• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2002

Based on the five-year (October 1992 through September 1997) Topex/Poseidon altimeter measurements, we describe the statistical characteristics of the eddy variability in the East Sea in terms of sea surface height anomaly, slope variability, and eddy kinetic energy (EKE). The sea surface height anomalies in the East Sea are produced with standard corrections from Topex/Poseidon measurements. In order to eliminate the high frequency noise in the sea surface height anomaly data, the alongtrack height anomaly data was filtered by about 40 km low-pass Lanczos filter based on Strub et al. (1997) and Kelly et a1. (1998). We find that there exists a distinct spatial contrast of high eddy variability in the south and low eddy energy in the north, bordering the Polar Front. In the northwestern area $(north\;of\;39^{\circ}N\;and\;west\;of\;133^{\circ}E)$ from the Polar Front where the eddies frequently appear, the EKE is also considerabel. The high kinetic energy in the southern East Sea reveals a close connection with the paths of the Tsushima Warm Current, suggesting that the high variability in the south is mainly generated by the baroclinic instability process of the Tsushima Warm Current. This finding is supported by other studies (Fu and Zlontnicki, 1989; Stammer, 1997) wh.ch have shown the strong eddy energy coupled in the major current system. The monthly variation of the EKE in both areas of high and low eddy variability shows a strong seasonality of a high eddy kinetic energy from October to February and a relatively low one from March to September. The sequential pattern of wind stress curl shows resemblance with those of monthly and seasonal EKE and the two sequences have a correlation of 0.82 and 0.67, respectively, providing an evidence that wind stress curl can be the possible forcing for the monthly and seasonal variation of the EKE in the East Sea. The seasonality of the EKE also seems to correlate with the seasonality of the Tsushima Warm Current. There also exists the large spatial and interannual variabilities in the EKE.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.997-1009
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• 2011

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.292-304
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• 1993

세밀한 격자망과 정교한 개방경계 조건을 적용하고 실측 수온 염분치를 직접표층 에 적용하여 동해순환을 수치 모델화 하였다. 동해의 특징적인 현상들이 성공적으로 재현되었으며 특히 북한 한류와 동한난류가 더욱 뚜렷하여 졌다. 특기할 만한 사실로 는 울릉난수괴와 중층 저염분수가 재현되었다는 것이다. 전자는 동한난류의 바깥쪽에 서 국지적으로 생성된 시계방향의 재순환류와 연관되어 있고 후자는 동해 북, 북서 연 안역에서 침강으로 형성되어 강한 중층해류에 의해 연안을 따라 남족으로 이동된다. 모델에서는 또한 일본 연안류가 강한 계절변화를 보여서 겨울에는 순압, 여름에는 경 압구조를 나타냄을 보였으며 이 때 여름에 나타나는 강한 중층 반류가 흥미롭다. 모델 에서는 또한 동해 순환의 거시적 특징을 지워 주는데 북쪽의 반시계 방향 순환역과 남 쪽의 시계방향 순환역이 그것이다. 이들은 동해에서 국지적인 순환역학의 중요성을 시 사한다. 그러나 본 모델에서는 동한난류의 이안점이 실제보다 북쪽에 치우쳐서 나타나 는 것을 완전히 해결하지는 못하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2003

The dynamic behaviors of the single vortex interacting with $CH_4-Air$ jet diffusion flame are investigated numerically. The numerical method is based on a predict-corrector scheme for a low Mach number flow. A two-step global reaction mechanism is adopted as a combustion model. Studies are conducted in fixed initial velocities for the three cases according as where $CO_2$ is added; (1) without dilution, (2) dilution in fuel stream and (3) dilution in oxidizer stream. A single vortex is generated by an axisymmetric jet, which is made by an impulse of a cold fuel when a flame is developed entirely in a computational domain. The simulation shows that $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream results in somewhat larger vortex radius, and greater amount of entrainment of surrounding fluid than in other cases. Thus, the dilution of $CO_2$ in fuel stream enhances the mixing in single vortex and increases the stretching of the flame surface. The budgets of the vorticity transport equation are examined to reveal the mechanism of vortex formation when $CO_2$ is added. It is found that, in the case of $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream, the vortex destruction due to volumetric expansion and the vortex production due to baroclinic torque are more dominant than in other cases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1262-1272
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• 2003

