• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.29-57
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• 2014

본고는 실업급여와 생애적 차원에서 소비균등화를 도모할 수 있는 대출을 이용하여 근로자에게 실직에 따른 소득감소 보전 및 실직위험에 대한 보험을 효과적으로 제공하는 소득보장 체계를 제시한다. 특히 대출 상환을 추후 근로자 소득과 연계시키는 소득연계식 대출(ICL)과 실업급여를 통해 실직자들의 구직유인 감퇴 효과를 최소화하면서 상태별 혹은 동태적 소비균등화를 효율적으로 도모할 수 있는 실업보조 제도를 분석한다. 또 본고는 소득연계식 대출이 실업자 소득보장 제도뿐 아니라 여타 복지 프로그램에도 적용될 수 있는 일반적인 정책수단이 될 수 있음을 지적하고, 따라서 ICL이 최근의 복지서비스 수요 증대에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 새로운 복지정책 패러다임으로서 기능할 수 있음을 밝힌다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1997

From water management point of view, the industrialization that we have achieved in the last decades brought out two major changes: water shortage and water quality deterioration. They are getting the big obstacles we must overcome to continuously pursue industrialization for further development in the next century. Many plans using dams and advanced treatment methods have been developed for control of quantity and quality, respectively. In this paper, an alternative is conceptually reviewed which is much different from the plans in regard that the alternative looks at system itself. It is based on an interceptor system coupling with a concept of zero-discharge. This system allows no discharge of wastewaters from point-sources to waterbodies which are very sensitive in terms of water quality. In addition reuse of treated effluents is emphasized to a maximum extent. The application of the system to the Nak-Dong river basin indicated that an interceptor system will need from the middle reaches of the basin where industrialization gets heavier. Since wastewaters are not directly discharged to the river, water quality of the down stream will improve. Treated effluents will be able to be reused at a number of industrial complex which currently get water from the Nak-Dong river. This reuse will help alleviate water shortage. The biggest problem anticipated is cost for building and operating such system. A cost-sharing plan among the beneficiaries is considered. Further research is suggested focusing on detailed engineering and technical matters for potential implementation.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

Background: A need arises to efficiently control health expenditure for medical aid due to a sharp increase in medical aid expenditure. This study experimently analyzes the impact of physician behavior on medical use for medical aid beneficiaries using supplier induced demand (SID) theory. Methods: This study looks into analyze SID effect using expenditure factor analysis of medical aid for the years between 2003 and 2010 in comparison with health insurance. Moreover, this study analyzes the existence and scale of SID using econometrics modeling with panel data on 16 cities and provinces's health expenditure data for medical aid from 2003 1/4 to 2010 4/4. Results: This study finds that the growth rate of visit days per capita and treatment amount per visit days for medical aid is higher than health insurance. Furthermore, the result of econometrics modeling analysis shows the existence of SID in general hospital, hospital, clinic, oriental clinic. Conclusion: In order to efficiently control expenditure for medical aid, it is required to reinforce macro polices such as the introduction of 'target management' and micro policies such as the strengthen of management on medical institutes in the perspective of suppliers as well as regulations of demanders.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제46권
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• pp.60-88
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• 2001

This paper examined the impacts of the welfare reform program, California Work Pays Demonstration Program(CWPDP), implemented in 1992. CWPDP was designed to move welfare recipients into the labor market by reducing the amount of AFDC grants and one-third earned income disregard. The evaluation of the policy impacts on the welfare recipients was conducted in two areas: employment and earnings. This study used a subset of a database created by the California Department of Social Services, and University of California Data Archive and Technical Assistance. The subset is composed of 3,936 AFDC-FG cases selected in LA County: 1,311 control cases and 2,625 experimental cases. The control group was kept on the AFDC rules as of September 1992, while the experimental group was subject to AFDC rule changes implemented under CWPDP. The analyses of the employment and earnings using the random effects probit model and the random effects regression model, respectively, indicated that CWPDP did not effectively encourage female heads to participate in the labor market. It also revealed that CWPDP did not significantly increase the earnings of female heads. The findings imply that the disincentive structure of the public assistance program is not the main barrier preventing female heads from getting jobs and leaving the welfare rolls. Rather, participation in the labor market and exit from welfare is mainly determined by their own demographic characteristics and the economic cycle. Based on the findings, policy implications are suggested on the National Minimum Protection Program in Korea. Those include a flexible exemption rate for the earned income of beneficiaries, affordable child care services, and guaranteed public jobs.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2014

