• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.777-777
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• 2005

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1991

실트질 접토의 심강(沈降) 특성(特性)에 미치는 초기농도(初期濃度)($C_o$) 및 저면전단응력(底面剪斷應力)(${\tau}_b$)의 효과에 대한 연구를 하기 위해 황해안 영광해역에서 채취한 실트질 점토를 사용하여 순환식 개수로에서 퇴적실험(堆積實驗)을 하였다. 상대농도(相對濃度) $C/C_o$(C=수심 평균한 농도) 및 상대평형농도(相對平衡濃度) $C_{eq}/C_o$($C_{eq}$=평형상태에서 수심 평균한 농도)는 저면전단응력(底面剪斷應力)에 강하게 좌우되며, 초기농도(初期濃度)에는 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 또한 이들 값은 저면전단응력(底面剪斷應力)이 클수록 증가하였다. 황해안 영광해역 퇴적물(堆積物)의 퇴적한계저면전단응력(堆積限界底面剪斷應力)의 최소치는 ${\tau}_{bmin}{\simeq}0.017N/m^2$, 퇴적한계저면전단응력(堆積限界底面剪斷應力)의 최대치는 ${\tau}_{bmax}{\simeq}1.25N/m^2$이며, 이들 값은 퇴적물(堆積物)의 구성성분에 강하게 좌우된다. ${\tau}_b{\geq}{\tau}_{bmin}$ 범위에서 상대농도(相對濃度)($C_{eq}/C_o$)와 겉보기 중앙심강속도(中央沈降速度)($W_{s50}{^{\prime}}$)에 대한 식을 유도하였다. 겉보기 중앙심강속도(中央沈降速度)는 초기농도(初期濃度)보다 저면전단응력(底面剪斷應力)에 훨씬 더 강한 영향을 받고, 저면전단응력(底面剪斷應力)이 증가할수록 지수적으로 감소하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

본 논문은 점착성 변화에 따른 부유 미립자의 플럭밀도에 대한 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 플럭밀도에 관한 분석은 바닥전단응력 변화와 이온첨가 조건하에 자유수면이 존재하는 소형 환형수조에서 수행되었다. 미립자 실리카는 퇴적물에 영향을 미치는 점토의 주요 광물 성분이기 때문에 이를 실험재료로써 사용하였다. 연구결과로서 플럭밀도는 바닥전단응력, 염분과 pH값의 증가에 의존함을 나타낸다. 플럭밀도는 정지수면상태에서 염분과 플럭입자가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 반면에 바닥전단응력이 증가하면 정반대로 나타난다. 플럭밀도는 바닥전단응력의 범위가 $0.0086{\sim}0.0132N/m^2$이면 pH4.2에서 보다 pH6.8에서 증가하였다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Scour hole is formed due to the high shear stress of the jet flow at the outlet of a hydraulic structure and vortex erosion occurs in the scour hole. It is important to determine the amount of vortex erosion occurs in the scour hole. It is important to determine the amount of vortex erosion for the design of bed protection. If the vortex erosion continues and reaches to the hydraulic structure, it causes the deformation of the structure itself. To obtain the amount of the vortex erosion, it is necessary to determine the shear velocity of the line vortex in the scour hole was derived by the theory of energy conservation and found to be related to the upstream overflow velocity. The amount of vortex erosion from the scour hole was obtained using entrainment equation for given value of shear velocity. For a design purpose, if the flow velocity at the end of an apron and the properties of bed material are given, the amount of vortex erosion was obtained.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to quantify the erosional parameters, such as the critical shear stress for erosion and the erosion rate coefficient for cohesive sediments from the Mokpo coast. Using Chonbuk annular flume, five erosion tests were conducted under the uniform bed condition but a different bed density respectively. Erosion test results for Mokpo sediments have shown increases in the range of $0.16{\sim}0.43\;N/m^2$ but decreases exponentially in the range of $272{\sim}4.64\;mg/cm^2{\cdot}hr$ for the given bed shear stress of $1.14{\sim}1.34\;g/cm^3$. The erosional parameters of Mokpo sediments are found to vary remarkably in quantity compared with those for cohesive sediments from other sites. On the whole, the value of Mokpo coast sediments appears to be similar to Kunsan sediments but smaller than Saemankeum and Okeechobee sediments. On the other hand, Mokpo sediments have been shown to be larger than Saemankeum and Okeechobee sediments but smaller than Kunsan sediments.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2011

Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.319-319
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• 2023