A two-dimensional direct numerical simulation is performed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of a single vortex in counter reacting and non-reacting flow field. A predictor-corrector-type numerical scheme with a low Mach number approximation is used in this simulation. A 16-step augmented reduced mechanism is adopted to treat the chemical reaction. The budget of the vorticity transport equation is examined to reveal a mechanism leading to the formation, destruction and transport of a single vortex according to the direction of vortex generation in reacting and non-reacting flows. The results show that air-side vortex has more larger strength than that of fuel-side vortex in both non-reacting and reacting flows. In reacting flow, the vortex is more dissipated than that in non-reacting flow as the vortex approach the flame. The total circulation in reacting flow, however, is larger than that in non-reacting flow because the convection transport of vorticity becomes much large by the increased velocity near the flame region. It is also found that the stretching and the convection terms mainly generate vorticity in non-reacting and reacting flows. The baroclinic torque term generates vorticity, while the viscous and the volumetric expansion terms attenuate vorticity in reacting flow. Furthermore, the contribution of volumetric expansion term on total circulation for air-side vortex is much larger than that of fuel-side vortex. It is also estimated that the difference of total circulation near stagnation plane according to the direction of vortex generation mainly attributes to the convection term.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1993

알라스카만 명태 산란장에서의 해수의 성질과 해류의 흐름을 규명하기 위하여, 쉘 리코프 해협에서의 CTD 조사 결과와 해류계 자료가 분석되었다. 쉘리코프해협에서는 3개의 수괴가 구분되었다. 첫 번째 수괴는 Cook 내만으로부터 유래된 적은 양의 차갑고 염분이 낮은 ($<{\;}3^{\circ}C,{\;}<{\;}31.5\textperthousand$) 표층수로서 알라스카 반도 해안에 바짝 붙어서 남서쪽을 향하여 흐르고 있다. 둘째의 수괴는 알라스카 해안류 (ACC)의 가지로서 해협의 북종쪽 입구로 들어와 남서쪽을 향해 흐르며, 해협내에서는 중층과 표층의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 해협의 가장 깊은 골의 상부층에 가장 빠른 흐름이 존재하며, 그들은 Semidi섬과 Chirikof섬 사이의 남서쪽 계곡을 통하여 해협에서 빠져나간다. 세 번째의 수괴는 비교적 느리고, 따뜻하고 염분이 높은 ($>{\;}5^{circ}C,{\;}>{\;}32\textperthousand$) 대륙사면으로부터 남서쪽 입구의 저층을 통하여 해협으로 들어온 저층수인데 이들은 북동쪽을 향해 흐르며 해협 저층의 대부분을 차지한다.

• 대기
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.301-319
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• 2016

The evolutionary process of the polar low, which caused the heavy snowfall in the East Coast area on 11~12 February 2011, was investigated to describe in detail using synoptic weather charts, satellite imageries, and ERA (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis) -Interim reanalysis data. It was revealed that 1) the polar low was generated over the sea near Busan where a large cyclonic shear in the inverted trough branched from the parent low existed, 2) during the developing and mature stages, there was a convectively unstable region in the lower layer around the polar low and its south side, 3) the polar low was developed in the region where the static stability in the 500~850 hPa layer was the lowest, 4) the result from the budget analysis of the vorticity equation indicated that the increase in the vorticity at the lower atmosphere, where the polar low was located, was dominated mainly by the stretching term, 5) the warm core structure of the polar low was identified in the surface-700 hPa layer during the mature stage, 6) there was a close inverse relationship between a development of the polar low and the height of the dynamic tropopause over the polar low, and 7) for generation and development of the polar low, large-scale circulation systems, such as upper cold low and its combined short wave trough, major low (parent low), and polar air outbreak, should be presented, indicating that the polar low has the nature of the baroclinic disturbance.

