• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2006

Accurate prediction of a supersonic missile base drag continues to defy even well-rounded CFD codes. In an effort to address the accuracy and predictability of the base drags, the influence of grid system and competitive turbulence models on the base drag is analyzed. Characteristics of some turbulence models is reviewed through incompressible turbulent flow over a flat plate, and performance for the base drag prediction of several turbulence models such as Baldwin-Loman(B-L), Spalart-Allmaras(S-A), k-$\varepsilon$, k-$\omega$ model is assessed. When compressibility correction is injected into the S-A model, prediction accuracy of the base drag is enhanced. The NSWC wind tunnel test data are utilized for comparison of CFD and semi-empirical codes on the accuracy of base drag predictability: they are about equal, but CFD tends to perform better. It is also found that, as angle of attack of a missile with control fins increases, even the best CFD analysis tool we have lacks the accuracy needed for the base drag prediction.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2000년도 제14회 학술강연논문집
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• pp.14-14
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• 2000

One of the most important aerodynamic performance characteristics for projectiles is the total drag which can be typically divided into three components, pressure drag (excluding the base), viscous skin friction drag, and base drag. In a range of supersonic flight speeds the base drag is a major contributor to the total drag and can be as much as 50%∼70% of the total drag, depending on the afterbody configuration of projectiles. It is of especial importance to minimize this part of. the drag.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Accurate Prediction of a supersonic missile base drag continues to defy even well-rounded CFD codes. In an effort to address the accuracy and predictability of the base drags, the influence of grid system and competitive turbulence models on the base drag is analyzed. Characteristics of some turbulence models is reviewed through incompressible turbulent flow over a flat plate, and performance for the base drag prediction of several turbulence models such as Baldwin-Lomax(B-L), Spalart-Allmaras(S-A), $\kappa-\epsilon$, $\kappa-\omega$ model is assessed. When compressibility correction is injected into the S-A model, prediction accuracy of the base drag is enhanced. The NSWC wind tunnel test data are utilized for comparison of CFD and semi-empirical codes on the accuracy of base drag predictability: they are about equal, but CFD tends to perform better. It is also found that, as angle of attack of a missile with control (ins increases, even the best CFD analysis tool we have lacks the accuracy needed for the base drag prediction.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

A method is presented to estimate the form drag and the base pressure on a triangular cylinder in the presence of blockage effect. The Strouhal number, which is found to increase with the flow constriction experimentally by Ramamurthy & Ng (1973), may be decoupled from the blockage effect when re-defined by using the velocity at flow separation and a theoretical wake width. By incorporating this wake width into the momentum equation by Maskell (1963) for the confined flow, a relationship between the form drag and the base pressure is derived. Independently, the experimental data of surface pressure from Ramamurthy & Lee (1973) are found to be independent of the blockage effect when expressed in terms of a modified pressure coefficient involving the pressure at separation. Using the potential flow model by Parkinson & Jandali (1970) and its subsequent development in Yeung & Parkinson (2000) for the unconfined flow, a linear relation between the pressure at separation and the form drag is formulated. By solving the two equations simultaneously with a specified blockage ratio and an apex angle of the triangular cylinder, the predictions of the drag and the base pressure are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. A new theoretical relationship for the Strouhal number, pressure drag coefficient and base pressure proposed in this study allows the confinement effect to be appropriately taken into consideration. The present approach may be extended to three-dimensional bluff bodies.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2008

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of base shield plates in reducing the drag of a rough circular cylinder in a cross flow at Reynolds numbers in the range $3{\times}10^4{\leq}Re{\leq}10.5{\times}10^4$. Three model configurations were investigated and compared: a plane cylinder (PC), a cylinder with a splitter plate (MC1) and a cylinder fitted with base shield plates (MC2). Each configuration was studied in the sub and supercritical flow regimes. The chord of the plates, L, ranged from 0.22 to 1.50D and the cavity width, G, between the plates was in the range from 0 to 0.93D. It is recognized that base shield plates can be employed more effectively than splitter plates to reduce the aerodynamic drag of circular cylinders in both the sub- and supercritical flow regimes. For subcritical flow regime, one can get 53% and 24% drag reductions for the MC2 and MC1 models with L/D=1.0, respectively, compared with the PC model. For supercritical flow regime however, the corresponding drag reductions are 38% and 7%.

• 오토저널
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.90-96
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• 1992

The effect of base cavities on the drag of a simplified tractor-trailor model for Re=4.1*10$^{5}$ is investigated experimentally. Three different types of base cavities are studied in this work. They are solid-wall, slitted-wall, and slotted-wall cavities. Slotted-wall cavity is found to be most effective for drag reduction. A maximum of 11% reduction in the zero-yaw drag coefficient is achieved with the slotted wall cavity.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2017

본 논문은 비행시험의 결과를 이용하여 항력 및 항력감소 분석을 위한 항력계수 산출기법에 대하여 기술하였다. 2차원 탄도운동방정식의 역산을 통하여 비행시험을 이용한 항력계수 산출방법에 대하여 정리하였으며 155 mm 탄의 비행시험을 통하여 이론적인 항력계수와 시험결과로부터 산출된 항력계수를 비교하여 항력계수 산출 기법에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 항력감소제가 적용된 탄의 비행시험결과를 이용하여 항력계수 산출 및 항력감소 양상을 분석하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2003

Experimental studies on drag reduction of a circular cylinder of diameter D were conducted in the subcritical flow regime at Reynolds numbers in the range $4{\times}10^4{\leq}Re{\leq}10^5$. To shield the cylinder rear surface from the pressure deficit of the unsteady vortex generation in the near wake, two shield plates were attached downstream of the separation points to form a cavity at the base region. The chord of the shield plates, L, ranged from 0.22 to 1.52 D and the cavity width, G, was in the range from 0 to 0.96 D. It is concluded that significant drag reductions from that of a plain cylinder may be achieved by proper sizing of the shield plates and the base cavity. The study shows that using a pair of shield plates at G/D of 0.86 and angular position ${\theta}$ of ${\pm}121^{\circ}$ results in a configuration with percentage drag reduction of 40% for L/D of 0.5, and 55% for L/D of 1.0.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제26회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.327-330
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• 2006

기저연소과정이 포함된 젯추진을 고려한 기저유출 탄의 기저저항특성 조사를 위해 전산모사를 수행했다. 전반적인 유체역학과정은 2방정식의 $k-\omega$ SST난류 모델을 포함하고 반응유동을 위해 나비아-스토크방정식으로 모델화 되었다. 연소과정은 부분적으로 연소된 BBU (base-bleed unit) 출구조건을 갖는 유한속도반응으로 모델화 했다. 기저저항과 로켓플륨이 있는 기저유동의 상호작용에 대해 본 전산유체 해석기 능력을 보여주므로, 본 연구는 복합추진탄의 유체역학적 그리고 연소과정에 대한 이해를 준다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1589-1594
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• 2004

A numerical analysis has been performed to give an understanding of the physics of a compressible base flow with mass bleed in a Mach 2.47 freestream. Axisymmetric, compressible mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are computed using a two-equation turbulence model, standard ${\kappa}-{\omega}$, and a fully implicit finite volume scheme. The mass bleed is characterized by the change in the mass flow rate of the bleed jet non-dimensionalized by the product of the base area and freestream mass flux. The result showing that there is an optimum bleed condition with maximum base pressure, leading to a minimum base drag, is clearly predicted and the validation with experimental data shows reasonable agreement.