets, we need knowledge that identifies investors' preference for the risk of the assets. This study suggests two-layer decision-making rules capable of identifying an investor's risk preference and an architecture applying them to a quantitative portfolio model based on risk and expected return. Our knowledge-based portfolio system is to build an investor's preference-oriented portfolio. The empirical tests using the data from Korean capital markets show the results that our model contributes significantly to the construction of a better portfolio in the perspective of an investor's benefit/cost ratio than that produced by the existing portfolio models.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.33-54
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• 2021

This study is aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of yellowtail culture using the copper alloy net cage in Gyeongsangbuk-do. First of all, in order to evaluate the copper alloy net cage on yellowtail culture, I review the trend on the yellowtail culture industry and research the concept of copper alloy net cage. The copper-alloy net cage is now recognized as an advantages of its system stability, recycling, antibiosis and food safety. The results were summarized as follows: first, there was significant meaning of the profit model of yellowtail culture by the price difference. Second, I analyzed in the economic feasibility of yellowtail culture using the copper alloy net cage, internal rate of return (IRR) was 51.58%, a benefit-cost ratio was shown to be 2.27 and net present value (NPV) was 1,087,337 thousand won, which indicates the economic feasibility of yellowtail culture using the copper alloy net cage is profitable. Finally, in order to improve the economic valuation, it is necessary to focus more on the developing of technology and cost reduction strategy on the copper alloy net cage.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1994

I will try to serve as the basis for the development of a clinical therapeutic guideline of antipsychotic drugs. Knowing that many patients fail standard treatment recommendations, either because of insufficient efficacy or intolerance to adverse effects, led us to emphasize the importance of the guideline. The clinicians continually assimilate new information about recent advances, including : novel agents targeted to impact specific components of various neurotransmitter systems ; combination strategies ; alternative uses of existing agents ; and specialized requirements of a growing number of identified diagnostic subtypes. The cost to benefit ratio must always be considered when developing a therapeutic guideline.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Feed conversion efficiency contributes directly or indirectly on the cost benefit ratio of silkworm rearing and is considered to be an important physiological criterion for evaluating the superiority of silkworm breeds/hybrids. Food intake, assimilation and conversion of indigenous as well as exotic silkworm races are well studied by many researchers. In this review, an attempt has been made to consolidate works on feed conversion aspects of indigenous and exotic silkworm races. The paper also deals with the effect of various factors viz., nutritional, environmental and feeding on food assimilation and conversion parameters of mulberry silkworm.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

Single phase, narrow beam X-ray attenuation data were obtained using various construction materials concrete, white block, red block, 3 hole block, gypsum board, artificial marble, cement, plate glass, wood, and lead. Tube voltages of 60, 80, 100, 120 kVp were employed and the resulting curves were compared to transmission data found in this report. The shielding methodology and the derivation of equations used for determination of barrier requirements were presented in NCRP 49. We could calculate the X-ray exposed dose after attenuation and thickness of protection barrier in the clinic facilities accordingly. For the purpose of maximizing the benefit/cost ratio to diagnostic shielding, various construction materials must be installed carefully and attnuation rate considered thoroughly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2014

This study analyzes performance-cost ratio of various polycarbonate(PC) pigpen. The finite element models using the ANSYS program described in this paper is attractive not only because it shows excellent accuracy in analysis but also it shows the benefit of parameter study by using APDL. We have performed various parameter study of total 6 models. And we compared and analyzed the results of 6 models. From the numerical examples, we recommend model M2. Model M2 is PC pigpen with steel in PC.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is the neuromuscular junction disorder mostly caused by antibody against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR antibody) at the muscle endplate. The goal of treatment is to induce and maintain remission, i.e., absence of symptoms, with the least cost-to-benefit ratio. Although corticosteroids are effective in inducing remission in most patients, they have numerous potentially serious adverse effects with their long-term use. In addition, some patients do not respond or are intolerant to the conventional treatment. In this article, we discuss the difficulties encountered in long-term immunosuppressive treatment of MG, and review useful tips for the use of corticosteroids. Long-term immunosuppressive agents that can be used in steroid-refractory or -dependent patients will be reviewed with their safety profiles and efficacy in MG.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.455-467
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• 2015

This study analyzed the regional economic feasibility of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction technology in paddy rice. Firstly, the impact of GHGs reduction technology on productivity, emission reduction, and costs is different from region to region. Secondly, the water irrigation system contributes to productivity, GHGs reduction, and water reduction, but the profit of paddy rice will decrease because of increase in fixed costs and variable costs. Thirdly, the economic feasibility shows that water-savings plot has a 1.41 in a benefit-cost ratio.