• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1996

The behavior of total organic carbon (TOC) and phosphate were observed for 15 days with immobilized activated sludge using polyacrylamide (PAA) by sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In the preparation of immobilized sludge by PAA, it was found that suitable acrylamide concentration for actual wastewater treatment was to be 15% through the batch test. When SBR system was operated in the repeated aerobic and anaerobic conditions, TOC removal efficiency was 92%. The uptake rate of phosphate was increased from 1.78 mg-P/g cell/hr on the 5th day of acclimation to 2.5 mg-P/g cell/hr on the 15th day of acclimation. And the total phosphorus content in PAA bead was increased from 40 mg-P/g cell on the 1st day of operation to 55 mg-P/g cell on the 15th day of operation. From this study, lowering the volume of aeration tank was possible when PAA bead was used in wastewater treatment and long operation was also possible without the settler.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 1997

The recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysE : pTCGT1 was grown to overproduce Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) able to synthesize ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin (CD) with a selectivity of 67%. A number of batch fermentations were performed to test the possibility of using lactose as an inducer of the E. coli T7 promoter system. A mixture of isopropyl ${\beta}$-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and lactose (1 : 1) gave a maximum CGTase activity of 2.4 U/ml, which was higher than the value obtained with induction by IPTG alone. Fed-batch fermentations involving a glucose-controlled growth period followed by a gene-expression phase with mixtures of IPTG and lactose were employed to achieve high cell density and thereby increase total CGTase activity. Optimized fed-batch fermentation using the modified inducer (IPTG : lactose=1 : 3) and 100 g/l yeast extract solution in the gene-expression phase resulted in a maximum CGTase activity of 62.9 U/ml and a final cell mass of 53.5 g/l, corresponding to a 31-fold increase in CGTase activity and a 29-fold increase in cell mass compared with the control batch fermentation.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제4권7호
• /
• pp.1900-1906
• /
• 1997

본 논문에서는 FPGA에 회로를 설계할 때, 일괄검사가 가능한 BIST의 효율적인 BILBO(이하 EBILBO)를 설계한다. 제안된 일괄검사 알고리즘은 회로의 복잡도와 규모가 큰 회로에서 하나의 핀(pin)으로 정상속도에서 회로검사가 가능하다. BIST 설계에서, 필요한 검사패턴은 의사 랜덤패턴으로 생성하고, 출력은 다중 입력 쉬프트 레지스터에 의한 병렬 신호분석으로 검사하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 VHDL로 동작적 기술하므로 검사패턴 생성과 응답분석 및 압축에 대한 모델을 용이하게 변경할 수 있다. FPGA상에 설계된 회로에서, 구현된 BIST의 EBILBO의 면적과 성능은 ISCAS89 벤치마크 회로를 통하여 평가하였다. 600 셀(cell) 이상의 회로에서 EBILBO 면적은 30% 이하로 감소하고, 검사패턴은 500K 정도로 신축성 있게 생성되고, 고장검출률의 범위는 88.3%에서 100%임을 확인하였다. 일괄검사의 BIST를 위한 EBILBO 동작은 정상모드와 병행하여 실시간으로 검사모드를 $s+n+(2^s/2^p-1)$시간 내에 동시에 수행할 수 있다.(CUT의 PI 수;n, 레지스터 수;s, p는 다항식의 차수). 제안된 알고리즘은 VHDL 코딩으로 설계와 검사가 병행될 수 있는 라이브러리로 구축되어 DFT에 광범위하게 응용되어질 수 있다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2018

The hydraulic control valve, used in the CPB (cold-pad-Batch) cold dyeing system, passes through a pressurized material that absorbs the dye. The hydraulic control of the hydraulic control panel shall be driven in a uniform and precisely controlled manner, as it interferes directly with the dyschromatism. In this study, an acceleration test model was employed to verify the durability of the hydraulic control of the hydraulic control panel, which was manufactured by the scenic model, and the pre-roll angle was analyzed before the performance of acceleration test. Based on the change in the amount of deformation of the padder roll the durability of the padder roll was analyzed along with verification of the durability of the skin and the rubber coating in contact with the fabric. Furthermore, the accelerated test method used for hydraulic controlled multi-cell padder rolls was verified.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2006

Characteristics of electricity production from major fermentation products (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were evaluated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). For each substrate, batch and continuous experiments were performed. The batch test result indicated that coulombic efficiency depended on the resistance connected in MFC circuit. With acetate, coulombic efficiency were 87% at $20{\Omega}$, but decreaced to 45% at$220{\Omega}$. In continuous tests, maximum power densities obtained was 220 Q with acetate. The maximum power densities of butyrate, acetate and propionate were 6.8, 6.1, and $5.2mW/m^2$, respectively. Propionate and butyrate were converted into acetate producing high currents. $H_2$ produced during butyrate and propionate probably used to produce electricity. In conclusion, butyrate conversion into acetate was faster than that of propionate with higher electricity production. If the production of propionate is inhibited during fermentation, anaerobically fermented liguor may be effectively applied for MFC.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2005

