• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bean flour

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Contents of Phytic Acid of Various Cereal Crops Produced in Korea

  • Lee, Heok-Hwa;Choi, Yong-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.267-271
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    • 2011
  • The main objective of the study was to investigate the phytic acid contents of various cereals and legumes produced in Korea. The results showed that the phytic acid contents of buckwheat, foxtail millets, sorghum, millet, barley, jobs' tears, yellow corn and wheat flour (Urimil) were in a range of 0.13 to 2.27%. The contents of the phytic acid ranged from 1.03 to 1.16% for legumes including red Indian bean, black Indian bean, mung bean, and black soybean. The phytic acid content of brown rice was five times higher than those of 100% polished rice. The polishing process of the rice decreased significantly the content of the phytic acid. We estimate that the daily phytic acid intake from rice was changed from 653 mg/day in 1995 to 430 mg/day in 2005 based on the results of a national nutrition survey.

Development of Competitive Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Buckwheat in Processed Foods (가공식품 중 메밀 검출을 위한 경합 ELISA의 개발)

  • Back, Su-Yeon;Do, Jeong-Ryong;Shon, Dong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.269-275
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    • 2014
  • We developed a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) for determining the buckwheat content in processed foods by using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against buckwheat proteins (BWP). The detection limit of this assay was $0.05-100{\mu}g/mL$. The cross-reactivities of the anti-BWP antibodies toward BWP, buckwheat flour, whole buckwheat, and cereals (wheat flour, whole wheat, black bean, mung bean, red bean, brack rice, brown rice, glutinous rice, white rice, millet, African millet, nonglutinous millet, adlay, and rye) were 100, 17.9, 11.8, and 0%, respectively. Thus, the antibodies were found to be specific for buckwheat only. When buckwheat flour was heated for 30 min, the mean assay recoveries of BWP were 83.0% at $60-90^{\circ}C$ and 44.5% at $100^{\circ}C$. The spike test showed that the mean assay recoveries of buckwheat from raw noodle, boiled noodle, starch gel, and cereal flour were 99.1, 98.6, 81.1, and 104%, respectively. For the 22 commercial items tested, the qualitative coincidence ratio of assay result and the corresponding value indicated on the item's package label was 100%. However, the average quantitative coincidence ratios from 12 commercial items were 31.6%. Thus, the results suggest that ciELISA is an efficient tool to detect buckwheat in processed foods.

Protein quality, hematological properties and nutritional status of albino rats fed complementary foods with fermented popcorn, African locust bean, and bambara groundnut flour blends

  • Ijarotimi, Oluwole Steve;Keshinro, Oluremi Olufunke
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study was to determine protein quality and hematological properties of infant diets formulated from local food materials. The food materials were obtained locally, fermented, and milled into flour. The flours were mixed as 70% popcorn and 30% African locust bean (FPA), 70% popcorn and 30% bambara groundnut (FPB), and 70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, and 10% African locust bean (FPAB). Proximate analysis, protein quality, hematological properties, and anthropometric measurements of the animals fed with the formulations were investigated. The protein contents of the formulated diets were significantly higher than that of Cerelac (a commercial preparation) ($15.75{\pm}0.01g$/100 g) and ogi (traditional complementary food) ($6.52{\pm}0.31g$/100 g). The energy value of FPAB ($464.94{\pm}1.22\;kcal$) was higher than those of FPA ($441.41{\pm}3.05\;kcal$) and FPB ($441.48{\pm}3.05\;kcal$). The biological value (BV) of FPAB (60.20%) was the highest followed by FPB (44.24%) and FPA (41.15%); however, BV of the diets was higher than that of ogi (10.03%) but lower than that of Cerelac (70.43%). Net protein utilization (NPU) of the formulations was 41.16-60.20%, whereas true protein digestibility was 41.05-60.05%. Metabolizable energy (232.98 kcal) and digestible energy (83.69 kcal) of FPAB were the highest, whereas that of FPA had the lowest values. The protein digestibility values corrected for amino acid score of the diets (0.22-0.44) were lower than that of Cerelac (0.52), but higher than that of ogi (0.21). The growth patterns and hematological properties (packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume) of the formulated diets were higher than those of ogi, but lower than those of Cerelac. In conclusion, we established that the FPAB food sample was rated best in terms of protein quality over the other formulated diets. Therefore, a FPAB blend may be used as a substitute for ogi.

