• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1812-1821
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluate the eco-efficiency for recycling processes of Busan Resources Recycling Center for each year from 2010-2012. It analyze the impact of global warming on the power consumption by Life Cycle Assessment. Also calculate the economic value by net profit components those are sales amount and electric charge in accordance with the process operation. On the basis of these results, each of the eco-efficiency Factor analysis and dynamics analysis of 2011 and 2012 as the base year to 2010 are performed. As a result, the impact of global warming in all the recycling processes is increased by increasing power consumption 2010-2012. But net profit is decreased. In addition, the eco-efficiency of all the recycling processes is decreased and analysis result of the eco-efficiency trends is located on the Fully non Eco-efficiency (--) level. Therefore, all the recycling processes are necessary improvement for power consumption reducing and net profit increasing to further the environmental and economically sustainable direction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2012

For better understanding of carbon cycle dynamics of an agro-ecosystem, an accurate assessment of seasonal and daily $CO_2$ flux is essential to understand the relationship between various environmental factors and crop productivity. We developed the automatic sliding canopy chamber (ASCC) system that measured continuous net ecosystem productivity (NEP) over whole growing season under the natural meteorological rhythm. The ASCC was composed of two main parts which were sliding part for measuring NEP, and automatic opening and closing chamber (AOCC) for measuring soil respiration (SR) on the soil surface. The ASCC was developed by using open flow method for measuring soil $CO_2$ efflux. The disturbance of natural meteorological condition was minimized by opening the base frames. In the field test with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), NEP was calculated at $140mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ on a clear day using continuous data and eliminated the possibility of overestimate about 16% using one hour data during the day time. Unlike other small scale chamber system, installation on cropping-field made it possible to take any modifications which might be caused by natural environmental condition.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 1995

The conceptual world of sentence is composed f substantives(nouns) and verbal. The verbal is a semantic center of sentence, the substantives are placed under control of verbal, and they are combined in a various way. In this paper, the structural relation of verbal and substantives are analyzed and the phrase unit sentence which is derived from the result of morphological analysis is interpreted by a variable pattern net. This variable pattern net analyzes the phrases syntactically and semantically and extracts conceptual units of clausal form. This paper expands the traditionally restricted Horn clause theory to the general sentence, separates a simple sentence from a complex sentence automatically, constructs knowledge base by clausal form of logical conceptual units, and applies it to a question-answering system.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.123-136
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• 2011

Arts gains a new relation as the new academic area that deals with living organisms and through this technology, it affects everything, such as the body, entity, consciousness and unconsciousness to bring an overall change. Based on this premise, arts require a different interpretation from the previous product-focused interpretation or the analysis focusing on the aesthetics. As the result of arts using the scientific methods, I examined the changes of the arts semantics and how it evolved with what kind of contents and characteristics. The net art with the internet base also form a close relationship with the social and cultural codes. In categorizing the social issues and the topical discussions with semantic factors that evolve from the digital biological perspective, it can be divided into four types of complex interaction, positive feedback negative feedback, and amplification of unsettledness. Based on the characteristics of the multimedia and the interactive reaction, the technique and the imagery amplify the message through a spatial and timely meeting in a mutual repletion. In other words, the emotional communication is used to attempt the messages from the products and the expression in various methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.4724-4747
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• 2016

To efficiently reduce on-grid energy consumption, the admission control algorithm in the hybrid energy powered cellular network (HybE-Net) with base stations (BSs) powered by on-grid energy and solar energy is studied. In HybE-Net, the fluctuation of solar energy harvesting and energy consumption may result in the imbalance of solar energy utilization among BSs, i.e., some BSs may be surplus in solar energy, while others may maintain operation with on-grid energy supply. Obviously, it makes solar energy not completely useable, and on-grid energy cannot be reduced at capacity. Thus, how to control user admission to improve solar energy utilization and to reduce on-grid energy consumption is a great challenge. Motivated by this, we first model the energy flow behavior by using stochastic queue model, and dynamic energy characteristics are analyzed mathematically. Then, fuzzy logic based admission control algorithm is proposed, which comprehensively considers admission judgment parameters, e.g., transmission rate, bandwidth, energy state of BSs. Moreover, the index of solar energy utilization balancing is proposed to improve the balance of energy utilization among different BSs in the proposed algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs excellently in improving solar energy utilization and reducing on-grid energy consumption of the HybE-Net.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1981-1995
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• 2021

