• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1387-1401
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• 2018

An aircraft impact (AI) on a nuclear power plant (NPP) is considered to be a beyond-design-basis event that draws considerable attention in the nuclear field. As some NPPs have already adopted the seismic isolation technology, and there are relevant standards to guide the application of this technology in future NPPs, a new challenge is that nuclear power engineers have to determine a reasonable method for performing AI analysis of base-isolated NPPs. Hence, dynamic influences of the seismic isolation on the vibration and structural damage characteristics of the base-isolated CPR1000 containment are studied under various aircraft loads. Unlike the seismic case, the impact energy of AI is directly impacting on the superstructure. Under the coupled influence of the seismic isolation and the various AI load, the flexible isolation layer weakens the constraint function of the foundation on the superstructure, the results show that the seismic isolation bearings will produce a large horizontal deformation if the AI load is large enough, the acceleration response at the base-mat will also be significantly affected by the different horizontal stiffness of the isolation bearing. These concerns require consideration during the design of the seismic isolation system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권6호
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• pp.819-830
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• 2021

To evaluate the performance of concrete load bearing walls in a structure under horizontal loads after being exposed to real fire, two steps were followed. In the first step, an experimental study was performed on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete after heating to temperatures of 200-1000℃ with the purpose of determining the residual mechanical properties after cooling. The temperature was increased in line with natural fire curve in an electric furnace. The peak temperature was maintained for a period of 1.5 hour and then allowed to cool gradually in air at room temperature. All specimens were made from calcareous aggregate to be used for determining the residual properties: compressive strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus by means of UPV test, including the mass loss. The concrete residual compressive strength and elastic modulus values were compared with those calculated from Eurocode and other analytical models from other studies, and were found to be satisfactory. In the second step, experimental analysis results were then implemented into structural numerical analysis to predict the post-fire load-bearing capacity response of the walls under vertical and horizontal loads. The parameters considered in this analysis were the effective height, the thickness of the wall, various support conditions and the residual strength of concrete. The results indicate that fire damage does not significantly affect the lateral capacity and stiffness of reinforced walls for temperature fires up to 400℃.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2021

Concrete cracking due to brittle tension strength significantly prevents fully utilization of the materials for "flexural-shear failure" type shear walls. Theoretical and experimental studies applying fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) have achieved fruitful results in improving the seismic performance of "flexural-shear failure" reinforced concrete shear walls. To come to an understanding of an optimal design strategy and find common performance prediction method for design methodology in terms to FRC shear walls, seismic performance on shear walls with PVA and steel FRC at edge columns and plastic region are compared in this study. The seismic behavior including damage mode, lateral bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity are analyzed on different fiber reinforcing strategies. The experimental comparison realized that the lateral strength and deformation capacity are significantly improved for the shear walls with PVA and steel FRC in the plastic region and PVA FRC in the edge columns; PVA FRC improves both in tensile crack prevention and shear tolerance while steel FRC shows enhancement mainly in shear resistance. Moreover, the tensile strength of the FRC are suggested to be considered, and the steel bars in the tension edge reaches the ultimate strength for the confinement of the FRC in the yield and maximum lateral bearing capacity prediction comparing with the model specified in provisions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.503-515
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• 2022

Global or partial damage to a structure due to the failure of gravity or lateral load-bearing elements is called progressive collapse. In the present study, the alternate load path (ALP) method introduced by GSA and UFC 4-023-03 guidelines is used to evaluate the progressive collapse in special steel moment-resisting frame (SMRF) buildings. It was assumed that the progressive collapse is due to the earthquake force and its effects after the removal of the elements still remain on the structures. Therefore, nonlinear dynamic time history analysis employing 7 earthquake records is used to investigate this phenomenon. Internal and external column removal scenarios are investigated and the stiffness of the connections is changed from semi-rigid to rigid. The results of the analysis performed in the OpenSees program show that the loss of the bearing capacity of an exterior column due to a seismic event and the occurrence of progressive collapse can increase the inter-story drift of the structure with semi-rigid connections by more than 50% and make the structure unable to satisfy the life safety performance level. Furthermore, connection stiffness severely affects the redistribution of forces and moments in the adjacent elements of the removed column.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

In this study, considering the expansion/contraction behavior of the upper structure at all times and the abnormal behavior of the receiving friction elements that allow horizontal movement during earthquakes, a port receiving test body simulating the protrusion of the friction elements was created and the modulus performance was evaluated. In order to confirm the influence of the friction element's projection, the friction element's degree of separation was divided into four stages, and the shear behavior of the test specimen and the friction coefficient were confirmed. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the friction load increases as the protrusion degree of the friction element increases. On the other hand, as the degree of protrusion of the coefficient of friction increases, the coefficient of friction also increases. It was confirmed that damage to the friction elements during use increases the coefficient of friction, hinders smooth expansion and contraction of the upper structure, and causes stress concentration at the fixed-end support.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

