• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.82-86
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• 2003

Objective : To examine the inhibition of 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) induced vasocontraction of the water extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms roots (ASR) on rat thoracic Aorta and mesenteric artery with and without endothelium. Methods : Segments of thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. Results : We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of ASR with a dose-dependent and concentration-dependent vasorelaxation. 5-HT produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery. At high concentrations of ASR, the inhibition responses were 93.7% (Jang-su), 93.5% (Heok-ryong-kang-sung), 92.8% (Mt. Back-doo), and 83.5% (Yeon-byun) of the maximum 5-HT induced contraction. At high concentrations of ASR, the relaxational response at thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery wi1h endothelium were 95.2% and 94.6%; without endothelium were 93.5% and 92.5% of 1he maximum 5-HT induced contraction. Conclusions : In conclusion, the effect of water extract of ASR had potent inhibition at 5-HT and the effect of ASR in isolated thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery showed dose-dependent inhibition but endothelium-independent response.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

Objectives: To examine the relaxational response to the water extract of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum undulatum L. on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. Methods: Segments of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. Results : We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of genus Rheum with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. At $10^{-4}$ M 5-HT, the maximal contraction force was 93.5% of the maximum KCI-response. The 5-HT induced contractions at $10^{-4}$ M were inhibited by 86.4% and 62.1 % after addition of the high concentrations of R. palmatum root (RPR) and leaf (RPL) and R. undulatum root (RUR) and leaf (RUL). At 10 mg/ml RPR and RUR, the relaxational response at thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta with and without endothelium were 86.4%, 83.2%, 85.8%, and 62.1% of the maximum 5-HT induced contraction. Conclusion: Our result showed that RPL and RUL induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta, and that RPL and RUL roots have more potent effects than the leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.2 s.80
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• pp.41-46
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• 2007

This paper considers the electrical shock risk of the human body due to underwater leakage current in such places of public baths. Many submerged electric facilities in a public bath may create a severe electric shock hazard for the human body, since wet body in an accidentally energized bathtub can result in low electrical resistance through the human body for leakage or fault currents. Therefore a major consideration, in the context of electrical safety underwater, is the shock risk to the bather as a result of electric current flowing through the water in bathtub. To assess the electric shock risk and to analyze the potential distribution in a bathtub, 2 different situation cases are set up, then experimental and simulation methods are adopted. The validity of 2 cases of simulation and experiment data in a bathtub for electric distribution underwater are compared and analyzed. Also electric shock risk assessment underwater in a real public bathtub by simulation program package, Flux 3D, was conducted herein, and the results are presented and discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.547-553
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• 1997

It has been known that activation of tyrosine kinases is involved in signal transduction. Role of the tyrosine kinase in vascular smooth muscle contraction was examined in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent uninephrectomy, one week after which they were subcutaneously implanted with DOCA (200 mg/kg) and supplied with 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl drinking water for $4{\sim}6$ weeks. Control rats were treated the same except for that no DOCA was implanted. Helical strips of carotid arteries were mounted in organ baths for measurement of isometric force development. Genistein was used as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Concentration-response curves to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) shifted to the right by genistein in both DOCA-salt hypertensive and control rats. Although the sensitivity to genistein was similar between the two groups, the maximum force generation by 5-HT was less inhibited by genistein in arteries from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats than in those from controls. Genistein-induced relaxations were attenuated in arteries from DOCA-salt rats. Genistein affected the contraction to phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu) neither in DOCA-salt nor in control arteries. These observations suggest that tyrosine kinase is involved in 5-HT-induced vascular contraction, of which role is reduced in DOCA-salt hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2005

Purpose： This study compared lifestyles of middle school students with and without atopic dermatitis in order to obtain the baseline information for health education. Methods： This study involved 256 students from 20 middle schools in Busan who suffered from atopic dermatitis and 231 students from 2 middle schools in Busan who did not have atopic dermatitis. Results： Students with atopic dermatitis had a lower family income (탑=16.99, p<.001) and were more likely to come from a nuclear family (탑=10.28, p<.001) than control students. 98% of the students with atopic dermatitis had several skin symptoms. 78.5% of students with atopic dermatitis reported experiencing difficulties in their daily because of their condition. Students with atopic dermatitis took shorter baths and used soap less frequently than the students in the control group. The students with atopic dermatitis cleaned their houses and bedclothes more often than normal students in an attempt to remove cockroaches and house-dust mites. Students with atopic dermatitis also ate fast and instant foods more often than normal students. Conclusions： Some lifestyle differences exist between students with and without atopic dermatitis. Therefore, education and guidance may be important to promote good health and improve lifestyle quality.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.908-917
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• 2004