Flows of water in the environment (e.g. in a river or estuary) generally occur in complex conditions. This complexity can hinder a general understanding of flows and their related sedimentary processes, such as erosion and deposition. To gain insight in simplified, controlled conditions, hydraulic flumes are a popular type of laboratory research equipment. Linear flumes use pumps to recirculation water. This isn't appropriate for the investigation of cohesive sediments as pumps can break fragile cohesive sediment flocs. To overcome this limitation, the rotating annular flume (RAF) was developed. While not having pumps, a side-effect is that unwanted secondary circulations can occur. To counteract this, the top and bottom lid rotate in opposite directions. Furthermore, a larger flume is considered better as it has less curvature and secondary circulation. While only a few RAFs exist, they are important for theoretical research which often underlies numerical models. Many of the first-generation of RAFs have come into disrepair. As new measurement techniques and models become available, there is still a need to research cohesive sediment erosion and deposition in facilities such as a RAF. New RAFs also can have the advantage of being automatic instead of manually operated, thus improving data quality. To further advance our understanding of cohesive sediment erosion and deposition processes, a large, automatic RAF (1.72 m radius, 0.495 m channel depth, 0.275 m channel width) has been constructed at the Hydraulic Laboratory at Chungnam National University (CNU), Korea. The RAF has the ability to simulate both unidirectional (river) and bidirectional (tide) flows with supporting instrumentation for measuring turbulence, bed shear stress, suspended sediment concentraiton, floc size, bed level, and bed density. Here we present the current status and future prospect of the CNU RAF. In the future, calibration of the rotation rate with bed shear stress and experiments with unidirectional and bidirectional flow using cohesive kaolinite are expected. Preliminary results indicate that the CNU RAF is a valuable tool for fundamental cohesive sediment transport research.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 환형수조를 이용한 침식실험을 통하여 국내 최초로 퇴적저면의 침식매개변수들이 정량적으로 산정되었다. 퇴적저면은 고농도의 고령토 슬러리를 기 설정된 시간 동안 압밀시켜 조성되었으며, 각기 다른 압밀구조를 갖는 퇴적저면 조건 하에서 총 4회의 침식실험이 수행되었다. 침식실험 결과에 따르면, 흐름전단응력 ${\tau}_b$에 대한 저항력을 나타내는 저면전단강도 ${\tau}_s$는 압밀시간 및 저면(퇴적층) 깊이가 깊어짐에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 침식률${\epsilon}$은 흐름전단응력과 저면전단강도의 차로 주어지는 잉여전단응력 ${\tau}_b-{\tau}_s$과 상관성이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났는데, ${\tau}_b-{\tau}_s{\leq}0.1N/m^2$인 경우에 침식률의 로그 값은 잉여전단응력과 선형적 관계에 있으나, ${\tau}_b-{\tau}_s{\leq}0.1N/m^2$인 조건에서는 잉여전단응력이 작아질수록 침식률이 급격하게 작아지는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서는 과거 연구결과와의 비교검토를 통하여 본 침식실험 결과에 대한 타당성이 입증되었으며, $0.1N/m^2$ 이하의 잉여전단응력 구간에서 침식률을 보다 잘 표현할 수 있는 새로운 침식률 산정식이 제시되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제34권E호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1992

At downstream part of the hydraulic structures such as spiliway or drainage gate, jet flow can occur by gate opening. If stream bed is not hard or bed protection is not sufficient, scour hole will be formed due to high shear stress of the jet flow. We call this primary scour. Once the scour hole is formed, a vortex occurs in it and this vortex causes additional scour. We call this secondary scour. The primary scour proceeds to downstream together with flow direction but the secondary one proceeds to upstream direction opposite to it. If the secondary one continues and reaches to the hydraulic structure, it can undermine the bottom of hydraulic structure and this will lead to failure of structure itself. Thus, it is necessary to know the physical features of the vortex structure in a scour hole, which is the main mechanism of the secondary scour. This study deals with the characteristics of the vortex structure and its shear stress which causes the secondary scour.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2017

전단응력은 여러 분야에서 사용하는 매우 중요한 역학 인자 중 하나이며, 인공수로의 설계를 위해서 중요하다. 현재 전단응력은 과거에 정해진 계산법을 사용하고 있지만, 사용되는 식에서 바닥전단응력과 에너지경사와 같이 실제로 측정하거나 계산하기 어려운 요소들이 존재한다. 특히, 에너지경사는 산정하기 매우 어려운 인자이며, 전단응력분포를 구하기위해서는 에너지경사가 있어야만 산정할 수 있지만, 경계층의 유속기울기와 유속을 측정하는 것은 현실적으로 어려운 부분이다. 또한 전단응력분포 중 바닥전단응력은 직접 측정하기 매우 어렵고, 유속에 비해 연구가 다소 더딘 실정이다. 전단응력분포를 정확하게 산정할 수 있다면, 바닥전단응력과 에너지경사를 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 에너지경사를 반영하지 않고 엔트로피 M을 이용하여 평균유속과 전단응력분포를 간단히 산정하는 연구를 진행하였고, 적용한 식의 효용성을 증명하기 위해 기존의 실험실 실측 자료를 사용하였다. 이는 그래프를 통해 응력분포를 나타내어 비교분석을 하였으며, 등류와 부등류에서 각각 결정계수는 0.930-0.998까지로 거의 일치하였다.