• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.797-802
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• 1997

The current study is a part of series o research about the development of new superstructure system to overcome the engineering problems in the design of bridges of 30m to 45m in span length using the existing bridge systems. The basic concept of new system is the continuation of adjacent tow simple spans composed of the precast prestressed concrete U-type sections. The partial post tensioning method is applied to create the continuity. In this study, the new technique was introduced and applied with an example design of tow span of 40m in span length to find the possibility for practical application as the feasibility study. The obtained results show that the new splicing method is expected to offer significant economical and serviceability advantages.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2005

This study was performed to provide basic information of the development and breeding of new cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus L., which have more beautiful and diverse flowers. Morphological characteristics of the flowers and leaves, and genetic variation of the flowers color of two Jeoktanshim-line cultivars, Bulsae and Pyungsung, were crossed each other. The result of the cross between Bulsae and Pyungsung are as follows: Mean flower height and width were 5.35 cm and 7.69 cm, respectively. Mean length and width of petal were 5.43 cm and 3.80 cm respectively, and mean length and width of flower pistil were 4.67 cm and 0.44 cm, respectively. The flower color of all ten individuals was the color of the Jeoktanshim-line, and Pyungsung, and all flower type were I-c type.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 1999

The sequences coding for the 5.8S rDNA and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS 2) from the isolates of nine isolates of Gyrodinium impudicum and two isolates of Gymnodinium sanguineum species were amplified, sequenced and compared with the previously known Alexandrium species and Gymnodinium catenatum. The genetic distance analyses based on the sequence alignment indicated that Gymnodinium catenatum and Gyrodinium impudicum species were some related, Alexandrium species was distant. G. catenatum and G. sanguineum were quite separate, but these two species belonged to the same genus. G. impudicum and G. catenatum forming the closet cluster showed some variation in the alignment of ITS regions. The length of ITS1 varied more than that of ITS2 and the length of ITS1 and ITS2 was different for each G. impudicum, Gymnodinium and Alexandrium species. Also, the length of ITS1 was shorter than that of ITS2. However, on the sequences of G. sanguineum, the length of ITS1 was longer about 23 nucleotides than that of ITS2. The phylogenetic analysis and rDNA similarity of G. impudicum and G. catenatum $(59\%)$ is higher than the that of G. catenatum and G. sanguineum $(55\%)$. It was thought that the phylogenetic analysis and the genetic distance revealed that G. impudicum and G. catenatum were clearly different species and G. impudicum may belong to the genus of Gymnodinium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.722-726
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• 2010

Inventory survey is process collecting data about cut slope. It's different from inspection. It contains not only basic information about cut slope, especially location, GPS positioning, height, length, weathering, joint direction, water conditions but also level of danger and damage. Collected data are being used get at status about cut slope along national roads. And It helps judging about priority of detailed investigation. According to results of analysis, we found better method about maintenance of cut slope. Later on, if inventory research is finished, we will understand characteristics of collapse slopes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.586-606
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• 2023

This study initiated research aligned with the body positivity movement, aiming to explore size diversity for groups facing relative size discrimination due to their deviation from average body types. Using KS adult women's apparel dimensions as a reference, jackets were developed for women in their 20s to 30s who belong to the small petite-size (S[P]) category, which is characterized by a height under 155cm (petite) and a bust-circumference from 72cm to less than 82cm (small). Using 3D virtual-fitting, we conducted experiment-pattern production and refinement and subsequent real-fitting evaluations by participants to objectively validate aesthetics and comfort. The study's findings are as follows: First, utilizing a 3D virtual-fitting program by identifying 'creases' and 'garment pressure points' in the jacket appearance, experiment patterns were refined and real jackets were produced. This approach addressed challenges in recruiting participants with specific body types and allowed for efficient research in terms of cost and time. Second, through real-fitting evaluations, basic-fit and slim-fit jackets labeled as <79-88-150> were developed for the S(P) size. we presented 'size spec' and 'ease allowance' for jackets by waist fit. Both fits received positive evaluations with approximately 53.5cm sleeve length, and 11.7cm shoulder length. The ease allowances for the basic-fit jacket were approximately 9.2cm at the bust circumference, 12.8cm at the waist circumference, and 6cm at the hip circumference. Similarly, the slim-fit jacket exhibited ease allowances of about 4.8cm at the bust circumference, 4cm at the waist circumference, and 4cm at the hip circumference, receiving positive evaluations for aesthetics and comfort.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.552-561
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• 2006

This study was conducted to suggest an appropriate jacket bodice pattern for elderly women by comparing the developed pattern with existing ready-made jacket pattern. The developed jacket bodice pattern was produced from the basic sloper in which elderly women's somatotype was fully reflected, by using the newly developed 3D pattern design system. Subjects were 6 elderly women aged from 60 to 69 who have average somatotype in their age group. This study carried out pattern analysis and self-sensory test with three ready-made jackets(national brands) and suggested a developed jacket pattern based on the results. According to the self sensory test results of ready-made jacket, wearing fitness among brands was significantly different even though those brands were same B91 size. The results of ready-made jackets' pattern analysis, size differences among patterns have influenced wearing fitness. The basic numerical formula for the jacket pattern considered elderly women's somatotype were as follows; $B/4+2{\pm}0.2{\sim}0.5$(difference of front and back), $W/4+2{\pm}0.2{\sim}0.5$(difference of front and back), H/4+2~7(ease amount), armhole depth B/4, chest width B/6+1, back width B/6+3 and back neck width B/12+0.5. According to the results of the developed jacket's appearance evaluation, it earned higher scores in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that the developed jacket is appropriate for the elderly women. Also, in the evaluation on space length, the developed jacket pattern was evaluated to allow proper space length in all around of measurement parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2011