In the previous article, the effect of aluminum compounds on the mordanting of the Caesalpinia sappan L. dyeing was studied. According to the type of the compound, the effect on the dyeing was found to be different even if $Al^{3+}$ ion was present in the molecular structure of the compound. It was postulated that there would be complex effects other than the effects based on the purified Al compounds only, since there are some amount of compounds hard to neglect. In order to reproduce the traditional dyeing practice, rice straw ash solutions were prepared as mordanting agents. The pH values of the solution baths were 4, 5, 6, 9, and 11 in order to investigate the pH effect on the color development by adding appropriate amount of Schizandra chinensis extract solution. The inherent dyeing properties were evaluated by the analysis of color difference, air permeability, the characteristics developed by pre-mordanting, post-mordanting, or simultaneous mordanting methods.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 1998

Recently, bathes have been suspected to an Important source of indoor exposure to volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate chloroform exposure and corresponding body burden by exposure routes while bathing. Another experiment was conducted to ekamine the chloro- form dose during dermal exposure and the chloroform decay In breath after dermal exposure. The chioroform dose was determined based on exhaled breath analysis. The ekamine breath concentration measured after normal baths (2.8 Vg/$m^3$) was approxidmately 13 tomes higher that measured prior to normal bathes (0.2 ug/$m^3$). Based on the means of the normalized post exposure chloroform breath concentration. the dermal exposure was estimated to contribute to 74% of total chloroform body burden while bathing. The Internal dose from bathing (Inhalation plus dermal) was comparable to the dose ostimated Srom dally water Ingestion. The rusk associated 10 a weekly, 30-min bath was estimated to be 1 x 10.5, while the rusk firom dally Ingestion of tap water was to be $0.5{\times}0^{-5} for 0.151 and 6.5{\times}10^{-5}$ for 2. 0 1. Chloroform breath concentration Increased gradually during the 60 minute dermal exposure. The breath decay after the dermal exposure showed two-phase mechanism, with early raped decay and the second slow decay. The mathematical model was developed to describe the relationship between water and air chloroform concentrations, with $R^2$ : 0.4 and p<0.02.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2004

In this paper, we checked health problems of patients who suffered from arthritis. After assessing each patients condition, in order to alleviate their sufferings, we introduced several methods of aromatherapy as a holistic approach to these health problems. Aromatherapy is used of essential oils, which are obtained from aromatic plants, can be defined as a nature-friendly complementary/alternative method, has its great merit in its each way of application. If the arthritis condition is localized, massage,compress or poultices, and hand or foot baths are most effective. Many of essential oils in the recipe have dual benefits, as anti-inflammative and analgesic agents. The Juniper and carrot seed aid in eliminating fluid and toxin accumulation in the joint and surrounding tissue. There are many different courses available and health professional should choose one that is relevant to clinical practice. Considering the future of nursing as a major contribution in the consumer-centered structure of medical health service, aromatherapy as a complementary/alternative method is expected to contribute not only to establishing more effective health service but also to resolving chronic health problems of arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.6 s.78
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

The paper considers the electrical shock risk of the human body due to underwater leakage current in electric field. The characteristics of electric shock in fresh water due to the leakage of submerged electric facility in the bathtub in public baths were conducted. The exposed live electrode is modeled as a point source of electric current source. It is assumed that divergent monopole field exists in the vicinity of the current source, regardless of the presence of return electrode and insulating boundary. The electric potentials in the steel bathtub, Diesen and Mole and Flux3D program one are measured according to the distance from leakage source. The results show that the increased shock risk and safe distance are estimated by the bathtub of limited width and the voltage calculated on the basis of a divergent monopole field concept is compared with the measured value.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2004

Objectives : We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of genus Panax in rat thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery. Methods : Segments of thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. Results : We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of genus Panax with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. At $10^{-5}m$ 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT), the maximal contraction force were 94.9% of the maximum KCl-response. At $10^{-5}m$ 5-HT - induced contraction, The contractile response of thoracic aortic rings were inhibited by 54.7%, 36.3% and 31.3% after addition of the high concentration (100 mg/ml) of water extract of Panax ginseng, Panax japonicus and Panax quinquefolium. The contractile response of mesenteric arteries were inhibited by 88.3%, 87.7%, and 70.3% after addition of the high concentration (100 mg/ml) of water extract of Panax ginseng, Panax japonicus and Panax quinquefolium. Conclusions : In conclusion, water extract of genus Panax - induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery were composed of endothelium - independent relaxation and dose - dependent relaxation.