• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.248-250
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• 2006

The study on a surface transformation hardening of a rod-shaped SM45C carbon steel is carried out by using CW Nd:YAG laser. Conventionally, $CO_2$ laser has been usually used as a laser source for a transformation hardening. however, it is needed to an additional absorbent coating like a colloidal graphite owing to a lower absorbtion rate. On the other hand, no cost and post-removal process of coating is required to Nd:YAG laser, due to a higher absorbtion rate relatively. Moreover, there is a merit which is capable of building up the more flexible processing system resulted from a beam delivery through a optical fiber. In this study, we were going to recognize characteristics of a transformation hardening using a optic head with a gaussian beam distribution.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.138-145
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• 2008

In this paper, the waveguide slot array antenna which is capable of wide beam steering and dual polarization is designed for an X band synthetic aperture radar. In order to improve the restriction of beam steering range and to remove the butterfly lobes, a typical waveguide slot array antenna has been modified. To implement dual polarization, rod excited waveguide slot elements and ridge waveguide slot elements are alternately arranged. Location of slots, inclination of rod and offset distance of slots are determined on using array characteristic and conductance constant with radiating power on slots. The designed antenna is manufactured and measured with Near-filed measurement method.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

The conventional study on the laser surface transformation hardening has been carried out with a beam of the specified shape and uniform power-intensity distribution in order to ensure the uniformity of the hardening depth. Two types of beams - the circular gaussian beam and rectangular beam of the uniform power-intensity distribution were used in this study. we were supposed to optimize the process parameters and to compare the hardening results with two optics respectively. As a result, the hardness distribution of the hardened zone was similar in both cases and the hardened phase by the rectangular beam was denser than that by the circular gaussian beam.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the reinforced concrete beam using hybrid retrofitting with two materials (groove and embedding FRP rod, CFRP sheet) in existing reinforced concrete buildings. Seven reinforced concrete beams, retrofitted groove and embedding FRP rod (NER series) and groove and embedding FRP rod with CFRP sheet (NERL series), and standard specimen (NBS) were constructed and tested under monotonic loading. Design parameters of test specimens are the amount of groove and embedding FRP rod and lapping CFRP sheet. Test results showed that the maximum load carrying capacity of specimens with groove and embedding FRP rod and groove and embedding FRP rod with CFRP sheet (NERL series) were increased the by 12~46% and 22~77% respectively in comparison with the standard specimen NBS. Test specimens NER series were failed with the adhesion slip and concrete cover separation. And test specimens NERL series were failed with the adhesion slip due to the confining effect of lapping CFRP sheet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.16-21
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2011

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate and improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joint regions using strengthening materials (steel plate, carbon fiber sheet, and embedded carbon fiber rod) in existing reinforced concrete buildings. Six specimens of retrofitted beam-column joints are constructed using various retrofitting materials and tested for their retrofit performances. Specimens designed by retrofitting the beam-column joint regions (LBCJ series) of existing reinforced concrete building showed a stable mode of failure and an increase in load-carrying capacity due to the effect of crack control at the time of initial loading and confinement from retrofitting materials during testing. Specimens of LBCJ series, designed by the retrofitting of FRP in reinforecd beam-column joint regions increased its maximum load carrying capacity by 26~50% and its energy dissipation capacity by 13.0~14.4% when compared to standard specimen of LBCJC with a displacement ductility of 4.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.819-825
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• 2007

Vibration characteristics of an duel-cooling cylindrical fuel rod, which was proposed as a candidate design of fuel's cross section for the ultra-high burnup nuclear fuel, according to the cross-sectional dimensions and the number of supports or the span length were analytically studied. Finite element(FE) modeling for the annular cross sectional fuel was based on the methodology, that have been proven by the test verification, for the conventional PWR nuclear fuel rod. A commercial FEA code, ABAQUS, was used for the FE modeling and analysis. A planar beam element (B21) that uses a linear interpolation was used for the fuel rod and a linear spring element for the spring and dimple of the SG. Natural frequencies and mode shape were calculated according to the preliminary design candidates for the fuel's cross sectional dimension and the number of span. From the analysis results, the design scheme of the annular fuel compatible to the present PWR nuclear reactor core was discussed in terms of the number of supports and fuel's cross section.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Laser Transformation Hardening(LTH) is one branch of the laser surface modification processes. A lot of energy is needed for the LTH process to elevate workpiece surface to temperature of the austenite transformation($A_3$), which results from utilizing a beam with a larger size and lower power density comparatively. This study is related to the surface hardening for the rod-shaped carbon steel by the high power diode laser whose beam absorptivity is better than conventional types of lasers such as $CO_2$ or Nd:YAG laser. Because a beam proceeds on the rotating specimen, the pretreated hardened-phase can be tempered and softened by the overlapping between hardened tracks. Accordingly, the longitudinal hardness measurement and observation of the micro structure was carried out for an assessment of the hardening characteristics. In addition, a hardening characteristics as a hardenability of materials was compared in the point of view of the hardness distribution and hardening depth and width.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

This paper described the shear strengthening effect by deviator location in pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with externally post-tensioning steel rods. Three reinforced concrete beams as control beam and eight post-tensioned beams using external steel rods were tested to fail in shear. The externally post-tensioning material was a steel rod of 22 mm diameter, and it had a 655 MPa yield strength and an 805 MPa tensile strength. Specimens depend on multiple variables, such as the number of deviators, location of deviator, and load pattern. The pre-damaged loads up to about 2/3 of ultimate shear capacities were applied to specimens using displacement control and the diagonal shear crack just occurred at these loading levels. And then, the post-tensioning up to when a strain of steel rod reaches about $2000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ was continuously applied to beam. A displacement control was changed to a load control during post-tensioning. The post-tensioning resulted in increase of load-carrying capacity and restoration of existing deflection. Also, it prevented the existing diagonal cracks from excessively growing. Two deviators effectively improved the load capacity when compared with in case of test which one deviator at mid-span installed. When deviators were located near region which the diagonal crack occurred on, the strengthening impact by post-tensioning was greater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.905-910
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• 2003

One of the methods that are used to compare and verify the supporting performance of the spacer grids developed is the vibration characteristic test. A modal test in this paper is performed for a dummy rod 3,847mm tall supported by eight New Doublet (ND) spacer grids. For the vibration test in air, nine accelerometers, one displacement sensor and one shaker are used for acquiring signals, and an I-DEAS TDAS software is employed for analyzing the signals. Also, a finite element (FE) analysis is performed by a beam-spring simple model and a contact model simulating the contact phenomenon between the rod and the fm spring. And then, the result of the FE analysis is compared with that of the modal test. The natural frequencies as well as the mode shapes calculated by the proposed contact models have a greater similarity to the test results than those by the previous beam-spring model. In addition, for grasping whether or not the modal parameters are influenced by where shaking spot is, two kinds of tests are performed; one is for the shaker attached at the fourth span (center), the other is for the shaker at the fifth span that is one span nearer to the bottom of the rod. The latter shows higher MAC than the former. Finally, the vibration displacements are measured in the range of 0.112-0.214mm for the excitation force of 0.25-0.75 N.