• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different arsenical sources on inducing fatty liver, on changes in lipid metabolism and on liver function in mule ducks. Sixty twelve-week-old mule ducks were selected and randomly divided into five treatments, including the control group and four different arsenical sources; Roxarsone (300 mg/kg), arsanilic acid, $As_2O_5$ or $As_2O_3$, containing 85.2 mg/kg arsenic were included in the basal diet. The ducks were fed the medicated basal diet for 3 weeks followed by a one-week drug withdrawal. The results showed Roxarsone treatment decreased body weight, feed intake, liver weight and abdominal fat weight (p<0.05), while it increased the relative liver weight (p<0.05) during medication period ($3^{rd}$ week). The $As_2O_5$ treatment decreased abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight when compared to the control (p<0.05). Only Roxarsone among the treatment groups increased feed intake, liver weight and relative liver weight, while the $As_2O_3$ group showed the lightest liver weight and relative liver weight among treatment groups during the withdrawal period ($4^{th}$ week). The Roxarsone group decreased (p<0.05) NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and increased (p<0.05) cholesterol concentration during the medication period, and elevated the MDH and ACC activities during the withdrawal period. All four arsenical treatment groups showed lymphocytic infiltration in liver tissue, while the Roxarsone and $As_2O_3$ treatments showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities (p<0.05). During the withdrawal period, arsenical treatments resulted in liver vacuoles. However, the arsenicals differed in effectiveness and mechanisms of inducing fat vacuoles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1476-1481
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with chito-oligosccharide (COS) on egg production, nutrient digestibility, egg quality and blood profiles in laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into one of the following 5 dietary treatments: i) CON, basal diet; ii) ANT, basal diet+44 mg/kg avilamycin; iii) COS0.2, basal diet+200 mg/kg COS; iv) COS0.4, basal diet+400 mg/kg COS; v) ANTCOS, basal diet+200 mg/kg COS+22 mg/kg avilamycin. The experiment lasted for 6 wk. No change in egg weight (p>0.05) was observed during the trial period. Egg production in ANTCOS treatment was improved (p<0.05) when compared to CON during weeks 4-6. The birds in the COS0.2, COS0.4 and ANTCOS groups had higher (p<0.05) Haugh unit than those fed CON and ANT diets at the end of the $6^{th}$ wk. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen in CON group was lower (p<0.05) than in other treatments. The white blood cell (WBC) concentration of birds in the COS0.4 and ANTCOS group was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in other groups at the end of the $6^{th}$ wk. In addition, the differences of WBC counts between the beginning and end of the experiment in COS0.4 and ANTCOS groups were higher (p<0.05) than in CON and ANT groups. At the end of the experiment, the birds fed ANTCOS diet showed higher (p<0.05) total blood protein concentration than those fed CON or ANT diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of COS appeared to increase egg production and quality by increasing nutrient digestibility. Additionally, COS improved WBC and total protein concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.867-872
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of green tea by-product (GTB) in diets without antibiotics and to evaluate its effect on broiler performances. A total of 140 Ross broilers were kept in battery cages for a period of 6 weeks. Dietary treatments used in this experiment were antibiotic free group (basal diet as a control), antibiotic added group (basal+0.05% chlortetracycline), GTB 0.5% (basal+GTB 0.5%), GTB 1% (basal+GTB 1%) and GTB 2% (basal+GTB 2%). Antibiotic added group showed significantly higher body weight gain than other treatments (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in feed intake and feed efficiency among treatments (p>0.05). The addition of green tea by-product to diets tended to decrease blood LDL cholesterol content compared to control group although there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). Addition of green tea by-product increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in blood plasma and tended to decrease cholesterol content in chicken meat, but a significant difference was not observed (p>0.05). The values of TBA in chicken meat decreased in groups fed diets with green tea-by product and antibiotics compared to control group (p<0.05). The crude protein content in chicken meat was decreased slightly in treatments with green tea by-product and antibiotics supplementation. The abdominal fat was increased in chickens fed with diets with green tea by-product compared to the control (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.757-761
