• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 2011

Objectives The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures of depression in both research and clinical practice. The Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) is the most recent version of the BDI. Validity of the BDI-II has been documented in other countries. This study examined the factor structure of the Korean version of BDI-II in a large sample of university students. Method Data were obtained from 2,529 students of Kongju National University. The factor structures of the Korean version of BDI-II were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results A high level of internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = 0.91) and item homogeneity was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure (cognitive and somatic-affective), which was almost identical to the original model demonstrated by Beck et al. The following confirmatory factor analysis also supported the two-factor structure (cognitive and somatic-affective) is a better fit than the other two-factor structure (cognitive-affective and somatic). The higher mean score for women compared to men is consistent with the results of previous reports. Conclusion These data support the reliability and concurrent validity of the Korean version of BDI-II as a measure of depressive symptoms in nonclinical samples.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.1300-1306
• /
• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effects of complex Korean medicine therapy for tinnitus associated with ear fullness, depression, and anxiety. Case Report: A 52-year-old female patient suffering from tinnitus with ear fullness, depression, and anxiety was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine. We used the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a Verbal Numerical Rating Score (VNRS) to assess the patient's symptoms. The administration of the acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine improved the ear fullness, depression and anxiety symptoms. No side effects were observed during the treatment. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that complex Korean medicine therapy, such as acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine, may be effective for the treatment of tinnitus associated with ear fullness, depression, and anxiety.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Gamiguibi-hwan on Climacteric Syndrome. Method: We treated 50 cases menopausal disorder patients with Gamiguibi-hwan for 12 weeks. We estimated the effects by Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Results: After treatment, the mean of MRS, PSQI and BDI-II score were decreased. Conclusions: This case shows that Gamiguibi-hwan is effective in treating menopausal disorder patients.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.317-327
• /
• 2022

Objectives: To examine clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on depressive disorder. Methods: Medical records of 102 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder who were treated with Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 12 weeks and measured psychological scales (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)) every 4 weeks were analyzed. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, BDI-II, STAI-X-1/2, BAI, and STAXI-S/T all decreased statistically significantly. STAI-X-1 and BAI were significantly decreased throughout the treatment interval (comparisons every 4 weeks). The other four scales decreased significantly from 0 to 4 weeks and from 8 to 12 weeks. Conclusions: Treatment for depressive disorder with Korean Medicine was effective not only in improving overall symptoms of depressed patients, but also in improving accompanying anxiety, anger, and physical symptoms. In addition, since all scores were gradually decreased, continuous treatment would be important.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 2018

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms and tardive dyskinesia (TD) and reveal the association of cognitive function and TD in patients with schizophrenia. Methods We recruited 30 schizophrenia patients with TD and 31 without TD from a national mental hospital in South Korea. To assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were conducted. Using the five-factor structure of the BDI-II and BAI, somatic anxiety, cognitive depression, somatic depression, subjective anxiety, and autonomic anxiety were assessed. Computerized neurocognitive function test (CNT) was performed to assess levels of cognitive functions. We compared the clinical characteristics, levels of cognitive functions, and depressive and anxiety symptoms between schizophrenia patients with TD and without TD. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and Mann Whitney U test were conducted to compare two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships among the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), BDI-II, BAI, somatic anxiety, cognitive depression, somatic depression, subjective anxiety, and autonomic anxiety. Results The subjects with TD had significantly lower score on the cognitive depression than those without TD (t = -2.087, p = 0.041). There were significant correlations between the AIMS score and the BDI-II score (r = -0.386, p = 0.035) and between the AIMS score and cognitive depression score (r = - 0.385, p = 0.035). Conclusions Our findings suggest the inverse relationship between severities in TD and depression and support the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the pathophysiology of TD and depression.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2022