The effects of transformation capacity on cometabolic degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) were evaluated using TCE-degrading actinomycetes pure and mixed culture under various culture conditions. The TCE transformation capacity of the actinomycetes enrichment culture in a batch test with phenol addition was 1.0 mg of TCE/mg of volatile suspended solids (VSS). The resting cell TCE transformation capacity of the actinomycetes pure culture cell was 0.75 mg TCE/mg VSS, which increased to 2.0 mg TCE/mg VSS when phenol was added as an external substrate. When the pure culture had an internal substrate in the form of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at 19% of the cell mass, the resting cell TCE transformation capacity increased from 0.47 to 0.6 mg TCE/mg VSS. The presence of PHB increased transformation capacity by 57%, whereas, the addition of phenol caused more than two fold increase in transformation capacity. The actinomycetes culture showed the highest transformation capacity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 1991

Four species of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Saccharomycopsis flbuligera, and Schwanniomyces castellii were evaluated for their ability to bioconvert potato processing waste water into microbial protein and the resulting single-cell proteins were evaluated as protein sources for rainbow trout, using in vitro analyses. The studies indicated that Schwanniomyces castellii, which utilizes starch dircetly and converts it into cell mass efficiently, was suitable for the bioconversion. In the single-stage continuous bioconversion, the yield S. castellii cell mass, which contained approximately 37% protein, was 77%, at dilution rate 0.25 $h^{-1}$. Reduction of total carbohydrate was 81%. During batch fermentations, cell mass yield was about 72% and total carbohydrate reduction was 81%. Among the yeasts tested, S. castellii possessed the most fragile cell wall and had a favorable amino acid profile for salmonid fish; protein score of 86% (Met). In an in vitro pepsin digestibility test 80% digestibility (23~38% above control) was observed when cells were pre-heated in a steam bath for 30 min. Results presented should be regarded as being preliminary in nature because they were derived from single experiments.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 1990

배양기와 16비트 마이크로컴퓨터를 접속하여 호기성 미생물의 고농도 유가배양시스템을 구성하였다. 기질공급을 위한 제어변수로는 용존산소(DO)를 이용하였다. 용존산소측정기의 출력신호를 컴퓨터에 입력시켜 측정한 DO값에 근거하여 교반모터의 교반속도와 산소유량을 제어함으로써 배양액의 DO를 일정하게 유지하였으며, 연동펌프의 제어에 의해 기질공급을 안정하게 수행하였다. 기질공급의 제어와 DO의 제어를 한가지의 하아드웨어 및 소프트 웨어로 수행할 수 있었다. 제어시스템을 이용하여 메탄올이용균인 Methylobacillus sp. SKI을 유가배양한 결과 배양액의 DO제어와 메탄올 공급의 제어가 무리없이 수행되었으며, 배양 10시간만에 16.53g/l의 균체농도에 도달하였다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 1992

버섯 갈변병 유발세균인 Pseudomonas tolaasii와 이에 대해 길항성을 나타내는 세균을 버섯으로부터 각각 분리 하여 Gram staining, gelatin liquefaction, oxidase test 등을 통해 P. fluorescens와 P. tolaasii 를 동정하였으며 , pigment production, tempera t ture sensitivity, salt tolerance, 그리고 rapid pit­ting test 등의 여러가지 실험을 통하여 특정을 알아 보았다. 또한 P. fluorescens를 대량으로 배양하기 위하여 최적 배지조성 및 배양의 최척조건을 확립하였고, 세포농도를 높이기 위하여 유가배양을 시행하였다. 세포성장에 있어서 carbon 및 energy source 인 glucose의 경우 30g/L일 때 세포농도가 가장 높았으며, yeast extract의 농도가 10g/L에서 세포농도가 최적으로 성장하였다. 질소원인 $NH_4Cl$과 ${(NH_4Cl)}_2SO_4$는 각각 1.0g/L와 O.lg/L일 때 세포성장이 가장 좋게 나타났고, sulfur source인 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$의 최적농도는 1.0g/L였다. 그리고 $KH_2PO_4$와 $CaCl_2$는 각각 1.0g/L와 O.lg/L일 때 세포농도가 가장 높았으며, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0 그라고 DO는 40 %로 유지시켰을 때 세포성장이 가장 높았으며, 유가배양에 의해 세포농도를 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.207-224
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study was to explore the principles of SUPAC-SS and its regulatory application in handling postapproval changes to nonsterile semisolid dosage forms. The types of postapproval changes that SUPAC-SS described were modifications in formulation (components and composition), batch size, manufacturing equipment & process, and the site of manufacturing. SUPAC-SS defined the levels of postapproval changes and what chemistry, manufacturing, and control tests should be conducted for each change level. The guidance also specified several occasions the manufacturers should perform in vitro release test (Franz cell diffusion test) and/or in vivo bioequivalence test. Finally, SUPAC-SS classified appropriate filing forms to be used in supporting postapproval changes. It was crystal clear that SUPAC-SS helped maintain the safety and quality of approved semisolid dosage forms when they were subject to certain postapproval changes. The availability of SUPAC-SS made contributions to reducing regulatory burdens of the industry, as well as expediting the postapproval process of regulatory agencies. This study also shed light on the background of relevant pharmaceutical sciences that the SUPAC-SS guidance adopted. Finally, the KFDA and the industry were strongly urged to implant a similar guidance in handling postapproval changes to semisolid dosage forms available in the Korean marketplace.