• 정신신체의학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

연구목적 호모시스테인은 인지기능의 손상과 다양한 정신과 증상들과 연관되어 있다. 본 연구는 혈중 호모시스테인 농도와 치매의 행동심리증상 사이에 연관성을 검증하기 위해서 시행되었다. 방법 DSM-IV에 의해 알쯔하이머형 치매로 진단된 환자 41명의 혈중 호모시스테인, 엽산, 비타민 $B_{12}$ 농도를 측정하였다. 그리고 병력청취, 신체검사와 간이정신상태기능검사(MMSE), 전반적 퇴화척도(GDS), 임상치매 평가척도(CDR), 한국형 신경정신행동검사(K-NPI)를 수행하였다. 결과 호모시스테인 농도와 NPI 총 점수 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 관찰되었고 망상, 초조/공격성, 우울/불쾌, 들뜸/흥분과 같은 여러 하위항목과도 양의 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 호모시스테인 농도와 MMSE, GDS, CDR 점수 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 본 연구는 혈중 호모시스테인 농도가 치매의 행동심리증상과 연관되어 있음을 보여준다. 추가적인 연구를 통하여 이와 연관된 병태생리학적 기전을 밝히는 것이 필요하다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.114-116
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• 2008

Mania in psychiatry describes not only the state of temporary elation of the mood but also of the general mental function such as contents of a thought, thinking process, motivation, enthusiasm, interest, behavior, slumber and physical activities. The time of period when the above changes of mood, mental and behavioral disorder appear is called a manic episode. Postoperative mania is very rare and it has been reported only 5 times in english literature. It's an extremely rare case which has not yet been reported in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. Patients normally deny the symptoms and it is easy to miss the diagnosis since the patient tends to seem content and happy. Patients show the following initial symptoms of mania - postoperative insomnia, atypical gregariousness, euphoria and unstability. Patients who are not disaffected with insomnia can also be included.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1995

N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor has been well known as an important mediator of several forms of neural and behavioral plasticity. But different results were reported about the effect of MK-801 or dextromethorphan on opioid dependence. The present studies examined whether NMDA receptor antagonists can alter the opioid dependence and tolerance in rodents. Naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms and changes of locomotor activities were observed in MK-801 or dextromethorphan pretreated morphine-dependent rats. Tail-flick assay was used for morphine analgesia and tolerance was found after 4 day's consecutive injections (10 mg/kg, s.c., twice/day) of morphine in mice. Locomotor activity was increased and the withdrawal symptoms were decreased by the pretreatment of MK-801 in morphine-dependent rats. But 0.3 mg/kg i.p. of MK-801 intensified the body weight loss and produced severe ataxia and rotation although some withdrawal signs were attenuated. Morphine induced analgesic tolerance was inhibited by the pretreatment of MK-801 and dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan was more potent than MK-801 in inhibiting the development of the analgesic tolerance in mice. These results suggest that NMDA system may be involved in opioid withdrawal and analgesic tolerance but appropriate caution should be requested when MK-801 is used in combination with opioid because of untoward neurologic signs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

In patients with a language developmental delay, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), specific language impairment, and mental retardation. It is important that pediatricians recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs, as many patients with language developmental delays are ultimately diagnosed with ASDs. Pediatricians play an important role in the early recognition of ASDs, because they are usually the first point of contact for children with ASDs. A revision of the diagnostic criteria of ASDs was proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that was released in May 2013. The autism spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth edition of the DSM. The new diagnostic criteria encompasses previous elements from the diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. An additional change to the DSM includes synthesizing the section on social and communication deficits into one domain. In ASD patients, the appropriate behavioral therapies and rehabilitation treatments significantly affect the prognosis. Therefore, this makes early diagnosis and treatment very important. In conclusion, pediatricians need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs and be attentive to them in order to make an early diagnosis and provide treatment.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intake experience of mother's milk intake/baby food intake, present eating habits, and atopy symptoms in elementary school students in Chungnam province. More frequent intake of mother's milk was associated with less atopy symptoms. Subjects who had good attitudes for baby food in the past had less unfavorite foods. In addition, subjects that ate fruits and vegetable-baby food had better eating attitudes for a balanced diet. Unbalanced diet was associated with worse behavior characteristics. Frequency of eating breakfast affected behavioral characteristics. As this study had regional and size limitations, it is necessary to further investigate the relationship between past intake experience of mother's milk/attitude towards baby foods and present eating habits/physical growth. Based on these results, past intake experience of mother's milk/attitude towards baby foods might affect present physical growth/development and eating habits of subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Methylphenidate is a widely used stimulant for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition to core symptoms of attention and behavioral symptoms, methylphenidate is even effective for executive functions. However, abuse and misuse of stimulants, including methylphenidate, for the purpose of cognitive enhancement is an issue of concern worldwide. Some prejudices and misunderstandings against methylphenidate are popular ; however, little attention has been given to the neuropsychiatric evidence of methylphenidate for enhancement of cognitive function among healthy populations. In this article, our aim was to conduct a review of previous studies investigating the effect of methylphenidate in healthy populations. Findings from several recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of methylphenidate for enhancement of cognitive function in healthy populations. The mechanisms of cognitive enhancement are thought to be associated with motivation and the reward circuit in the brain. However, when considering the risk to benefit, an official discussion of the use of methylphenidate among healthy members of the population would be premature. Instead, investigation of epidemiological studies of the prevalence of misuse of stimulants among healthy members of the population, particularly adolescents and college students, is needed. In addition, based on achievements reported in previous studies, investigation of the effect of an approach using non-pharmacological enhancing motivation, which will in turn result in increased cognitive function would be helpful.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2006