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the effects of organic and inorganic copper on performance in growing pigs. A total of 100 pigs, average age 63 d and initial body weight 21.46${\pm}$1.13 kg, were assigned to five treatment groups. Dietary treatments included i) CON (basal diet, 0 ppm Cu), ii) T1 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric sulfate, $CuSO_4$), iii) T2 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as $CuSO_4$), iv) T3 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric methionate, CuMet) and v) T4 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as CuMet). Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake) and G/F (gain: feed) ratios showed no significant differences. The dry matter digestibility was improved in the T1, T2, T3, and T4 treatments (p<0.05), as compared with CON. Nitrogen digestibility was improved in the T3 treatment group as compared with CON (p<0.05). As compared with the T1 treatment group, fecal pH values were improved in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups (p<0.05). Fecal Cu concentrations were significantly lower in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups than in T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The incidence of diarrhea was reduced when the pigs were fed on the T2, T3, and T4 diets as compared with CON. In conclusion, diets supplemented with 67 or 134 ppm Cu as CuMet may prove effective in improving nutrient digestibility and fecal pH value in growing pigs, and fecal Cu concentrations may be reduced by CuMet supplementation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1980

The effect of dietary vegetable oils on the growth and blood glucose level of rabbit was examed. This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effect of feeding vegetable oils for a period of weeks. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet. The Experimental animals were fed on 5 kinds of diets such as control (Basal), group A(Basal + sesame oil), group B(Basal + perilla oil), group C(Basal + soybean oil), and group D(Basal + rice bran on diets for 4 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The gain in body weight of rabbit was higher for perilla oil fed group than any other group gained. 2. Liver weight of the control group, group A, group B, group C, and group D were 30.35 or 37.35 or, 37.25 or, 38.25 gr, 31.05 gr, and 39.54 gr, respectively. The reletionship between liver and body weight were 3.25, 3.99, 4.33, 4,15, and 4.57, respectively. It showed that to liver weight of group D which was fed rice bran oil was heavier than any other group showed. 3. The content of total protein and glucase level in serum of animal blood were 5.72 mg% 40.34 mg%, 5.65 mg%: 22.37 mg%, 5.95 mg%: 77.0 mg%. 5.62 mg%: 28.60 mg%, and 5.63 mg%: 34.10 mg%, respectively. As shown above, the group B was the most heaviest one. 4. It may be concluded from the above results that linolenic acid which was included in vegetable oils have an effect on interconversion among three caloric elements such as cabohydrate, protein, and fats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1365-1374
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of exogenous multienzyme and phytase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microflora, and morphology in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets. Methods: A 2×2 factorial design was used in this study. Four dietary treatments consisted of i) basal diets (corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets without multi-enzyme and phytase), ii) basal diets with phytase (0.05%), iii) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme (0.05%), and iv) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme including phytase (0.05%). A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308 - one day old) were weighed and allotted to thirty-two cages (15 birds per cage), and chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. Results: The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were improved by supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase during the finisher period (p<0.05). The birds fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase had a significantly greater digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus compared with birds fed non-supplemented diets (p<0.05). The chickens fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a higher concentration of Ca and P in the serum (p<0.05). The population of Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Clostridium were not affected in the ileum and cecum of chickens fed enzyme-supplemented diets. The dietary supplemental exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a significant improvement in villus height, crypt depth, and villus height and crypt depth ratio, compared to basal diets or dietary supplemental phytase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of the exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase synergistically improved the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and villus height of the small intestine of broiler chickens fed a corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1536-1545
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• 2023

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, vitamin D in milk, milk fatty acids, blood chemistry, and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows. Methods: Six Thai Friesian cows (milk production, 11.2±2.0 kg/d; body weight, 415.0±20.0 kg; and days in milk, 90.0±6.0) were allocated to each treatment in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three treatments and three periods. Each period of the Latin square lasted 49 days consisting of 14 days for diet adaptation and 35 days for sample collection. Dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: i) feeding a basal diet without yeast (CON); ii) basal diet + 5 g of live yeast (75 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; LY); and iii) basal diet + 5 g of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast (150,000 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; VDY). Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk sample collection occurred on days 14 and 35 of each collection period, and blood plasma was collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of each collection period. Results: The results show that after a trial period of 14 and 35 days, the VDY group had significantly higher vitamin D content in milk than the LY and CON groups (376.41 vs 305.15, 302.14 ng/L and 413.46 vs 306.76, 301.12 ng/L, respectively). At days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the experiment, cows fed the VDY group had significantly higher 25(OH)D₂ status in blood than the CON and LY groups (51.07 vs 47.16, 48.05 ng/mL; 54.96 vs 45.43, 46.91 ng/mL; 56.16 vs 46.87, 47.16 ng/mL; 60.67 vs 44.39, 46.17 ng/mL and 63.91 vs 45.88, 46.88 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation could improve vitamin D content in the milk and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows during the lactation period.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2010

