• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2004

형이공방(Keiji Kobo)은 독일 바우하우스의 교육활동이 그 정점에 있던 1928년에 결성되어 전쟁의 기운이 짙어져서 더 이상 활동을 할 수 없었던 제2차 대전 직전까지의 약 10년 간 미래를 내다보는 혜안으로 건축의 새로운 사조를 표방하는 근대디자인을 목표로 하여 여러 가지 활동을 한 희귀한 자생적 디자인 연구단체로써, 일본이 서구 디자인 사조를 흡수하여 현대 디자인의 장을 화려하게 펼치는 데 상당한 영향을 끼친 상징적 단체이다. 형이공방에서는 산업시대를 전제로 한 새 시대의 생활공예-합리적인 생활가구-를 추구함으로써 근대적 사고를 실천하기 위하여 활발한 활동을 전개하였다. 이 공방의 작업은 조사 시작(試作) 실험 연구 전시회 강습회 주문판매 광고 집필이라는 많은 영역에 걸쳐있다. 그 활동은 결코 상업적인 목적으로 변질되지 않은 진지한 것이었으며, 군국주의 일본이라는 당시의 특수한 시대적 배경에 비추어 보더라도 놀랍도록 기능주의 사고를 견지한 순수하고 투명한 이념을 가지고 있었다. 이 공방은 어슬프고 규모가 적은, 10년 남짓 활동했던 연구집단이었다. 그러나 조용했던 그 활동 속에는 불같은 의지가 숨어 있었으며, 오늘의 기준에서 보더라도 그 파급효과를 과소평가 할 수 없음을 알게 되었다. 일본의 오늘과 같은 발전의 이면에는 무수한 선각자의 기여가 있었을 터인즉, 형이공방의 그것도 디자인분야에 관한 한 빠트릴 수 없는 것 중 하나이다. 미루어 짐작컨대, 당시의 일본 지식인들은 그들의 헌신과 활동이 대중의 삶의 질을 근대화시키는 데 하나의 기여가 되기를 하나같이 열망하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 형이공방은 어떤 의미에서 일본에서의 꽃피다 만 작은 바우하우스라고 평가할 만하다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2008

After modernism, artistic movements such as Cubism, Futurism, De stijl and Bauhaus demonstrated a connection to architecture and other plastic arts and developed a tendency towards a synthetic art. Above all, the unification of painting and architecture is the most noticeable point; a blueprint and a multi-coloring space that are applied on 3-dimensions painting brought new dimensions into relief. Following this artistic trend, it is easy to point out that Le Corbusier's works; which were created under the name of Charles Edouard Jeanneret, show the pictorial peculiarity in the Space Design. Even if white space that he has designed under the slogan such as standardization and mechanization, the variety and metamorphism that he has tried to express on his work have widely been recognized. Especially, his late architectural works were produced as the figurative arts expressing the ambiguity of painting and hence led a step towards a synthetic art. The study analyses Le Corbusier's 2-dimensional Painting as well as his 3-dimensional Space Design. Furthermore, it aims at embarking on the unification of painting and architecture in terms of Le Corbusier's synthetic design philosophy.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2018

Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) are tools widely used in the context of the construction industry. While BIM is used to represent the physical and functional characteristics of a facility, DES models are used to represent its construction process. Integrating both is beneficial to those interested in the field of construction management since it has many potential applications. Game engines provide a human navigable 3D virtual environment in which the integrated BIM and DES models can be visualised and interacted with. This paper reports the experience obtained while developing a simulator prototype which integrates a BIM and a DES model of a single construction activity within a commercial game engine. The simulator prototype allows the user to visualise how the duration of the construction activity is affected by different input parameters interactively. It provides an environment to conduct DES studies using the user's own BIM models. This approach could increase the use of DES technologies in the context of construction management and engineering outside the research community. The presented work is the first step towards the development of a serious game for construction management education and was carried out to determine the suitable IT tools for its development.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2009

As essential element of designers, foundation studies program helps student deal with the individual expression of imagination and variety of correspondence for solving design problem through the understanding of 2-D, 3-D basic design elements, principals, structures. Liberal art and foundation studio courses provides embodiment and settlement of design principal through the foundation studies expand to experiences systematically and deeply. After the Industrialization, foundation studies have developed from Bauhaus in German, the courses have been progressing and systematizing with the demand of time in United States. Growth of Industrialization, expanded design areas departmentalized to various of fields, then the segmentation of foundation courses tend to important than basic design courses. The introduction of information era, the appearance of computer is placed as a tool of design development and added to applied basic courses. This study is intended to know how to change the leading foundation courses in United State due to the revitalization of industrialization and information through the research and analyse to foundation design education curriculums. As a result, most of design school in United States provide drawing, 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D courses included 3-D design element as a basic studies and provide to students introduction to fundamental principal of design concept and communication in both theoretical and applied form. Also though the history, literature, critic, research and survey courses provide students to organize fundamental of systematical logic and understanding design system.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.350-364
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• 2013

Based on the background of the times and theoretical background that influenced the formation of the works of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, one of representative architects of Art Nouveau, this study examined the formative characteristics of furniture design by period. In addition, his influences on the modern furniture design were also reviewed. In the latter half of the 19th century, due to Arts and Crafts Movement, the popularity of Art Nouveau was not high in England and due to conservative and traditional culture, Mackintosh had difficult time to display his ability in England. On the other hand, because Glasgow, one of industrial cities located in the center of Scotland where he had grown was an open and modern city, Mackintosh could win international fame in architecture and furniture design thanks to the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is found from the formative characteristics of his works that Historicism, Arts and Crafts Movement and Japanese culture and the influences of Continent became his theoretical background. His works creatively combined the noble design of Scotland and Art Nouveau to be considered a simple and pure style with a straight tendency and his working period can be divided into Beginning, Middle and Last Period according to the formative characteristics of furniture design. His constituting principle that decorated the structure influenced the Wien Secession's activities to form Wiener Werkstaette and this finally became the important background to develop to 'Modernism Design' through Art Deco and Bauhaus.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.116-136
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• 1992

