• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 1989

Observations of basidia in Korean Commercial Agaricus bisporus were made with Electron Scanning Microscope. One and two spored basidia were found, but this is not consistent with the other observation. Based on this observation, some sepeculation was made for breeding systems for Korean Commercial A. bisporus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-59
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• 1988

Considerable variations in spore productivity were detected within the area of single hymenial surfaces of certain polypores. The hymenium has in irregular patterns, areas of low as well as high spore production, common both in the periphery(young) as well as in the inner(old)part. These have been recorded as isospore diagrams showing that the basidia all over the hymenia are at different stages of development.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1993

Apexes of basidia in Rhodophyllus(synonyum of Entoloma) muraii var. albus are divided into four sections or depressed in the center. A spore is formed by inflation of the apex of the sterigma. The apex of the sterigma is swollen and changed from a papilla through a penisform and a club into a globeform. Six spots of globose spore are regularly or irregularly depressed with hilum axes. Finally the spores are cuboid. Basidia of Entoloma squamiferrum are developed from hymenium layer of crator-shaped parabasidium. Apex of basidium is flat or depressed in the center. Although four sterigmata are developed, only two sterigmata are symmetrically swollen to two spores in certain basidia. It means that two sterigmata among four sterigmata are infertile. The apex of the sterigma is swollen into a paillaform, and then turned into a penisform. It is swollen from a clubform into a globeform. Six spots of the surfaces of globose spore are deperssed with hilum axes. Finally the spore is cuboid, and then it is released from hilum. Four sterigmata of papillaform of E. violaceobrunneum are developed from cartor-shaped basidium. The apex of sterigma is swollen to a small globeform. And then it is swollen to a clubform. The clubform is again swollen to a ellipticalform, and then more than six spots of spore surfaces are ramomly depressed with hium axes. When the depression of surface of a elliptical spore is over, it is the multi-angular spore of the heterometrical-form.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1993

Basidia of Entoloma squamiferrum are developed from hymenium layer of cartor-shaped parabasidium. Apex of basidium is flat or depressed in the center. Although four sterigmata are developed, only two sterigmata are symmetrically swollen to two spores im certain basidia. It means that two sterigmata among four sterigmata are imfertil. A spore is formed by inflation of the apex of the sterigma. The apex of the sterigma is swollen into a paillaform and then turned into a penisform. It is swollen from a clubform into a globefrom. Six spots of the surfaces of globose spore are depressed with hilum axes. Finally the spore is cuboid, and then it is released from hilum.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2005

Twenty-two isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii causing spotted leaf rot from Varanasi, India were grown on 6% Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar (CRMA) medium for the induction of athelial stage (Athelia rolfsii). Only one isolate obtained from Sphaeranthus indicus formed basidial stage on CRMA medium while the other 21 isolates did not. Basidial stage was also produced in S. indicus isolate at different concentrations (5.5, 6.0 and 6.5% w/v) of CRMA medium. Size of basidia, sterigmata and basidiospores of this isolate was measured. Basidia clavate, hyaline and measured $10{\sim}12{\times}4{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$ in size, basidiospores hyaline, unicellular, subglobose to ellipsoid produced on sterigmata and measured $3{\sim}5{\times}2{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ in size, sterigmata hyaline and measured $4{\sim}5{\times}1.5{\sim}2\;{\mu}m$ in size. The results of the present study revealed wide variation in spotted leaf rot isolates of S. rolfsii. A reddish zone around the colony of S. rolfsii isolate from Vernonia sp. was observed on CRMA medium. HPLC analysis of the zone revealed the presence of gallic and ferulic acid which were also thought to be responsible for reduced mycelial growth of the isolate on CRMA medium.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.3-13
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• 2009