산란계에서 본 연구의 목적은 생균제(PY0.3%, PY0.5%) 를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 산란율, 산란수, 난중, 등외란, 파란율 등을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산란계에서의 사양시험은 36주령 ISA brown 산란계 300수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수-대두박 기초 사료구(Con; basal diet), 기초 사료구에 일반 효모 0.3%(basal diet+0.3% 일반효모), 일반 효모 0.5%(basal diet+0.5% 일반효모), 활성 효모 0.3%(basal diet+0.3% 유전자 변형 효모), 활성 효모 0.5%(basal diet+0.5% 유전자 변형 효모)를 첨가한 것으로 구성되었다. 총 13주간의 사양시험 기간 동안, 산란율, 산란수, 난중, 등 외란, 파란율 등을 연구했다. 사양시험에 이용한 닭은 각각 20수씩 3반복을 하였으며, 총 300수를 사용했다. 시험결과 시험군인 활성 효모 첨가군이 대조군에 비해서 산란율, 산란수, 난중에서 우수한 효과를 보였으며, 일반효모 첨가군에 비해서는 산란율, 산란수에 대해서는 우수하였으나 난중에서는 유의성이 없었다(p<0.05). 등외란과 파란율에서는 첨가 군에서 큰 란이 생산되는 비율이 크다 보니까 상대적으로 등 외란과 파란율이 높아진 면도 있다. 이러한 우수한 결과는 PY를 첨가함으로써 면역 기능강화와 bacteriocin의 기능과 효모에서 분비된 여러 가지 유용물질의 상호작용에서 기인된 결과로 보여 지며 이런 이유로 사료효율 개선과 병원성 미생물의 억제효과 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 상승효과로 작용했기 때문이라고 추정된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2005

본 시험은 약용식물(인진쑥, 오가피, 마늘)의 사료내 첨가가 모돈의 생산성, 포유자돈의 성장율 및 이유자돈에서의 성적 및 혈청 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 시험 1은 3~5산차의 임신 모돈 48두를 공시하여 각각 1) CON(basal diet; Control), 2) MP1(basal diet added 0.05% of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP2(basal diet added 0.1% of medicinal plant mixtures) 그리고 4) MP3(basal diet added 0.2% of medicinal plant mixtures)로 하여 처리구당 12두씩 배치하여 21일동안 실시하였다. 시험 기간동안 포유모돈의 일당 사료섭취량은 약용식물을 0.1% 첨가한 처리구가 0.2%를 첨가한 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 포유자돈의 개시시와 이유시의 체중 변화에서는 약용식물을 0.05% 첨가한 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (P<0.05). 혈액내 glucose의 함량에서는 MP3 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 시험 2는 개시시 체중 4.70$\pm$0.63kg의 3원교잡종(Landrace$\time$Yorkshire$\time$Duroc) 이유자돈 120두를 공시하여 20일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 옥수수－대두박 위주의 사료로서 NRC(1998)의 영양소 요구량에 따라 1) CON(basal diet; Control), 2) MP1(basal diet added 0.05% of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP2(basal diet added 0.1% of medicinal plant mixtures) 그리고 4)MP3(basal diet added 0.15% of medicinal plant mixtures)의 4개의 처리구로 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 5두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체시험기간 동안의 이유자돈의 일당증체량(linear, P<0.067)과 사효효율(linear, P<0.018)에서는 약용식물을 첨가함으로서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 사료섭취량(linear, P<0.018)에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 건물의 소화율에서는 약용식물을 첨가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(linear, P<0.004; quadratic, P<0.03). 결론적으로 포유모돈 사료내 약용식물의 첨가는 0.1%까지 첨가 급여시가 모돈의 체손실 감소 및 포유자돈의 증체량의 향상을 가져 왔으며, 이유자돈에서는 약용식물을 0.05-1.0% 첨가시 자돈의 성장율 및 건물의 소화율을 개선시키는 결과를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1147-1152
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Biotite V (BV) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and fecal noxious gas content in finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of eighty pigs (initial body weight 88.0${\pm}$1.35 kg) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were four pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) 200 mesh BV1.0 (basal diet+200 mesh Biotite V 1.0%), 3) 325 mesh BV1.0 (basal diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%), 4) 200 mesh BV2.0 (basal diet+200 mesh Biotite V 2.0%) and 5) 325 mesh BV2.0 (basal diet+325 mesh Biotite V 2.0%). Through the entire experimental period, there were no significant differences in ADG, ADFI and gain/feed among the treatments (p>0.05). With the addition of Biotite V in diet, DM and N digestibilities were increased significantly (p<0.01). Also, Ca and P digestibilities tended to increase in pigs fed Biotite V supplemented diet (p<0.01) compared to pigs fed control diet. Supplementation of Biotite V in diet reduced the fecal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) compared to CON treatment (p<0.01). In Exp. 2, a total of sixty four pigs (initial body weight 84.0${\pm}$1.05 kg) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were four pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included: 1) LP (low protein diet), 2) HP (high protein diet), 3) LP+BV (low protein diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%) and 4) HP+BV (high protein diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%). Through the entire experimental period, ADG and gain/feed tended to increase in HP and HP+BV treatments, however, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatments. With the addition of Biotite V in diets, digestibilities of nutrients (DM, N, Ca and P) were increased significantly (p<0.01). The addition of Biotite V in diets reduced the ammonia emissions in feces (p<0.01). Supplementation of Biotite V in diets also reduced the fecal propionic acid, butyric acid and acetic acid (p<0.01) compared to pigs fed diets without Biotite V. In conclusion, supplementation of Biotite V can increase nutrients digestibility and reduce fecal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in finishing pigs.