연구목적 본 연구는 정신건강의학과 환자의 수면의 질이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향과 모호함에 대한 해석 편향과 불안증상의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 한양대학교 구리병원 정신건강의학과의 외래 환자와 입원 환자를 대상으로 축적된 자료를 사용하였으며, 측정 도구로는 피츠버그 수면의 질 척도(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), 모호한 상황에서의 시나리오 척도(Ambiguous/Unambiguous Situations Diary-Extended Version, AUSD-EX), 아동기 외상설문지(Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), 백 불안 척도(Beck Anxiety Inventory), 백 우울 척도(Beck Depression Inventory-II)가 사용되였다. 162명의 자료를 기초로 SPSS 25.0과 SPSS Macro를 사용하여 상관분석과 Bootstrapping 분석이 실시되었다. 결 과 연구 결과, 수면의 질과 우울 증상의 관계에서 모호함에 대한 해석 편향과 불안 증상의 이중 매개효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 결 론 본 연구는 낮은 수면의 질이 모호함에 대한 해석 편향을 거쳐 불안 및 우울 증상에 순차적으로 영향을 미친다는 점을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 선행 증상에 대한 치료적 개입을 우선적으로 실시함으로써 다른 정신과적 증상 발달을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to find associations between specific symptoms and suicidal behavior by using global severity on depression scales. Methods : Data were obtained from 1,183 patients of CRESCEND study. Factor analysis of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to compare symptom clusters between the past suicide attempters and the non-suicide attempters, among the patients with depressive disorders. Results : Factor analyses of HAM-D and BDI-II extracted three factors. Suicide attempters had significantly higher scores on core factor of HAM-D, including depressed mood, feeling of guilt, suicide, work, and activities. The higher scores on all factors of BDI-II or scores correlated with a total of 7 suicide attempts and with known risk factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the suicide attempters complained of more cognitive, affective, somatic symptoms on BDI-II, but the core factor on HAM-D was the only differentiated factor between the two groups. Clinician-rated scales as well as self-reported questionnaires were valid in measuring suicidal attempts, and the clinical profile may help in guiding the studies of biological correlates and the treatments to reduce suicide risk.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2023

Objectives: To examine effect of Korean medical treatment on patients with insomnia and correlations among changes in psychological scales before and after treatment. Methods: Medical records of 38 patients diagnosed with insomnia based on DSM-V who received Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 8 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Psychological scales including Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) were measured every four weeks and analyzed. Results: After eight weeks of treatment, ISI, BDI-II, BAI, STAI-X-1/2, and STAXI-S/T showed statistically significant decreases. Psychological scale pairs that showed a statistically significant correlation were ISI and BDI-IIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍTA, BDI-II and BAIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍAX-I, BAI and STAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍSAㆍTA, STAI-X-1 and STAI-X-2, SA and TA, and TA and AX-I. In women, the improvement of AX-C was high. The improvement in AX-I score was significant when the disease duration was more than one year. A lower pretreatment BAI value predicted a greater decrease in ISI score after treatment. Conclusions: Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy was effective in improving insomnia symptoms and accompanying symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and anger. In the future, more in-depth follow-up research is needed on the mechanisms by which various psychological problems (depression, anxiety, anger, etc) cause and worsen insomnia and the psychological symptoms secondary to insomnia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 심장내과 중환자실 환자들에게 아로마 흡입요법을 적용하여 환자들의 스트레스, 불안 및 우울에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위함이다. 비동등성 대조군 전후시차 설계를 이용한 유사 실험 연구로 연구 대상자는 심장내과 중환자실에 입원한 환자로 실험군 30명, 대조군 33명이었다. 연구도구로는 시각적 상사척도(VAS), Spielberger(1972)가 개발한 도구, Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II)를 사용하였다. 자료 수집 기간은 2015년 2월 25일부터 5월 8일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 실수, 백분율, $x^2$-test와 t-test, paired t-test로 분석하였다. 연구결과 아로마 흡입요법이 심장내과 중환자실 환자에게 스트레스, 불안 및 우울을 감소시키는 효과가 실험군, 대조군의 두 집단 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 심장내과 중환자실 환자들의 스트레스 및 불안, 우울 감소와 관련하여 아로마 흡입요법을 다양하게 시도하는 후속연구가 필요하다.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated sleep quality in female full-time homemakers and evaluated the relationship of sleep disturbance with psychological and socio-environmental factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted a structured survey and sequential recruitment method for randomized participation of community-dwelling full-time female homemakers. Sleep quality and mental health were measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI), Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) method was selected to measure the self-evaluated monetary value of household service work. The relationship among the main relevant factors was statistically analyzed through a mediation model. Results: A total of 166 participants were analyzed and classified having poor versus good sleep quality (poor : 24.1%, n = 40 ; good : 75.9%, n = 126 ; cut-off point = 9 on the K-PSQI). Significant between-group differences were observed in mental health status (K-BDI-II, p < 0.001 ; K-BAI, p < 0.001 ; K-BHS, p = 0.003). The moderated mediation model was verified, indicating that depression may mediate the association between nurturing burden and sleep disturbance. The path from nurturing burden to depression may be moderated by average monthly household income. Conclusion: A relatively high portion of full-time female homemakers may suffer from sleep disturbance and interactions between psychological and socio-environmental factors might determine sleep quality, suggesting the need for public health policies targeting improvement of sleep quality and mental health among full-time homemakers.