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Some characteristics of depression in Korea were elucidated. The tendency to express depressive feeling through somatic complaints is more prominent in Korea than in Western countries. Careful studies on depressive symptoms suggest that guilt and suicidal idea are apparent among Korean depressive patients as well as among Western subjects. But most depressive patients in Korea are reluctant to express suicidal idea, which is hidden under the somatic complaints. We should remember the possibility of research artifacts or cultural bias with regard to the evaluation of depressive symptoms of a country in comparison with other countries. Non-pharmacological treatment of depression includes dynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, self-care treatment, etc. Some kinds of Korean culture relevant psychotherapies are introduced: Tea therapy, Imago therapy, Tao psychotherapy, and combined approach. Interest in the aged people is growing recently, and the research about the factors which affect the depressive disorders in older patients and treatment strategy for them is ongoing.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the second most common disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD includes both "motor" and "non-motor" symptoms, one of which is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with PD, 70% of which had mild to moderate PD (stages 2/3 of Hoehn and Yahr scale). The average age was 67.4 years, and the average duration since PD diagnosis was 7.1 years. Relevant data collected from PD patients were obtained from their personal medical history. Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be high (82%), with most patients (79.2%) relating their pain to PD. Disease duration was correlated with the frequency of intense pain (R: 0.393; P < 0.05). PD pain is most frequently perceived as an electrical current (64%), and two pain varieties were most prevalent (2.60 ± 0.63). Our findings confirm links between pain, its evolution over time, its multi-modal character, the wide variety of symptoms of PD, and the female sex. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the pain felt by PD patients is mainly felt as an electrical current, which contrasts with other studies where the pain is described as burning and itching. Our classification is innovative because it is based on anatomy, whereas those of other authors were based on syndromes.

• 대한의사협회지
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.758-764
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• 2018

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a cluster of symptoms and signs that manifest as difficulties in cognitive functions such as memory, psychological and psychiatric changes, and impairments in activities of daily living. As a result of worldwide trends of population aging, dementia has had a huge impact on public health in almost all countries. Disease modification therapies for dementia have not yet been developed. However, pharmacotherapy is essential in patients with dementia to combat delays in their cognitive and functional decline. In this article, we review the current pharmacotherapy for dementia. Three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors-donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine-and memantine are the only medications that have been approved for the treatment of dementia. We present the indications, dose recommendations, side effects, and criteria for National Health Insurance coverage in Korea of these medications for dementia treatment. Although the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea has not approved any medications for managing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, some antipsychotics and antidepressants have been studied and used clinically for those purposes. Clinicians may consider vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba extract, choline alfoscerate, or omega-3 fatty acids as additional treatment options. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen hormone therapy, and statins are not generally recommended for dementia treatment. We believe that our findings will aid clinicians in the treatment of patients with cognitive decline.

• 디지털정책학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2023

본 연구는 종합병원에 근무하는 암병동 간호사와 일반병동 간호사의 직무스트레스와 신체화 증상간의 관계를 알아보기 위한 조사연이다. 참가자는 종합병원에 근무하는 114명의 간호사로 일반적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스와 신체화 증상을 확인하고 두 변수들의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과 암병동 간호사는 일반병동 간호사보다 직무스트레스와 신체화 증상이 모두 높았으며, 암병동 간호사와 일반병동 간호사 모두 직무스트레스와 신체화 증상은 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 암병동 간호사에 대한 안전한 근무환경 및 호스피스 간호와 관련한 심리적 지원을 통하여 암병동 간호사의 직무스트레스를 완화시시키고 나타날 수 있는 신체화 증상을 예방하는 의료기관의 적극적 지원이 필요하다.