When a person tries to conceal emotions, real emotions will manifest themselves in the form of micro-expressions. Research on facial micro-expression recognition is still extremely challenging in the field of pattern recognition. This is because it is difficult to implement the best feature extraction method to cope with micro-expressions with small changes and short duration. Most methods are based on hand-crafted features to extract subtle facial movements. In this study, we introduce a method that incorporates optical flow and deep learning. First, we take out the onset frame and the apex frame from each video sequence. Then, the motion features between these two frames are extracted using the optical flow method. Finally, the features are inputted into an improved MobileNetV2 model, where SVM is applied to classify expressions. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the method, we conduct experiments on the public spontaneous micro-expression database CASME II. Under the condition of applying the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method, the recognition accuracy rate reaches 53.01%, and the F-score reaches 0.5231. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the micro-expression recognition performance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

In recent years, the industry and research communities have focused on developing autonomous crack inspection approaches, which mainly include image acquisition and crack detection. In these approaches, mobile devices such as cameras, drones or smartphones are utilized as sensing platforms to acquire structural images, and the deep learning (DL)-based methods are being developed as important crack detection approaches. However, the process of image acquisition and collection is time-consuming, which delays the inspection. Also, the present mobile devices such as smartphones can be not only a sensing platform but also a computing platform that can be embedded with deep neural networks (DNNs) to conduct on-site crack detection. Due to the limited computing resources of mobile devices, the size of the DNNs should be reduced to improve the computational efficiency. In this study, an architecture called pruned crack recognition network (PCR-Net) was developed for the detection of structural cracks. A dataset containing 11000 images was established based on the raw images from bridge inspections. A pruning method was introduced to reduce the size of the base architecture for the optimization of the model size. Comparative studies were conducted with image processing techniques (IPTs) and other DNNs for the evaluation of the performance of the proposed PCR-Net. Furthermore, a modularly designed framework that integrated the PCR-Net was developed to realize a DL-based crack detection application for smartphones. Finally, on-site crack detection experiments were carried out to validate the performance of the developed system of smartphone-based detection of structural cracks.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.278
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• pp.64-69
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• 2000

미국과 유럽에서 추진되고 있는 ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems : 고도도로교통시스템) 도로통신에서 취급하는 정보의 정의, 통신방식의 표준화 등의 동향에 대한 개요를 기술한다. 미국에서는 NTCIP(National Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol)라 불리우는 통신프로토콜, 데이터 딕셔너리, 메시지 셋트 등의 표준화가, 유럽에서는 DATEX-Net라는 데이터 교환의 표준화가 추진되고 있다. 이들은 ITS 분야에서의 시스템 간 및 장치간의 상호운용성$\cdot$호환성을 확보하고 통합적으로 ITS를 전개해가기 위한 기반정비의 주요 항목이다. 양자 공히 표준적인 통신프로토콜이 채용되고 있으나 정보내용, 메시지포맷에 대하여는 NTCIP가 ASN.1(Abstract Systax Notation 1)에서 기술한 MIB(Management Information Base)구조를 갖고 있는 한편, Datex-NET는 독자적인 구조의 사전과 EDIFACT(Electronic Data Interchange for Administration Commerce and Transport)에 따른 메시지사양으로 되어 있어 공통성이 없다. 그러나 센터간 통신에 관하여는 미국에서 제안한 DATEX-ASN이라는 표준화 안에 대하여 유럽에서 전향적인 평가를 하고 있어 통일화의 징조가 보이고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

The amount of production orders from Japanese car and construction machine industries have slightly increased in 2002, but the costs of the forged parts have decreased due to severe competitions with the other Asian countries. Most of the forging industries and some universities are making more efforts for technological researches and developments to meet the demand for higher accuracy and higher quality products, shortening of delivery time, and development of forged parts for new industrial fields. Some helical gears of which surfaces can be net-shaped have been started for commercial base production to be shipped to car industries. Some non-graphite lubricants for hot forging and some conversion coating free lubricants for cold forging have been developed to improve some environmental problems.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-159
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• 2013

Over the course of the recent global financial crisis, emerging economies experienced massive swings in capital inflows. In this paper, we estimate a VAR model to assess the impact of capital inflow shocks, which are identified using a set of sign restrictions, on house prices in Korea. We base the analysis on three alternative measures of capital inflows: net total inflows, net portfolio inflows and gross total inflows. The results suggest that capital inflow shocks have a significantly positive and persistent effect on real house prices. Although shocks to capital inflows are found to be substantially more important for Korean asset markets than for other OECD countries, their overall explanatory power is modest. Using regional house price data we also show that capital inflow shocks have an asymmetric effect on property markets across the seven largest Korean cities and across different parts of Seoul.