• 대기
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.321-336
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• 2016

Damages caused by torrential rain occur every year in Korea and summer time convection can cause strong thunderstorms to develop which bring dangerous weather such as torrential rain, gusts, and flash flooding. On 6 August 2013 a sudden torrential rain concentrated over the inland of Southern Korean Peninsula occurred. This was an event characterized as a mesoscale multicellular convection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the conditions of the multicellular convection and the synoptic and mesoscale nature of the system development. To this end, dynamical and thermodynamic analyses of surface and upper-level weather charts, satellite images, soundings, reanalysis data and WRF model simulations are performed. At the beginning stage there was a cool, dry air intrusion in the upper-level of the Korean Peninsula, and a warm humid air flow from the southwest in the lower-level creating atmospheric instability. This produced a single cell cumulonimbus cloud in the vicinity of Baengnyeongdo, and due to baroclinic instability, shear and cyclonic vorticity the cloud further developed into a multicellular convection. The cloud system moved southeast towards Seoul metropolitan area accompanied by lightning, heavy precipitation and strong wind gusts. In addition, atmospheric instability due to daytime insolation caused new convective cells to develop in the upstream part of the Sobaek Mountain which merged with existing multicellular convection creating a larger system. This case was unusual because the system was affected little by the upper-level jet stream which is typical in Korea. The development and propagation of the multicellular convection showed strong mesoscale characteristics and was not governed by large synoptic-scale dynamics. In particular, the system moved southeast crossing the Peninsula diagonally from northwest to southeast and did not follow the upper-level westerly pattern. The analysis result shows that the movement of the system can be determined by the vertical wind shear.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.748-765
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 장마철 우리나라의 지역 평균 강수량을 이용하여 강수의 지속성에 따른 종관 특성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 일강수량 10mm 이상이 4일 이상 지속되는 강수(장기 강수)와 1~2일에 그치는 강수(단기 강수) 사이에는 종관 특성에 차이가 있음을 알았다. 장기 강수의 경우 우리나라 동쪽에 기압능이 발달, 저기압과 전선의 정체를 유도하였고, 또 강수 1일 전에 찬 공기가 화중지방으로 남하, 전선이 활발해져 강수의 지속성에 기여하였다. 단기 강수의 경우 저기압이 우리나라를 정체 없이 통과하였다. 또한 장기 강수와 단기 강수의 경우에 우리나라 부근의 전선이 대류권 전체에 미치는 경압성이 큰 구조를 보였다. 장기 강수의 전선 구조가 일본 남서부 지역 장기 강수의 경우와 다르며, 단기 강수의 경우는 양 지역에서 같다. 이는 장마가 반드시 일본 바이우(Baiu)의 연장선상에 있는 것은 아님을 의미한다.

• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the variabilities of wind speed of 850 hPa and precipitable water over the East Asia region using the NCEP Final Analysis data from December 2001 to November 2011. A large variance of wind speed was observed in northern and eastern China during the winter period. During summer, the regions of the East China Sea, the South Sea of Japan and the East Sea show large variances in the wind speed caused by an extended North Pacific High and typhoon activities. The large variances in the wind speed in the regions are shown to be correlated with the inter-annual variability of precipitable water over the inland region of windward side of the Korean Peninsula. Based on the investigation, sensitivity tests to the domain size were performed using the WRF model version 3.6 for heavy precipitation events over the Korean Peninsula for 26 and 27 July 2011. Numerical experiments of different domain sizes were set up with 5 km horizontal and 50 levels vertical resolutions for the control and the first experimental run, and 9 km horizontal for the second experimental run. We found that the major rainfalls correspond to shortwave troughs with baroclinic structure over Northeast China and extended North Pacific High. The correlation analysis between the observation and experiments for 1-h precipitation indicated that the second experiment with the largest domain had the best performance with the correlation coefficient of 0.79 due to the synoptic-scale systems such as short-wave troughs and North Pacific High.