• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1992

The digital map database is often produced for multiple purposes, including mapping at multiple scales; it is increasingly rare that a base map is digitized for mapping at a single scale. The most important problems in process of line simplification in map generalization and multiple representation is that tolerance value selected for simplifying base map information must be modified as feature geometry varies within the digital file to ensure both accuracy and recognizability of graphic details on a generalized map. In this study, we explored various algorithms regarding to line simplication at many scales from a single digital file, and presents a rule by which to determine those scale at which line feature geometry might be expected to change in map representation. By applying two measured of displacement between a digitized line and its simplification, five algorithms have been evaluated. The results indicate that, of the five, the Douglas-Peucker routine produced less displacement between a line and its simplification. The research has proved to automating map simplification, incorporating numeric guidelines into digital environment about what magnitude and variation in geometric detail should be preserved as the digital data is simplified for representation at reduced map scales.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

In the paper, an algorithm called a Constraint algorithm is proposed to solve the fan-in problem occurred in ADC encoding circuits. The Flash ADC architecture uses a double-base number system (DBNS). The DBNS has known to represent the multi-dimensional logarithmic number system (MDLNS) used for implementing the multiplier accumulator architecture of FIR filter in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The authors use the DBNS with the base 2 and 3 to represent binary output of ADC. A symmetric map is analyzed first, and then asymmetric map is followed to provide addition read DBNS to DSP circuitry. The simulation results are shown for the Double-Base Integer Encoder (DBIE) of the 6-bit ADC to demonstrate an effectiveness of the Constraint algorithm, using $0.18{\mu}\;m$ CMOS technology. The DBIE’s processing speed of the ADC is fast compared to the FAT tree encoder circuit by 0.95 GHz.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2009

The telecommunication technology in the 21st century has come up to the standard which could transmit various spatial information by means of on-line and the printing technology using computers has been on a par with presswork in quality. In addition, map users also would like to get various spatial information through on-line directly or indirectly. None the less, the supply system of national base map in our country has maintained the off-line sales method. It is owing to this reason that the nation's supply system has shown a high degree of inefficiency from the viewpoint of the inventory control, rapidity, and economical efficiency as compared with the on-line sales system in the developed countries. This study tried to analyze some problems of the present supply system in order to build up the foundation of the efficient map supply system and also developed the system such as On-demand maps, on-line paying and sales, inventory control, meta dat establishment, and security module, etc. This study tried to analyze some problems of the present supply system in order to build up the foundation of the efficient map supply system and also developed the system such as On-demand maps, on-line paying and sales, inventory control, meta dat establishment, and security module, etc.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

In order to answer the questions successfully on behalf of the human in DeepQA environments such as Jeopardy! of the American quiz show, the computer is required to have the capability of fast temporal and spatial reasoning on a large-scale commonsense knowledge base. In this paper, we present a scalable spatial reasoning algorithm for deriving efficiently new directional and topological relations using the MapReduce framework, one of well-known parallel distributed computing environments. The proposed reasoning algorithm assumes as input a large-scale spatial knowledge base including CSD-9 directional relations and RCC-8 topological relations. To infer new directional and topological relations from the given spatial knowledge base, it performs the cross-consistency checks as well as the path-consistency checks on the knowledge base. To maximize the parallelism of reasoning computations according to the principle of the MapReduce framework, we design the algorithm to partition effectively the large knowledge base into smaller ones and distribute them over multiple computing nodes at the map phase. And then, at the reduce phase, the algorithm infers the new knowledge from distributed spatial knowledge bases. Through experiments performed on the sample knowledge base with the MapReduce-based implementation of our algorithm, we proved the high performance of our large-scale spatial reasoner.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

The emergence of cloud has been able to provide a variety of IT service to the user. As organizations and companies are increased that provide these cloud service, many problems arises on integration. However, with the advent of latest technologies such as big data, document-oriented database, and MapReduce, this problem can be easily solved. This paper is intended to design the Cloud Aggregator to provide them as a service to collect information of the cloud system providing each service. To do this, we use the DBaaS(DataBase as a Service) and MapReduce techniques. This makes it possible to maintain the functionality of existing system and correct the problem that may occur depending on the combination.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2008