Architectural essence of John Ruskin's discourse can resolve itself into natural beauty, craftmanship, and truth in structure, surface, and process. His theories became disciplines of modern English school, Art and Craft and Free architecture, in aspects of organic architecture, morality, and rationality. These concepts disseminated continental Art Nouveau and also became it's basic principles. But his empirical theories hated use of machine, and should find a ideal model in medieval romanticism of Gothic. Anti-machine, as a instictive guideline of English modern architecture, couldn't cope with the industrialization of 20th century, and Gothic revival interfered with creating a new style. Muthesius' discourses were taught by the power of group movements and modern concept of form in English school, originally by Ruskin. But he accepted the potentiality of machine and mass production, and stressed creating the new German style suitable with machine. With the progress of Deutscher Werkbund, his theories were advanced to 'quality' connected with craftmanship, to discourse on mechanical 'form', and lastly to 'standardization and type' for mass production. Mechanical functionalism of Muthesius and DWB were sophiscated and handed down to Bauhaus, and then finally helped establishment of the Modern Architecture and Internationalism. Both English and German modern architecture owed their contribution as well as limitation to Ruskin and Muthesius as theorists. Through this comparative study, we can see the priority of theory to practice, the theoretical justification based on insight for its society and future, and the practical character of theory itself.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

In the face of the new dimension of the developed technology $L{\acute{a}}szl{\acute{o}}$ Moholy-Nagy, a master of 'the Bauhaus Akademie', made an effort to constitute the integrated life of the intellectual and the emotional by translating the experiences of the new technology Into the emotional language and the cultural realities. As an artist who criticized in the constructivist ethos the conception of the image as the imitation and brought the Image movements into relief Moholy-Nagy groped for a new expressive idea that can be called as 'the idea of the non-representational spatial expression' in which the expressive elements interact one another. His idea of the non-representational spatial expression that is made up of the pure forms of the nature, the direct colors and the spatial elements is oriented to incorporate the modern realities, i.e. the space experiences as the complicated sensory workings and the new technology as the measure of the human thinking, and further to see where they will move to. This study is on the one hand purposed to explicate the fundamental idea of the non-representational spatial expression that was poorly illuminated in spite of its importance in the respects of the design and art history, on the other to re-actualize the implications of the space-design which are contained in it.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

This study is aimed to identify the expression and the sense of time in contemporary architectural space. And to classify the system and elements of Zeitlichkeit in the contemporary architectural design. The concept of time can be divided into two meaningful perceptions. Those are the concept of realistic time and the concept of subjective time. These tendencies of theories of architectural space has borrowed from innovations in the sciences, and the whole idea of space-time within art and architecture. Those notions developed through the researches of Bauhaus, Postmodernism, Landscape architecture, Digital Architecture and so forth. The result of this study is that the concepts of time are one of the most important strategies of architectural design and have the various languages which there was not in the past. At the point of the transformation in contemporary architecture, the The concepts of space-time are classified into those from the orders of form and space, from dynamic of the image in the dissolution of architectural form, from traces and steps of movement in dynamic form, and from the systems of commands in the digital softwares. As such, Zeitlichkeit in contemporary architecture means that the architecture moves from the construction of the sensual design elements into Art of life through events and contents which human can experience and recognize. These theories and researches reveal that contemporary architectural movements insert the meaningful stories into architectural space through programs and diagrams.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

Modern design background of Scandinavia counts the Industrial Revolution and functionalism of Deustscher Werkbund and Bauhaus. However, Scandinavian has created their characteristic 'Scandinavian Modern Furniture' as an adaptation to their environment which are organic form based on their nature, affection of natural material, and handicraft tradition. Finish architect Alvar Aalto and Danish architect Arne Jacobsen rendered great contribution to worldwide reputation of Scandinavian furniture design. Both of them have hold tradition shared historically and culturally in common, brought the weighty traditional thoughts enable to develope their unique design. Especially they had continuous experiment of wood shaping and renovation of manufacturing technique so that they could made their chair design -the laminated bentwoods chair and moulded plywood chair- functionally comfortable. In point of view, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the chair design of Alvar Aalto and Arne Jacobsen, focusing un their bentwoods chair. For this purpose, the background of bentwoods chair design was investigated and in the philosophical, formative, and technical aspect, their bentwoods chair design were compared and analyzed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of space design of Isamu Noguchi's works barred on the stage sets and environmental designs. From the end of 19th century, space which was begun to be studied about in architects has continued to be researched by not only scientists but artists. Recently, space Is expressed in free and new forms due to diversity of societies and advancement of technology, As a result, space has become an essential part in art and is used in the titles of many art exhibitions. This study scrutinizes space in Isamu Noguchi's works. No other 20th century artist has as clear and progressive space conception as Noguchi's. His notion of modern art was modified through space in the tradition of cubism and Russian Constructivism and Bauhaus. Combined with his experience in the traditional Japanese houses and gardens, these influences led toward a broadened conception of sculpture as the creation of living space. These modernist's characteristics are found in his early expression of stage sets for choreographer Martha Graham, and they would lead to a wide range of design activities, from gardens and interiors to fountains and furniture. Isamu Noguchi had created a body of work that crossed the boundary between fine and applied art as a sculptor, and as an environmental designer.