• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.289-299
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• 2003

The autogenous free gingival graft is the most predictable procedure currently used to increase the width of　the attached gingiva in periodontics. But the major disadvantage of the procedure is to create the multiple surgical wounds at both a donor site and a recipient site. The other problem is the limited amount of available　graft material in oral cavity. Therefore, recent researches have been focused to develop the biomaterial to substitute the autogenous gingival tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic healing after　grafting of bilayer artificial dermis, compared to the free gingival graft. Four non-smoking subjects (mean age, 32.5 years) in systemically healthy state and good oral hygiene were selected according to their particular needs for correction of mucogingival problems as suggested by Nabers(1966). The recipient sites were prepared through the procedure for the free gingival graft and were grouped according to the graft materials: Experimental group(n=5) - bilayer artifcia1 dermis ($Terudermis^{(R)}$; Terumo Co. Japan) and Control group(n=6) - free gingival graft with autogenous palatal mucosa. Biopsies were harvested at 1,2,3 and 6 weeks postsurgery to evaluate histologically. At the third week in the experimental group and at the second week of in the control group, the grafts has been clinically stabilized on the recipient bed and the graft border has been blended into the surrounding tissue. In the experimental group after 1 week of grafting, the epithelial migration from the adjacent tissue to graft material was seen and after 3 weeks of grafting, the : nflmmation decreased, collagen layer of the artificial dermis was lost and the basement membrane of epithelium was formed. After 6 weeks of grafting, both groups demonstrated orthokeratinized epithelium and increased thickness of epithelial tissue and the rete peg formation, similar to the adjacent tissue, Histologic evaluation revealed a biologic acceptance and incorporation of the collagen layers of the graft tissue to the host tissue, without foreign body reaction. In conclusion, a bilayer artificial dermis is essentially similar to autogeneous free gingival graft in the correction of mucogingival problems, and has the advantages of decreased patient morbidity (no donor site) and availability of abundant amounts of graft material when needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

The morphological development of colonic epithelia in fetuses between 60-. 90-, and 120-days gestation and neonates of Korean native goat were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells contained nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, free ribosomes, and shoo granular and agranular endoplasmic reticula. The zonula occludens, zonula adherens, desmosomes, short microvilli, and masses of glycogen granules were also obsrved. The goblet cells contained a few secretory granules. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the cell organelles of the colonic epithelial cells were better developed than those in the 60 day old fetuses. Increased number of endoplasmic reticula, digitiform intercellular junctions, mitochondria, and Golgi complexes was observed. The goblet cells contained a lot of secretory granules. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells contained long microvilli and well developed cell organelles. The nuclear cleft and large intercellular space were also appeared. Nunerous fibroblasts were seen in the basement membrane. The number of goblet cells was further observed. In the 120 day old fetuses, all colonic epithelial cells shape simple columnar cells. In newborns, the colonic epithelial cells were covered with extensive microvilli. There were many goblet cells with a lot of secretory granules protruding into the intestinal lumen, and some goblet cells secreted their secretory granules into the lumen. In the 60-and 90-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells appeared to be either simple columnar or stratified columnar depending on areas.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2012

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder, characterized by blisters on skin and mucosal surfaces even upon light mechanical damage. EB is caused by genetic mutations in at least seven proteins on the basement membrane zone, which is the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis. There are many types of EB differing in clinical and genetic aspects, and the prognosis varies depending on the EB type. There are largely three types of EB, categorized by the electron-microscopic location of the blisters. The blisters form within the epidermis in epidermolysis bullosa simplex, in the lamina lucida in junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and just beneath the basal lamina in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. To date, there is no medication or treatment that cures EB or completely prevents the blisters, so generally symptomatic treatment is performed. EB patients must always be cautious, for blisters can form at the slightest injuries, and the patients must be dealt with gently. Injuries and infections have to be prevented and treated, and deficient nutrients must be supplied during dental treatment period. Some patients may experience pain when swallowing food or dental treatment due to blisters and resulting scars in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus. Recently, two pediatric patients were diagnosed with EB at Pusan National University Hospital and visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for oral care and dental treatment. The treatment results are reported here.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6025-6030
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• 2013