This study investigates the current state of companies that manufacture and sell outdoor wear. A survey was conducted to identify what problems they had and what aspects they needed to supplement through a comparison and analysis of their block patterns. Companies that manufactured outdoor wear and those that sold them were separately surveyed to understand their current state. The manufactures included 4 companies and 14 sellers. The survey used interviews to cover the areas of target consumers, development patterns, production lines, body size, nominal size, production size, and functional materials for each item, and aspects that need improvement. The survey period was from September $3^{rd}$ to $10^{th}$ 2008. There were three block patterns for jackets, T-shirts, and pants. The investigator collected the patterns used by three outdoor clothing manu-facturers for comparison and assessment. As a result, the mean age of the target consumers set by the outdoor clothing manufacturers and sellers was 25.3-50.7 and 29.2-42.5, respectively, which shows that the outdoor clothing had a wider distribution of target consumers than the sellers. It is imperative for them to segment and differentiate the target consumers and concepts. The basic body measurements the companies used to draw the upper and lower garment patterns were the bust circumference for the upper garment patterns and the waist circumference for the lower garment patterns. The basic nominal size was 95 for the upper garment and 70 for the lower garment. Also analyzed were the block patterns according to the items to understand the pattern characteristics of each of the companies. There were a total of 35, 36, and 30 items for the jackets, T-shirts, and pants, respectively, to measure size. The items were then compared with one another in mean and standard deviation. The analysis indicate that the block patterns were not fit for women in their twenties or thirties to wear and required revisions in the length of the upper garment, the height of sleeve cap, bust circumference, hip length, and pant length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.708-726
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• 2020

This study develops leggings patterns for pregnant women with increased needs in utilization and necessity. It provides basic data for the development of leggings for pregnant women. The pattern was deformed by analyzing the leggings of U company, and simulated using the DC Suite Program. SPSS 24.0 was used for the analysis. As a result of the appearance evaluation, the primary pattern had many spaces in the thighs, calves, and the upper part; in addition, wrinkles occurred in the upper part and the knee part. The length of the leggings was long and agglomeration in the ankle appeared. Wrinkles were reduced by setting the hip circumference, hip width, and leggings length to reflect the results of the primary in the case of the secondary pattern. A pattern was developed that closely adhered to the body without any wrinkles in the appearance evaluation of the final pattern. Future studies should examine legging patterns of pregnant women according to the material change. Wearing evaluation and appearance evaluation should be done by making actual leggings for pregnant women, not 3D simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2002

For the purpose of providing basic data for the development of size specifications for middle-aged women in Busan, one dimensional measurements were made with the subjects. ranging 45 to 59 in age. The following are the conclusions : 1) According to ages, the middle and elder groups of the middle-aged women shared similar body types, having shorter height, more lowered bust. and increased upper-body depth and girth factors, compared with the earlier middle-aged women group. But the thigh girth of the elder middle-aged group (age: 55∼59) was the lowest, maybe owing to the aged lower-body muscles. 2) In the comparison with national averages. armhole girth, elbow girth, wrist girth. back waist length, side neck point-B.P.-waist line, and sleeve length showed great differences. This is problematic in that the national size standards fail to reflect each legion\`s peculiar body type characteristics. 3) Even though body types were classified according to drop value criteria suggested by KS specifications, 23.05% did not belong to the criteria. They were thus classified as A, N, and H body types, following the distribution of the present experiment. 4) In consideration of the economy factor of the production and sales of the clothes industry, the combinations of height and chest garth for the middle-aged Busan women were as follows: 155cm-85cm (Body Type A) 150cm-88cm (Body Type N), and 155cm-94cm (Body Type H).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.544-554
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• 2018

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in Ghana is limited by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, and yield losses over 70% have been experienced in farmer fields. Major management strategies of the root-knot nematode (RKN), such as rotation and nematicide application, and crop rotation are either little efficient and harmful to environments, with high control cost, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to examine morphometric variations of RKN populations in Ghana, using principal component analysis (PCA), of which the information can be utilized for the development of tomato cultivars resistant to RKN. Ninety (90) second-stage juveniles (J2) and 16 adult males of M. incognita were morphometrically characterized. Six and five morphometric variables were measured for adult males and second-stage juveniles (J2) respectively. Morphological measurements showed differences among the adult males and second-stage juveniles (J2). A plot of PC1 and PC2 for M. incognita male populations showed clustering into three main groups. Populations from Asuosu and Afrancho (Group I) were more closely related compared to populations from Tuobodom and Vea (Group II). There was however a single nematode from Afrancho (AF4) that fell into Group III. Biplots for male populations indicate, body length, DEGO, greatest body width, and gubernaculum length serving as variables distinguishing Group 1 and Group 2 populations. These same groupings from the PCA were reflected in the dendogram generated using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). This study provides the first report on morphometric characterisation of M. incognita male and juvenile populations in Ghana showing significant morphological variation.