This study aims to derive a practical coordinate transformation method for the existing geographic information database. After analyzing the status and problems of existing 1/1,000 digital base map and GIS application database, the transformation parameters are estimated and the accuracy of the transformation is determined based on the transformed coordinates. We analyzed the accuracy of a transformation using the published national transformation coefficients as well as the estimated local transformation coefficients using national and urban control points in a study area. In addition, the 1/1,000 digital base map from aerial triangulation is compared with respect to the coordinates of urban control points. Based on the comparison, the biases on the national control points which were used at the time of digital map generation was analyzed. Then, the accuracy of transformed coordinates based on the world geodetic system using local transformation coefficients estimated from urban control points are determined. We also analyzed the transformation accuracy of underground infrastructure database using the same transformation method as the case of 1/1,000 digital base map. Through this study, it was found that the estimation of transformation coefficients by Molodensky-Badekas using urban control points was suitable for a local government. Furthermore, it was obvious that the accuracy of a 2-dimensional affine transformation was comparable to that of 7 parameter transformation for a local area. Applying the coordinate transformation and bias correction, we could transform GIS application database which was built by an offset surveying based on digital base map within the transformation accuracy of 10 cm. Therefore, it was judged that there will not be a big problem on the transformation of the GIS DB to the world geodetic system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-58
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• 1986

In a mapping, stereo-restitution of an aerial photogrammetric process, of which is a major factor for map-base preparation dominates the accuracy and the reliability of a topographical map. The majority of a map-base preparation has nowadays been carried out by an analogue method ie, by the stereo-plotter. In consequence, it is evident that the skilled, the level of technique and personal attitude of operator have influence upon observational error which relates the accuracy and the quality of a map. This research aims at detection and analysis of operator's carrier and types of stereoplotter. The test is also examined that the level of details and features of terrain would have influence on the accuracy of map. With the results. it is also considered that the field check has impact on map accuracy ; whether the field check prior to restitution or after restitution.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

Let X be a smooth projective threefold whose anticanonical division $-K_X$ is ample, i.e., Fano threefold. In this paper, we studied the linear system $$\mid$-nK_X$\mid$$ for a positive integer n. In Theorem 4, we studied the cases that $\-nK_X$\mid$$ has no base-points and the cases that $$\mid$-nK_X$\mid$$ generate the birational map. In Proposition 5, we studied the possible exceptional cases given in Theorem 4. Some results in this paper are already known, but we have gave brief proofs for those results.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

The National Base Map construction consists of the regular correction work of dividing the whole country into two regions and carrying out the modification Plotting by aerial photographs every two years as well as the real time updating work of correcting the major change feature within two weeks by the field survey and the As-Built Drawing. In the case of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) used for real time updating work of the National base map, the coordinate transformation error is included in the positional error when applied to the National Base Map based on the World Geodetic Reference System as the coordinate system based on the Regional Geodetic Reference System. In addition, National Base Map is registered based on the outline(eaves line) of the building in the Digital Topographic Map, and the Cadastral and Architecture are registered based on the building center line. Therefore, the Building Object management standard is inconsistent. In order to investigate the improvement method, the network RTK survey was conducted directly on a location of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) and the problems were analyzed by comparing with the plane plotting position reference in National Base Map. In the case of the general structure with the difference on the Building center line and the eaves line, beside the location information was different also the difference in the ratio of the building object was different between Building center line and the eave. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide the Base data of the double layer of the Building center line and the outline of the building(eaves line) in order to utilize the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS). In addition, it is necessary to study an organic map update process that can acquire the up-to-dateness and the accuracy at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

The digital map version 2.0 is national base map which is used for frame work data, paper map making as well as geographic information system. National Geographic Institude has been research to make small scale digital map by using large scale digital map. NGI made from 25 1/5,000 digital maps to one 1/25,000 digital map ver 2.0 with map generalization system in 2003. However, they could not make 1/10,000 and l/50,000 digital map version 2.0 because of There is no portrayal on the scale 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 digital map in the existing regulations. therefore. We create the specification of the digital map on scale in order to make small scale digital map version 2.0 such as 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 scale.