국내 고속도로 교량 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 PSC-I 거더교의 최근 10년간 정밀 안전진단 데이터의 상태등급을 분석한 결과 41.3%가 C등급으로 나타났다. 노후화되는 교량이 증가함에 따라 선제적 관리가 중요시되고 있다. 바닥판과 거더는 손상 및 열화 발생 시 교체 주기가 길어 교량의 서비스 및 노후도에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다. 또한 신축이음과 교량받침 등의 장치 손상 발생 비율도 높아 교량 부재에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단경간 및 다경간 대표 PSC-I 거더 교량을 선정하여, 교량의 주요부재 및 부재 장치의 단일손상과 바닥판의 열화가 결합된 이종손상 시나리오를 정의하였다. 이종손상이 발생한 경우 단일손상이 발생한 경우보다 균열 발생 면적이 증가하였으며, 단경간 교량의 경우 교량받침 손상으로 인해 거더 균열 분포가 크게 확산되었으며, 다경간 교량의 경우 신축이음 양면손상으로 인해 바닥판의 균열분포가 크게 확산되었다. 이를 통해 교량 장치 손상이 발생하였을 때, 신속한 보수 및 교체가 이루어지지 않으면 손상 발생과 손상 확산으로 2차 피해를 유발할 수 있어, 바닥판 및 거더의 응답에 대한 지속적인 관찰과 대응이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2014

본 연구는 점토지반에서 터널의 굴착조건(터널깊이 및 터널직경)과 시공조건(지반손실량), 지반조건(연약점토, 단단한 점토)을 변화시키면서 터널상부에 위치한 구조물의 거동변화를 조사 및 분석한 것이다. 분석에 사용된 구조물은 4층 블록식구조물로서 변형 등에 의한 균열발생과 균열폭의 차이로 인해 구조물의 손상정도를 쉽게 파악할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 다양한 터널 굴착조건 및 시공조건, 지반조건에 대해서 발생할 수 있는 터널상부 블록구조물의 거동상태를 파악하기 위해 수치해석적 매개변수 해석을 수행하였으며, 수치해석은 구조물의 실제크랙 발생을 묘사할 수 있도록 개별요소법(DEM)에 근거하여 수행하였다. 다양한 매개변수 해석으로부터 얻어진 구조물의 거동상태에 대한 결과는 터널 굴착조건 및 시공조건, 점토 지반조건과 상호 연관하여 함께 반영될 수 있도록 도표화 하였으며, 이를 이용하여 향후 점토지반에서 다양한 터널굴착 및 시공조건, 지반조건으로 인해 유발되는 터널 상부구조물의 손상정도를 보다 용이하게 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.961-971
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• 2008

In the design of a rotor shaft, care should be taken to minimize vibration by taking into account the sources of vibration. In addition, the intensity critical speed, stability, and other related aspects of the system must be considered. especially when it is operated at a critical speed, it is important to address issues related to vibration, as an increase in the whirling response of the rotor shaft can cause damage to the shaft, destruction of the rotor parts, and detrimental abrasions on the bearings. In this thesis, the vibration characteristics of a rotor shaft are investigated through the use of the finite element method. Variations of the diameters and lengths were used to determine the effect of a rotor shaft using Beam No.188(3D linear strain beam) in ANSYS version 11.0 as a universal interpretation program for finite elements. Special care was taken to prevent excessive vibration, which can result from resonance at the initial stage, in the formulation of a dynamic design for a rotor shaft through calculations while changing the diameters and the lengths of the shaft. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of the critical speed, total mass, D/L(diameter to length) ratio, and natural frequency were verified. Furthermore, the rotor shaft applied by bearing element was calculated and compared by using Combi No. 214(2-D spring-damper bearing).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.227-248
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• 2015

A CFPBS (Cone-type Friction Pendulum Bearing System) was developed to control the acceleration delivered to a structure to prevent the damage and degradation of critical communication equipment during earthquakes. This study evaluated the isolation performance of the CFPBS by numerical analysis. The CFPBS was manufactured in the shape of a cone differenced with the existing FPS (Friction Pendulum System), and a pattern was engraved on the friction surface. The natural frequencies of the CFPBS were evaluated from a free-vibration test with a seismic isolator system consisting of 4 CFPBS. To confirm the earthquake-resistant performance, a numerical analysis program was prepared using the equation of the CFPBS induced from the equations of motion. The equation reported by Tsai for the rolling-type seismic isolation bearings was proposed to design the equation of the CFPBS. Artificial seismic waves that satisfy the maximum earthquake scale of the Korean Building Code-Structural (KBC-2005) were created and verified to review the earthquake-resistant performance of the CFPBS by numerical analysis. The superstructural mass of the CFPBS and the skew angle of friction surface were considered for numerical analysis with El Centro NS, Kobe NS and artificial seismic waves. The CFPBS isolation performance evaluation was based on the numerical analysis results, and comparative analysis was performed between the results from numerical analysis and simplified theoretical equation under the same conditions. The validity of numerical analysis was verified from the shaking table test.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2016

A 2-year-old, 1.94 kg spayed female Toy Poodle was referred for revision surgery for patellar reluxation following surgery for bilateral medial patellar luxation (MPL). Intermittent non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb and weight-bearing lameness of the left hindlimb were evident on general inspection. A physical examination revealed that there was a bilateral grade 4 MPL. On radiographs, the medial and lateral trochlear ridge was bilaterally worn out. Patellar groove replacement (PGR) was performed in two stages to replace the bilateral femoral trochlea that had a severely worn out groove. Corrective femoral osteotomy with increasing anteversion angle, tibial tuberosity transposition, medial releasing, lateral imbrications and PGR were performed on the right hindlimb. Six months after surgery on the right hindlimb, a PGR prosthesis was positioned medially on the frontal plane and tibial tuberosity transposition and lateral imbrications were performed on the left hindlimb. Two weeks after surgery, reluxation of the patella occurred on the left hindlimb. The tibial tuberosity transposition was performed to realign the patella more laterally than the previous surgery, and a patellar sling was applied. Two years after the last surgery, the patient showed no pain on the stifle joint and satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation. Reluxation did not recur. PGR maybe a successful treatment for dogs with iatrogenically damaged and/or worn out patellar grooves.