The foundation of the arbitration jurisdiction is the arbitration agreement entered into by the parties to a contract. Usually, only the signatory parties to a contract and the disputes arising from a contract that includes an arbitration clause or to which the arbitration clause relates are the ones that can be submitted to arbitration. This article discusses some of the arguments for extending the arbitration clause in complex arbitrations, that is, in those cases where there are more than two parties, more than two contracts or more than two parties and contracts. Particularly, this paper addresses multiple contract arbitration when the contracts are related. One of the arguments used by the arbitral tribunal for the extension of jurisdiction is the existence of a link between the contracts. Additional arguments include implied consent, participation in the negotiation and performance of a contract and good faith. The article also discusses some of the typical cases of linked contracts in many civil law countries, such as subcontracts, third party beneficiaries and standard terms of contracts, from which arbitral jurisdictions problems may arise. Finally, special attention is given to Article 14 of the 2008 Peruvian Arbitration Law as the first provision in an arbitration law in Latin America that extends the arbitration agreement to non-signatory parties using for this a mixed approach.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the association between sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and channels retrieved for health information. Methods: Questionnaire survey was performed from April 2007 to May 2007 through household visiting. Sample was selected according to gender, household income, and residence district. We got 1,009 respondents and subgroups were as follows; 508 people had health insurance, 250 people were medical indigent group, and 251 people were medicaid beneficiaries. Results: People seemed to be separated into subgroups by channels used for health information. One was active and the other was passive group. Characteristics of passive group were older age, worker or inoccupation, less income, subjective poverty, lower education, loss of spouse, medical indigent or medicaid group. They usually got health information through mass media like TV and radio or medical professionals. Characteristics of active group were younger age, professional, more income, subjective affluence, higher education, single or married, and member of health insurance. They mainly got health information through printed media like newspaper or the Internet. Conclusion: We suggest to provide health information through various channels customed to individual needs and literacy. Public health stakeholders seems better to focus on people with low education, insufficient health literacy, poor health status, and short information technology.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.895-904
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• 2008

Purpose: This study analyzes the trends of nursing researches about organ donation and transplantation, and recommends the direction of future nursing studies in Korea. Methods: Ninety-nine researches based upon organ donation and transplantation in Korea were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Among them 58 papers were master's theses and 9 were doctoral dissertations. Articles about organ beneficiaries were seventy. The 47 articles among them were for kidney transplantation. By the types of research design, there were 73 quantitative studies, 19 qualitative studies, and 9 methodological studies. In correlation studies, the quality of life of subjects were evaluated the association with stress, social support, self-efficacy, and compliance. In experimental studies, the independent variables were self efficacy promotion exercise, steroid medication, educational programs regarding an organ transplantation and a brain death, DanJeon breathing exercise, and telephone counseling. The methods of qualitative studies were based on the grounded theory, phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, and ethnography. The dominant concepts of qualitative researches were experiences of a decision-making of donors and of recipients for organ transplantation. Conclusion: Descriptive surveys or correlation studies were predominant on the nursing research about organ transplantation. Qualitative studies were conducted to some extent. It is recommended to conduct clinically applicable interventional researches with the experimental design.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.295-315
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• 2003

Since the end of World War II, the standby letters of credit have been used as a surety device, serving as a performance bond and guarantee in the world. UCP has been used a governing rule for standby letters of credit transactions in international commercial transactions. But the UCP may be sufficient for certain simple standbys, it is not fully applicable nor appropriate for standbys - as is recognized in UCP 500 Article 1. On the other hand, the International Standby Practices(ISP98) provide rules of practice drafted specifically for standby letters of credit intended as an alternative to UCP 500. It became effective on January 1, 1999. In addition to restating general rules applicable to all independent undertakings with greater precision than does UCP 500, thereby reducing the possibility of litigation, it addresses issues that commonly arise in standby practice not addressed in UCP 500. UCP 500 is valid and still applies to standby letter of credit "to the extent to which they may be applicable." Since ISP98 and UCP 500 coexist and may be applicable to standby letters of credit by incorporation, applicants, beneficiaries and issuers have a choice. This study will assist all interested parties in establishing the right rules for the right product, for the right standby letters of credit.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2016

The development impact fee (DIF) zoning is used to adequately provide the pre-planned urban infrastructures in those urban and regional sectors where significant urban sprawl has already taken place followed by the rapid population growth. The infrastructure installation fees are levied to those landowners whose properties belong to the DIF zone in which they enjoy the direct benefits that accrue from the installed infrastructures. While the law is deemed to be equitable in that the actual beneficiaries pay for their benefits, it is required to designate the zone boundaries accurately and consistently since they are the very dividers that differentiate the legitimate fee-payers and the free-riders. This study, especially, tries to test a seemingly advanced alternative, so-called the cost-weighted distance measure, as a potential candidate to replace the current air-distance measures to designate the zone boundaries. The statistics indicate that the coefficient of variation for major indices spread from 11.75 to 35.6 in the case of the latter method, it only ranges from 0.21 to 0.76 in the case of the former. The zonal outcomes also show much higher consistency in their shapes. It is hoped, in this context, that the study findings could possibly be adopted in the future research efforts expected soon to amend and improve the current DIF zoning law.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2015

Due to lack of an information system regarding the status of using home-visit nursing (HVN), it has barriers of providing improvement of the HVN for management of elderly health care in Korea. The twofold aims of the current review are to expose the existing agendas for HVN and to suggest the political implications for HVN of Korea based on the transition process and revised HVN system of Japan. This review suggests that an information evaluation system has to precede for HVN services in detail. And, the service provided per manpower should be assessed by separating the code of manpower (registered nurse, nurse aide, dental hygienist) as well as securing detailed and precise information on the HVN services. The other suggestion, development of a community-based home health care nursing model in order to provide necessary services for long-term health insurance beneficiaries. In addition, a master plan for health care for elderly should be established at the national level in order to establish an effective home health nursing delivery system.