• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.450-454
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• 2023

플럭스 코어 아크 용접(flux cored arc welding, FCAW)에서 플럭스(flux)로 사용되는 합금 분말 내의 염소이온은 용접 금속의 비드 표면에 기공을 유발하여 불량을 유발하거나, 합금 분말에 잔류한 염소가 금속의 부식을 유발할 수 있다. 합금 분말의 염소이온 정량은 주로 연소-이온크로마토그래피법이 사용되나, 장비가 고가이며 고도의 전문성이 요구되는 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 합금 분말의 염소이온 정량으로 주로 쓰이는 방법인 연소-이온크로마토그래피 법과 X-선 형광분석법, 그리고 전위차 적정법을 비교하여 현장에서 적용하기 쉽고 정확한 정량법을 찾고자 한다. 염소이온 정량의 대상으로는 플럭스로 가장 흔히 사용되는 마그네슘-알루미늄 합금 분말을 대상으로 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해, 전위차 적정법을 현장에서 합금 분말의 염소이온 정량에 적용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2015

In this study, effect of laser power on hardness and microstructure of SKD61 Hot Die steel of which surface was melted and hardened with Yb:YAG disk laser was investigated. Beam speed was fixed at 70 mm/sec and distance between them was 0.8 mm about Laser surface melting. The only thing that was changed laser power. Laser powers were 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 kW. No defect was found under all conditions. As the laser power increased, the penetration depth were deepened and the bead width was also widened. There was no hardness deviation of fusion zone at same laser power and it was higher than that of heat affected zone. In addition, the more laser power increased, the more hardness in fusion zone decreased. Fusion zone was macroscopically dendrite structure. However, core matric in dendrite was lath martensite of 100 nm size. There were $M_{23}C_6$ of 500 nm and the VC and $Mo_2C$ of a nano meters on boundary of dendrite.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

Ferritic stainless steels have a good heat resistance and economic advantage. They are used for applications such as automotive exhaust systems where resistance to general corrosion is superior to carbon steels. However, there are not enough research for ferritic stainless steels on weldability mainly used as automotive exhaust manifolds. In this study, mechanical and microstructure properties of as-welded STS 429L and STS 444 ferrite stainless steels were confirmed by tensile, bending, hardness test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength of the STS 444 is higher than the STS 429L when it is a raw material. In contrast to this fact, STS 429L indicated higher tensile strength after butt welded. In addition, the hardness have a increasing tendency as getting down on the bead.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

An inert gas atomized NiTiZrSiSn bulk metallic glass feedstock was sprayed onto the copper plate using vacuum plasma spraying process. In order to change the in-flight particle energy, that is, thermal energy, the hydrogen gas flow rate in plasma gas mixture was increased at the constant flow rate of argon gas. Coating and single pass spraying bead were produced with the least feeding rate. Regardless of the plasma gas composition, fully melted through unmelted particle could be observed on the overlay coating. However, the frequency of the unmelted particle number density was increased with the decrease of the hydrogen gas flow rate. The amorphous phase fraction within coating was also affected by the number density of the unmelted particle.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2012

오늘날 지구온난화, 환경오염 및 주요 에너지원인 화석연료의 고갈에 대한 우려가 높아지면서, 전세계적으로 신재생에너지 및 청정에너지에 대한 관심이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 따라서 화석연료의 대체 및 SOX, NOX와 같은 오염물질을 적게 배출하는 청정에너지로써 LNG가 폭넓게 사용되고 있다. 그로인해 LNG의 소비는 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 그것을 운반하기 위한 LNG선의 수요 또한 수십 년 동안 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 LNG선의 생산성을 향상시키기 위해 LNG선용 스테인리스강에 대한 용접에 고출력 파이버 레이저를 이용하였다. 사용된 재료는 탄소 함유량이 0.03% 이하의 STS316L이며 두께는 8mm이다. 최대출력 5kW의 파이버 레이저를 열원으로 사용하여 비초점거리, 겹치기 용접 그리고 맞대기 용접에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, 겹치기 용접의 경우 2.0m/min, 맞대기 용접의 경우 3.0m/min의 용접속도까지 접합이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2005