90 wild Agaricus strains from China, including 44 Agaricus bisporus strains identified preliminarily by isozyme electrophoresis, were studied by the techniques of SRAP and ISSR. 18 special SRAP bands and 12 special ISSR bands were analyzed, the strains were clustered and a demdrogram was obtained. The results showed that the strains were divided into 2 groups, wild A. bisporus group and the other Agaricus group. It is similar to the result of isozyme electrophoresis. 41 wild A. bisporus strains from Sichuan and Tibet were divided into 4 groups based on their growing places, suggesting the regionally difference of the strains to be quite obvious. Some white wild A. bisporus strains from Xinjiang and Tibet had special patterns, resulting in lower coefficient values with other wild A. bisporus strains. The biological characteristics of three wild A. bisporus strains were analyzed, and the results showed: 1. The wild strains grew slowly on PDA medium with weak appressed mycelia, and grew normally in kernel or fermented cottonseed shell substrate. 2. They grew faster than control strain As2796 under lower temperature of $16^{\circ}C$, and higher temperature of $32^{\circ}C$, with optimum growing temperature of $20-24^{\circ}C$, which was $4^{\circ}C$ lower than that of control strain. 3. In the cultivation with manure compost via twice fermentation, the mycelia grew normally in compost and quite slowly in casing soil, and the fruitbodies occurred less and late with easily opening and low production. 4. The fruitbody was off-white with flat and scaled cap, long stipe and dark gill. The bisporus basidia occupied 70-80% and trisporus basidia 20-30% of the total basidia. 5. Heterokaryotic monospore isolates could fruit in cultivation, and the homokaryotic isolates could cross with those derived from overseas wild A.bisporus strains. 6. The electrophoresis phenotype of isozymes such as esterase etc. belonged to high production type (H type). 7. The RAPD patterns made much difference from those of high production, good quality or hybrid strains, which indicated that the wild strains produce a new kind of RAPD type.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1993

Apexes of basidia in Rhodophyllus muraii var. albus are divided into four sections or depressed in the center. A spore is formed by inflation of the apex of the sterigma. The apex of the sterigma is swollen and changed from a papilla through a peinsform and a club into a globeform. Six spots of globose spore are regularly or irregularly depressed with hilum axes. Finally the spores come cuboid.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.194-197
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• 2001

Schizopora paradoxa is a white rot fungus showing great variation in hymenophoral configuration. It has been often treated as close to Irpex or Hyphodontia and frequently confused with S. flavipora which was identified as an unrecorded species in Korea. Distinct features including sizes of basidia and basidiospores as well as hymenophoral shape make S. paradoxa differ from S. flavipora. Remarkable characters of hymenophores and microscopic structures are described and their significance is discussed for the taxonomy of Korean Schizopora.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.278-281
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• 1995

An isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2(IV) from zoysiagrass was examined on development of its teleomorph by the modified soil-on-agar culture method. The most effective growth medium for sporulation was Czapek's 1/2 agar medium added with yeast extract and peptone. The characters of teleomorph of R. solani AG 2-2 (IV) are as follows. Hymenia developed on soil surface after the development of vegetative hyphae. Basidia were barrel-shaped, short clavate or obovate and were 11.4~17.9$\times$7.1~11.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (mean : 15.1$\times$9.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) in size. Sterigmata were horn-shaped and slightly bent to the inner side and 4.3~18.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (mean : 10.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) in size. Two to four sterigmata developed on each basidium. Basidiospores were obovate, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, thin walled, with an apiculus, and 3.6~10.4$\times$2.9~5.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (mean : 7.8$\times$4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) in size.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 2020

Meghalaya, (in India), in the region of the mega-biodiversity hotspots, is home to a plethora of wild mushrooms. The present study concerns the exploration of the order Agaricales, which includes rare gilled mushrooms considered endangered under IUCN A4c criteria, due to the declining habitat. Electron microscopy of the gill sections revealed an abundance of clamp connections, hyphal cell walls, cystidia, and basidia. This rare species which belongs to the family Cyphellaceae, exhibits morphological and molecular differences from the Cyphella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it formed a clade under the genus Campanophyllum of the order Agaricales, confirmed by both Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Being nutritionally potent along with its efficient antioxidant value, the fungal extract shows significant rise of two-fold in the antimicrobial activity along with the commercial antibiotics. The compound, Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-Dimethylethyl) (2, 4-DTBP) showed in ample range in the fungal extract along with aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpene, alcohol and volatile organic compounds on further characterization in GCMS. The present study indicates the endangered Campanophyllum proboscideum could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and an effective pharmaceutical agent.