Quality Characteristics and Antioxidative Activities of Rice Cookies with Rehmannia glutinosa Preparata (숙지황을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 품질특성 및 항산화성)

  • Shin, Suk Kyung;Min, A Young;Kim, Hyun Jeong;Lee, Su Jin;Sim, Eun Kyoung;Lee, Kun Jong;Lee, Bo Dam;Kim, Mee Ree
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and anti-oxidative activities in the rice cookies with R. glutinosa Preparata (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%) and bean flour (10%). The moisture of cookies was increased depending on amount of R. glutinosa Preparata (RRP). The pH of cookies with RRP was lower than that of the control cookies. Sugar content and reducing sugar of cookies were increased according to the amount of RRP. L-value and b-value of cookies with 12% RRP were lower than the control, whereas a-value was higher than the control. Spread factor of cookies with RRP was lower than the control, and hardness of cookies was increased depending on amount of RRP added. The antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was significantly increased in the cookies with RRP, compared with that of the control. Also, total phenol content of cookies was increased according to the amount of RRP. In sensory test, cookies with 8% RRP received the highest score for overall preference. As a result, the optimum amount of RRP concentrate to be added in the cookies was found to be 8%.

Quality Characteristic and Optimization of Iced Cookie with Addition of Jinuni bean(Rhynchosia volubilis) (쥐눈이콩(鼠目太) 첨가 냉동쿠키의 품질특성 및 최적화)

  • Ko, Young-Joo;Joo, Na-Mi
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.21 no.4 s.88
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    • pp.514-527
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    • 2005
  • The purposes of this study were firstly to optimize the recipe for iced cookies by cooking with five different ingredient levels of $Jinuni\;bean(X_1),\;butter(X_2)\;&\;sugar(X_3)$ and secondly to analyze the chemical and sensory test results by using RSM(Response Surface Methodology). As a result of this test, water activity decreased with increasing contents of butter or sugar, while hydrophilic browning decreased independently with increasing sugar content. There was a positive correlation(p<.001) between specific gravity and hardness, although the result was not uniform due to the interaction of each factor. There was a negative correlation(p<.001) between the spread ratio and gravity or hardness, and it tended to increase with increasing each content. Color value L and color value a had positive correlation (p<.001) and the value tended to decrease with increasing the quantity of Jinuni bean. Generally, the strength of the cookies showed a saddle point at the peak of the 3d graph. As a result of sensory evaluation, the color was sensitive to the contents of sugar and Jinuni bean, the texture was sensitive to the contents of butter and sugar, and the taste and overall quality were sensitive to all three factors. Color had a positive correlation(p<.05) with the taste, texture and overall quality. There were high positive correlations(p<.001) between the taste, texture and overall quality. The preference data showed an up-swollen, parabolic shape in the center of the 34 graph, which enabled the optimum value to be determined and the optimum mixture ratio which fulfilled all sensory items was Jinuni bean 93g, butter 188.5g and sugar 155g, indicating a substitution of flour by $44\%$.

Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Extruded Rice Flour with Various Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Content (카카오 빈 함량에 따른 쌀 압출성형물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Park, Ju-Yeon;Kim, Young-Ho;Ryu, Gi-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.11
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    • pp.1327-1335
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    • 2017
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of cacao bean addition on the physicochemical properties of extruded rice flour. Rice-based cacao beans (0, 20, 40, 60%) were extruded at a die temperature of $130^{\circ}C$, screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 25%. As the content of cacao beans increased from 20% to 60%, expansion index decreased, while piece density and specific length increased. The water soluble index and water absorption index of the extrudate increased through extrusion cooking. Lightness decreased as cacao bean content increased while redness increased. As the content of cacao beans increased, paste viscosity decreased. Cold peak viscosity was observed in all extrudates of raw roasted cacao beans. ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-Diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity increased upon extrusion and cacao bean addition. As content of cacao beans increased, non-roasted cacao beans had higher total phenolic contents than roasted cacao beans. This study showed that addition of cacao beans to extruded rice snack improved antioxidant activity.

Combined Effects of Vital Gluten, Gum, Emulsifier, and Enzyme on the Properties of Rice Bread (활성글루텐, 검, 유화제 및 효소제의 복합첨가에 따른 쌀빵의 품질특성)

  • Kim, Kyung-Eun;Lee, Young-Tack
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.320-325
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    • 2009
  • The effects of adding additives such as vital gluten, gum, emulsifier, and enzyme to rice flour on baking quality were examined. The effects of different gums on the pasting and dough properties of rice flour containing vital gluten were studied using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and a Brabender farinograph. The RVA peak, breakdown, and final viscosities decreased with the addition of gums, while setback viscosity increased. The farinogram showed that rice flour supplemented with gums such as tara gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum (LBG) increased water absorption and dough stability, yielding strengthened dough similar to wheat flour dough. The addition of guar or tara gum/sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL)/fungal $\alpha$-amylase (AMYL) or glucose oxidase (GO) blend improved the volume and reduced the crumb firmness of rice bread prepared from rice flour containing 14% vital gluten. Therefore, the combined addition of gum, emulsifier and enzyme into rice flour significantly improved the rice bread quality, allowing the decrease of the vital gluten level in rice bread formula.