The fatigue life of welded joints is associated with crack initiation and propagation life. Theses cannot be easily separated, since the definition of crack initiation is vague due to the initiation of multiple cracks that are distributed randomly along the weld toes. In this paper a method involving a notch strain and fracture mechanical approach, which considers the characteristics of welded joints, e.g. welding residual stress and statistical characteristics of multiple cracks, is proposed, in an attempt to reasonably estimate these fatigue lives. The fatigue crack initiation life was evaluated statistically, e.g. the probability of failure occurrence in 2.3, 50 and $97.7\%$, in which the cyclic response of the local stress/strain hi the vicinity of the weld toes and notch factors derived by the irregular shape of the weld bead are taken into account. The fatigue crack propagation life was simulated by using Monte-Carlo method in consideration of the Ad-factor and the mechanical behavior of mutual interaction/coalescence between two adjacent cracks. The estimated total fatigue life, $(N_T)_{P50\%}$, as a sum of crack initiation and propagation life under the probability of failure occurrence in $50\%$ showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The developed technique for fatigue lift estimation enables to provide a quantitative proportion of crack initiation and propagation life in the total fatigue life due to the nominal stress range, ${\Delta}S$.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.21-21
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• 2009

현장의 GMA 용접기는 일반적으로 용접기 본체로부터 와이어 송급장치까지의 거리가 약 50m 정도 떨어져 있고 송급장치로부터 토치까지의 거리는 약 3~5m 정도이다. 특히 국산 GMA 용접기의 와이어 송급장치는 DC 모터의 일종인 프린트모터를 사용하고 있으며 제어기는 오픈루프 제어를 하고 있다. 따라서 와이어 송급속도의 변동을 보상할 수 있는 어떤 수단도 장착되어 있지 않다. 또한 송급장치와 토치간 와이어를 안내하는 케이블 도관의 마찰 때문에 토치 끝단에서의 와이어 송급속도가 불규칙해질 수밖에 없다. 용접 시 와이어 송급속도의 순간적인 변동 때문에 용접부의 전류 파형이 매우 불규칙해지고 이 때문에 용융된 용적이 용융풀로 이행하지 못하고 스패터로 비산하는 현상을 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하고자 국산 SCR 용접기 및 인버터 용접기와 호환 가능한 디지털 제어형 와이어 송급장치와 Push-Pull 용접 토치를 개발하였다. 또한, 개발된 시스템을 이용하여 정 역 방향 제어기술을 적용하였고 아크 발생 시의 스패터 최소화 공정을 제안하였다. 실험은 SM490A 강재를 사용하여 BOP(Bead On Plate) 용접을 실행하였다. 용접 중 LabVIEW를 이용하여 아크 발생 초기 전류, 전압 그리고 와이어 송급속도를 측정하였고, 고속 카메라를 이용하여 용접현상을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 아크 발생 초기의 스패터를 최소화하는 공정을 도출할 수 있었다. 용접공정 변수인 아크 발생 초기의 와이어 송급속도, 와이어의 역송급 진행거리 그리고 역송급 판단 시점의 용접 전류 값은 실험을 통해 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 이 연구를 통해 개발된 시스템의 성능을 평가하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Galvanized Steel pipes have been widely used in industries and apartments, Unexpected early leakage has been found in an apartment. Tunneling corrosion or penetration was found in the water supply pipes. The chemical compositions of the pipes and properties of coating layer were evaluated. The pipes met the specification of KS D 3507. The cause of early failure was analyzed through the examination of macrostructures and microstructures, It was found that the pipes were failed by grooving corrosion, which resulted from galvanic corrosion of weld bead and matrix.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2008

For industrial centrifuges, the state of their welding areas, even with a naked-eye observation, offers potential safety problems such as inconsistent bead formation. STS304, which is used mainly in centrifuges, is made of metal alloys with chrome and nickel as the main ingredients, offering excellent corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, and high strength, and thus allowing it to be used for diverse purposes. This paper conducted tensile and fatigue tests of STS304 to improve the safety of centrifuges. In the findings, for the static behavior of the STS304 material, welded specimens increased their yield and tensile strength compared with the base test specimens, but decreased their elongation ratio. Also, the data dispersion phenomenon of welded specimens remarkably increased.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.42-45
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• 1997

Weldline movement of tailored blanks originates from two sources, primary and secondary. Primary movement occurs by geometrical reason, that is, just scratched lines on the no-weld blanks move during drawing to be fitted to geometrical change. Secondary movement is induced by the characteristics of tailored blanks itself. The primary movement was mainly dependent on the weldline location and not affected by the type of material. The secondary movement caused by laser welding and/or small strength difference in this study was not dominant compared with primary movement. The formability of tailored blanks always inferior to those of original blanks. This is due to the existence of hardened weld bead. The closer a weldline is to punch corner where drawing is most active, the worse its formability becomes. This is because the weldline prohibits the drawing process. It was confirmed by measuring diagonal length at the blank corner. The mode of fracture was changed form wall break to draw break when the weldling was close to the punch corner.