• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

Recently damage scale by local winds and typhoon has dramatically increased. Korea has the terrain over 70% of the land and the planning of the wind load is necessary to estimate reflecting appropriately the change of the wind-speed according to the characteristic of the terrain and in the Korean Building Code(2009), this is stated and it reflects to the design process. However, in order to estimate the topographic factor of the wind speed considering the topographic characteristics in the structure design actually, it has many difficult points including the local topographic survey, etc. In this paper, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) is created using TIN interpolation method in the form of the digital map and then the interface was designed and implemented which can automatically estimate the topographic factor of wind speed by using ESRI(R)ArcObjectTM and the Visual Basic programing language. By applying it to the terrain which positioned in the downtown area, the practicality of the topographic factor of wind speed estimation interface was checked.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop a teaching competency scales customized for teaching programs conducted by Center for Teaching & Learning at A University. To achieve this purpose, a preliminary study was set up, which consists of three competency groups (basic competency, practice competency, innovation competency) and 26 learning competency factors through a review of previous studies. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the provisional teaching competency scales, an online survey was conducted on A university teachers in September 2020, The collected questionnaire data were organized and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, 26 teaching competency was reduced to 17. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the model was found to be good, Also, as a result of analyzing the construct reliability and AVE of the confirmed teaching competency factors, all 17 factors showed a good level of .7 or more. The teaching competency scales developed through this study can be used as basic data for performance evaluation and development of new programs of CTL teaching program.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.64-76
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• 2016

The step-wise process of colorectal carcinogenesis from aberrant crypt foci, adenoma to adenocarcinoma, is relatively suitable for chemopreventive intervention. Accumulated evidences have revealed that maintaining an undifferentiated state (stemness), inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in this colon carcinogenesis process. However, appropriate molecular targets that are applicable to chemopreventive intervention regarding those three factors are still unclear. In this review, we summarized appropriate molecular targets by identification and validation of the prospective targets from a comprehensive overview of data that showed colon cancer preventive effects in clinical trials, epidemiological studies and basic research. We first selected a study that used aspirin, statins and metformin from FDA approved drugs, and epigallocatechin-gallate and curcumin from natural compounds as potential chemopreventive agents against colon cancer because these agents are considered to be promising chemopreventive agents. Experimental and observational data revealed that there are common target molecules in these potential chemopreventive agents: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), nuclear factor-&B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2). Moreover, these targets, TCF/LEF, NF-κB and NRF2, have been also indicated to suppress maintenance of the undifferentiated state, inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. In the near future, novel promising candidate agents for colon cancer chemoprevention could be identified by integral evaluation of their effects on these three transcriptional activities.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for elderly women's clothing design and to develop dress forms that can reflect the characteristics of their bodies. Three hundered twenty subjects, between the ages of 60 .approx. 85, were chosen and the data were collected from anthropometric data. Principal component analysis which is one of the basic methods in factor analysis was applied to the interpretation of anthropometric data. As a result of analysis, the data are able to be decided into appropriate group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Objectives and Importance : The present study investigated the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the CSF of patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical significance. Methods : The levels of bFGF in CSF, taken from 26 hemispheres of 14 moyamoya patients and 20 patients without vascular anomaly(control group), were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the correlation between the level of bFGF and the clinical factors such as age, onset pattern, development of neovascularization, and cerebral circulation. Results : The CSF of moyamoya patients contained a high concentration of bFGF to a significant extent. The bFGF level was apparently elevated in the patients in whom neovascularization from indirect revascularization, such as modified encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis(EDAS) was well developed. A linear correlation between the values of bFGF and clinical progression was noted. Conclusions : The elevation of bFGF in moyamoya disease seems to be specific. Clinically, the bFGF level may be considered a useful indicator to predict the efficacy of indirect revascularization.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was designed to localize the distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the developing rat condylar region and to elucidate the associated function of bFGF in the condyle development. The condyles of temporomandibular joint of Sprague-Dawley rats (27g of weight) were used. The tissues were examined with electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: 1. The developing condylar region are divided in to 5 zones apparently: proliferative, maturation, hypertrophic, calcifying, and ossification zones. 2. The cells in the proliferative zone are condensed and have under-developed cell organells in the cytoplasm. This zone shows a strong immunoreactivity of bFGF. 3. The cells in the maturation zone are typical chondroblasts showing well-developed cell organells and round nucleus. The cartilaginous matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the chondroblasts show the immunoreactivity. 4. The cells in the hypertrophic zone show hypertrophic change having the degenerated cell organelles and small nucleus. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the nucleus and endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 5, The cells in the calcifying zone show hypertrophic change and cell organelles are disappeared. The cells are surrounded by the calcified cartilaginous matrix. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 6. In the zone of bone formation, chondroblasts are disappeared. Newly differentiated osteoblasts secreting osteoid around the calcified cartilaginous matrix. The bone marrow shows the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the bone matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.437-442
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• 2016