Nutritive Components of Rice Powder and Development of Rice Bread Recipes using Rice Flour (쌀가루의 영양성분과 쌀가루를 활용한 다양한 쌀빵 레시피 개발)

  • Lee, Youn Ri;Jung, Da Woon;Jo, Eun hye;Back, Seon Woo;Kim, Su Yeong;Park, Young Seo
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.441-448
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the proximate components (water, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrates) and nutritive components (vitamin A, C, E, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids) of rice flour and develop several rice bread recipes using rice flour. The water, crude ash, crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate contents of rice flour were measured to be 8.53%, 0.10 g, 6.80 g, 0.14 g and 84.43 g, respectively. No vitamin A was detected in the rice flour, and vitamin C and E contents were found to be 8.30 and 0.3467 mg/100 g, respectively. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, and sodium contents were measured as 6.23, 65.05, 9.78, 0.17 and 2.84 mg/100 g; the large amount of potassium helps to discharge the sodium. Rice flour has nine kinds of essential amino acids in it; essential amino acids form 45.15% of rice flour's content. which is higher than 32.3%. Fatty acids were barely detected in the rice powder; saturated fatty acids were measured as 31.25 mg/100 g, and unsaturated fatty acids as 25.54 mg/100 g. Regarding essential fatty acids, linoleic acids were measured as 41.01 mg/100 g, and linolenic acids as 2.20 mg/100 g. The researcher used rice loaf bread as the base and developed rice bread recipes using rice flour to make a total of 11 items: 8 items with 75% rice flour (rice bagel, rice sweet red-bean bread, rice butter roll bread, rice mocha bread, rice buttertop bread, rice custard cream bread, and rice streusel), 2 items with 80% rice flour (stollen and rice hobbang), and 1 item with 85% rice flour (rice donut).

Application of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis to Commercial Soybean Curd (시판 두부의 품질 평가시 정량적 묘사 분석의 적용)

  • Suh, Dong-Soon;Kim, Shin-Hae;Hong, Jae-Hee;Kim, Kwang-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to develop character notes and to define the terminology for the evaluation of soybean curd using quantitative descriptive analysis. Panelists were selected according to their performance with ranking on basic tastes, flavor and texture properties related to soybean curd. After being trained, they identified the following attributes and defined the terminology: appearance(smoothness of the surface, amount of cracks, yellowness, grayness), flavor(sweet, salt and bitter tastes, cooked bean, raw bean, wet wheat flour, roasted bean, astringency), and textural properties(hardness, elasticity, inner moistness, coarseness, adhesiveness, and residuals). Reference samples for flavor attributes were also determined. Four types of commercial soybean curd were evaluated with the technique developed. Among soybean curd samples, there were significant differences in the intensity of all sensory attributes, confirming appropriateness of the evaluation methodology.

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Rheological Differences of Waxy Barley Flour Dispersions Mixed with Various Gums

  • Kim, Chong-Yeon;Yoo, Byoungseung
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2017
  • Rheological properties of waxy barley flour (WBF) dispersions mixed with various gums (carboxyl methyl celluleose, guar gum, gum arabic, konjac gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, and xanthan gum) at different gum concentrations were examined in steady and dynamic shear. WBF-gum mixture samples showed a clear trend of shear-thinning behavior and had a non-Newtonian nature with yield stress. Rheological tests indicated that the flow and dynamic rheological parameter (apparent viscosity, consistency index, yield stress, storage modulus, and loss modulus) values of WBF dispersions mixed with gums, except for gum arabic, were significantly higher than those of WBF with no gum, and also increased with an increase in gum concentration. In particular, konjac gum at 0.6% among other gums showed the highest rheological parameter values. Tan ${\delta}$ values of WBF-xanthan gum mixtures were lower than those of other gums, showing that there is a more pronounced synergistic effect on the elastic properties of WBF in the presence of xanthan gum. Such synergistic effect was hypothesized by considering thermodynamic compatibility between xanthan gum and WBF. These rheological results suggest that in the WBF-gum mixture systems, the addition of gums modified the flow and viscoelastic properties of WBF, and that these modifications were dependent on the type of gum and gum concentration.