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an enzyme with proteolytic activity against matrix proteins, particularly basement membrane constituents. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -1306, which disrupts a Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), results in strikingly lower promoter activity with the T allele. In the present study, we investigated whether this MMP-2 genetic polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Saudi population. We also analyzed MMP-2 gene expression level sin CRC patients and 4 different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: TaqMan allele discrimination assays and DNA sequencing techniques were used to investigate the $C^{-1306}T$ SNP in the MMP-2 gene of Saudi colorectal cancer patients and controls. The MMP-2 gene expression level was also determined in 12 colon cancer tissue samples collected from unrelated patients and histologically normal tissues distant from tumor margins. Results and Conclusions: The MMP-2 $C^{-1306}T$ SNP in the promoter region was associated with CRC in our Saudi population and the MMP-2 gene expression level was found to be 10 times higher in CRC patients. The MMP-2 $C^{-1306}T$ SNP is significantly associated with CRC in the Saudi population and this finding suggested that MMP-2 variants might help predict CRC progression risk among Saudis. We propose that analysis of this gene polymorphism could assist in identification of patient subgroups at risk of a poor disease outcome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome worldwide and has been defined as granular subepithelial deposition of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). MN has few known treatments and gives rise to side effects under treatment with steroids and immunosuppressives. Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to demonstrate the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) treatment on MN mouse model induced by cBSA. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups by injecting cBSA into the abdominal cavity. The control group was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) only. The second group, 'SRE-250', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The third group, 'SRE-500', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (500 mg/kg, p.o.). After cBSA and SRE treatment for 4 weeks, gain in body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN and creatinine of all groups were measured. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-1$\beta$, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, IgA, IgM and IgG levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining and electron microscopy of the kidney were observed. Results: SRE showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum triglyceride, BUN, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels compared with the control group. SRE showed increase in the serum IL-10 and IFN-$\gamma$ levels compared with control on RT-PCR. SRE considerably decreased in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of the kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that SRE decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in mouse model. Therefore, SRE seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.3_4
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• pp.201-205
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• 1968

The authors has observed the histopathologically and histochemically on the effect of the garlic and garlic oil to the liver and kidney of rats. In order to confirm the histochemical changes of the metabolism of polysaccarides, the periodic acid Schiff reaction was applied. The 30 albino adult male rats weighing about 150 grames from the National Institute of Health were housed individualy and devide into 3 experimental groups: Group C: stock diet group Group B: stock diet-garlic group Group A: stock diet-garlic oil group Group C was fed with stock diet only through out this experimental period, Group B was fed with stock diet supplemented with garlic homogenator to be 1%, and Group A was fed with stock diet supplemented with the garlic oil to 0.05%. The garlic oil used in this experiments was extracted by author. And all rats was fed during 10 weeks. The histopathological and histochemical results were shown in each figure. According to the all results, the following concIusions were drawn. 1) In the garlic oil administrated groups, congestion of the sinusoid was subsided and the liberation of the Kupffer's cells were observed. 2) In garlic administrated groups, fatty metamorphosis in hepatic cells, and slight liberation of Kupffer's cells in sinusoidal walls were observed. Connective tissue proliferation and collagen bundle were observed. 3) The connective tissue and blood vessel wall in portal area Were reacted intensely with PAS stain. The hepatic cells Were reacted intensely with PAS stain in control group and moderately or slightly in garlic and garlic oil administrated group. 4) There were no significant differences in collecting and Henle's loops in each groups, but narrowing of lumen of the distal tubules were observed in garlic oil administrated group. 5) The basement membrane of the tubules and the connective tissues of the vessel wall in Kideny were reacted intensely with PAS stain in each groups. In control and garlic administrated groups. the brush border of the proximal tubules were reacted intensely with PAS stain, but epithelium of the Heine's loop, proximal, distal and collecting tubules were reacted moderately. In garlic oil administrated-group, there were tendency of decreasing of PAS stain in each tubules.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1024-1030
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• 1998

We investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on protein glycosylation in early and end stage product, and light microscopic studies were done on the renal glomeruli of KK-mice of various ages and various duration of diabetes. Weaned KK-mice were fed high fat diets containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt), and sacrificed at 4,6, and 9 months of age. The high vitamin E diet was a high fit diet supplemented with an excess amount of d1-$\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate (2080IU/kg diet). We measured Hemoglobin $A_{IC}$ (Hb $A_{IC}$) as a glycosylation early product, and renal collagen-linked fluorescence as a glycosylation end product. In the diabetic group, levels of Hb $A_{IC}$ were increased within 2 months after onset of diabetes and remained at a constant level for the duration of experiment. 5 months after onset of diabetes, renal collagen linked fluorescence(CLF) was markedly increased. A quantative, morphologically demonstratable, progressive thickening of the basement membrane and calcification occured in the diabetic KK-mice. There is a statiscally positive correlation between CLF and histologic grade of diabetic nephropathy. Hepatic vitamin E levels correlated with those of Hb $A_{IC}$, renal CLF, and renal calcification. Treatment with vitamin I did not modify the level of blood glucose. However, we observered a significant lowering of CLF and Hb $A_{IC}$ in diabetic mice. Supplementation of vitamin E was found to delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. (forean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1024-1030, 1998)0, 1998)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2006

One of the steps in angiogenesis is the degradation of the underlying basement membrane via proteases. Endothelial cells release proteinases to degrade the extracellular matrix for their sprouting in vivo. In this study, we examined the effect of water extracts of Phellinus linteusis(Phellinus extracts) and combination of Phellinus extracts and fibroblast growth factor(FGF-2) on cultured porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells(PPAECs). Phellinus extracts induced sprouting of PPAECs, which was inhibited by MMPs and plasmin inhibitors, and induced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) and plasmin. At high concentration of Phellinus extracts($200{\sim}400{\mu}g/mL$), the active MMP-2 secretion was induced. It is therefore, suggested that Phellinus extracts induces the sprouting of cultured endothelial cells by means of increased active MMP-2 and plasmin secretion. Also, combination with Phellinus extracts and FGF-2 produced an enhanced effect on sprouting and secretion of active MMP-2, and MMP-3 and plasmin from PPAECs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2006

The primary goal of the wound healing is rapid wound closure. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of the biologic processes involved in wound repair and tissue regeneration. This study was conducted to develop a new sponge type of biomaterial to be used for either wound dressing or scaffold for tissue engineering. We designed to make a comparative study of the wound healing effect of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid (SF/HA) blend sponge in full-thickness dermal injury model of rat. Two full-thickness excisions were made on the back of the experimental animals. The excised wound was covered with either the silk fibroin (SF), hyaluronic acid (HA) or SF/HA (7 : 3 or 5 : 5 ratio) blend sponge. On the postoperative days of 3, 7, 10 and 14, the wound area was calculated by image analysis software. Simultaneously, the tissues were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome methods to measure the area of regenerated epithelium and collagen deposition. In addition, we evaluated the degree of the epithelial cell proliferation using immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We found that the half healing time ($HT_{50}$) of SF/HA blend sponge treated groups were significantly decreased as compared with either those of SF or HA treatment group. Furthermore, SF/HA blend sponges significantly increased the size of epithelialization and collagen deposition as well as the number of PCNA positive cells on epidermal basement membrane as compared with those of control treatment. Especially, the 5 : 5 ratio group of SF/HA among all treatment groups was most effective on wound healing rate and histological studies. These results suggest that SF/HA blend sponges could accelerate the wound healing process through the increase of epithelialization, collagen deposition and basal cell proliferation in full thickness skin injury.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Purpose : Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the most common primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Some suggested that tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) are involved in the pathogenesis of MCD. Methods : This study was done to see the changes of plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$, and its effect on the determination of permeability of the glomerular basement membrane (BM) contributed by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Study patients consisted of 19 biopsy-proven MCD children aged 2-15 years old. Both plasma and urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured. Employing the Millicell system, $TNF-{\alpha}$ was screened for the permeability factors. We examined whether $TNF-{\alpha}$ regulated BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). Results : Urinary $TNF-{\alpha}$ during relapse was significantly increased when compared with that of during remission or controls ($364.4{\pm}51.2$ vs $155.3{\pm}20.8,\;36.0{\pm}4.5$ ng/mg cr) (P<0.05). However, negative results were obtained in the permeability assay using the Millicell system. No difference was seen in the BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the GECs. Conclusion : It seems that $TNF-{\alpha}$ may not play a disease-specific role in the pathogenesis of MCD.