We aimed to study the role of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) in neuronal differentiation using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced neuronal differentiation, characterized by cell-body shrinkage, long neurite outgrowth, and expression of neuronal differentiation markers light and medium neurofilaments (NF). The bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells was induced through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules [MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p90RSK], and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling molecules PI3Kp110β, PI3Kp110γ, Akt, and mTOR. Inhibitors (adenosine dialdehyde and S-adenosylhomocysteine) of protein methylation suppressed bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. PIMT-eficiency caused by PIMT-specific siRNA inhibited neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells by suppressing phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway and Akt and mTOR in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, these results suggested that PIMT was critical for bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and regulated the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays an important role in angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. $Mg^{2+}$ is the most abundant intracellular divalent cation in the body and plays critical roles in many cell functions. We investigated the effect of bFGF on the intracellular $Mg^{2+}$ concentration ($[Mg^{2+}]_i$) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). bFGF increased ($[Mg^{2+}]_i$) in a dose-dependent manner, independent of extracellular $Mg^{2+}$. This bFGF-induced $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ increase was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tyrphostin A-23 and genistein), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) and a phospholipase $C{\gamma}$ ($PLC{\gamma}$) inhibitor (U73122). In contrast, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (SB202190 and PD98059) did not affect the bFGF-induced $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ increase. These results suggest that bFGF increases the $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ from the intracellular $Mg^{2+}$ stores through the tyrosine kinase/PI3K/$PLC{\gamma}$-dependent signaling pathways.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2003

The major ionic components of precipitation collected at the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city have been determined. The reliability of the analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, electric conductivities and acid fractions; all of their correlation coefficients were above 0.94. Ionic strengths lower than $10^{-4}$ M were found in 53% of the 1100 Site samples and 28% of the Jeju city samples. Compared with other inland areas, the wet deposition of $Na^+,\;Cl^-\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ was relatively larger, but that of $NH_4^+,\;nss-SO_4^{2-}$(non-sea salt sulfate) and $NO_3^-$ was lower. Especially the wet deposition increase of $Ca^{2+}$ in the spring season supports the possibility of the Asian Dust effect. The acidification of precipitation was caused mostly by $SO_4^{2-}\;and\;NO_3^-$ in the Jeju area, and the organic acids have contributed only about 7% to the acidity. The neutralization factors by NH₃were 0.47 and 0.48, and that of CaCO₃was 0.31 and 0.25 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively. Investigation into major influencing sources on precipitation components by factor analysis showed that the precipitation at the 1100 Site had been influenced mostly by an anthropogenic source, followed by soil and seawater sources. The precipitation at Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2007

Using complementation of RpoH deficient E. coli strain A7448, the rpoH gene encoding heat shock sigma factor 32 (${\sigma}^{32}$) from Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 DSM11726 was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of a stretch of 1,796-bp revealed existence of an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 284 amino acid (32,006 dalton). Deduced amino acid sequence of the Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 RpoH showed that 59.6%, 39.1% and 51.4% identities with those of Nitrosomonas europaea (${\beta}$-proteobacteria), Agrobacterium tumefaciens ($\alpha$-proteobacteria) and E. coli (${\gamma}$-proteobacteria). The expression level of the functional ortholog of RpoH of Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 was increased transiently after heat induction, further indicating that it functions as a heat shock sigma factor.